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Sheikh Hassan Dahir Aweys (Somali: Sheekh Xasan Daahir Aweys) (born in 1935[1]-), aged 71 in 2006[2] , was the head of the 90-member shura council of the Islamic Courts Union of Somalia. Sheikh, also rendered as Sheik, Cheikh, Shaikh, and other variants ( Arabic:, shaykh Somali ( Af Soomaali, الصوماليه is a member of the East Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken by ethnic Somalis Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Shura is an ( Arabic شورَى | شورا word for "consultation" The Islamic Courts Union ( ICU, Somali: Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga Arabic: اتحاد المحاكم الإسلامية Ittihād al-mahākim Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known [3] Aweys was viewed as one of the more radical leaders of the Union, which promoted shari'a and directed the militias that took control of the former Somali capital of Mogadishu in June 2006. Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law. Mogadishu ( Somali: Muqdisho, popularly Xamar, Hamar; مقديشو Maqadīshū An eight-member executive committee was headed by the more moderate Sharif Sheikh Ahmed,[4] although the BBC stated that he was the "real power" of the organization. Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed ( Sheekh Shariif Sheekh Axmed; الشيخ شريف شيخ أحمد; born July 25, 1964) is the Commander in [2]

He resigned from the ICU on December 28, 2006 at the end of ICU rule in Mogadishu. The Fall of Mogadishu occurred on December 28, 2006, when the militaries of Somalia 's Transitional Federal Government

He has been accused of being part of the Wahhabi movement within Islam, but personally maintains his background is Sufi. Wahhabism ( Arabic: Al-Wahhābīyya الوهابية or Wahabism is a conservative reformist call of Sunni Islam attributed to Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفی‌گری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف [5]


Contents

History

During the regime of Siad Barre, Aweys was a colonel in the Somali National Army (SNA) during the 1977 Ogaden War against Ethiopia[6], during which he was cited for bravery. Mohamed Siad Barre (Maxamed Siyaad Barre محمّد سياد بري) (b History Historically Somali society accorded prestige to the warrior (waranle and rewarded military prowess The Ogaden War was a conventional conflict between Somalia and Ethiopia in 1977 and 1978 over the Ogaden region of Ethiopia NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page [7]


Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya (AIAI)

Main article: al-Itihaad al-Islamiya

In the 1990s he headed al-Itihaad al-Islamiya (AIAI)[8], an Islamist group that was responsible for terrorist attacks on hotels and markets in Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa, Jijiga, and Harar[9], and was originally funded by al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden which was linked to the 1998 United States embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania. Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya or AIAI ( الاتحاد الإسلامية ‎ Islamic Union) is a defunct Islamist militant group in Somalia Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya or AIAI ( الاتحاد الإسلامية ‎ Islamic Union) is a defunct Islamist militant group in Somalia Islamism ( Islam + ism; Arabic: al-'islāmiyya) a set of ideologies holding that Islam is not only Addis Ababa (sometimes spelled Addis Abeba, the spelling used by the official Ethiopian Mapping Authority Amharic Dire Dawa is one of two chartered cities ( astedader akabibi) in Ethiopia (the other being the capital Addis Ababa) Jijiga ( Jigjiga) is a city in eastern Ethiopia Harar (var Harrar, Hārer, Harer; Adari) is an eastern city in Ethiopia, and the capital of the modern Harari Al-Qaeda, alternatively spelled al-Qaida, al-Qa`ida or al-Qa`idah, ( Arabic:; ar-Latn ''al-qāʿidah'' Translation: The Osama bin Laden, with some spelling variations is the name used in English to refer to (أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن born 10 March In the 1998 US Embassy bombings ( August 7, 1998) hundreds of people were killed in simultaneous Car bomb explosions at the United States The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south Tanzania ˌtænzəˈniːə officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya [10] AIAI was destroyed later in the 1990s by a force led by now-Somali President Abdullahi Yusuf and funded by Ethiopia. Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed ( Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed, عبدالله يوسف أحمد (born December 15 1934) is a veteran Somali Politician [2]

On November 7, 2001, Aweys was named a supporter of terrorism in a supplement of Executive Order 13224 of United States President George W. Bush. Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Executive Order 13224 is an executive order signed into law by U The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. [11] Aweys is also on the terrorist list of the United States Department of State. [12] When Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed was elected president in 2004, Aweys declared that he would support the new leader, even if he pursued former elements of al-Itihaad, as long as the country was ruled according to Islam. Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed ( Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed, عبدالله يوسف أحمد (born December 15 1934) is a veteran Somali Politician For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation.

Islamic Courts Union (ICU)

Main articles: Islamic Courts Union, Rise of the Islamic Courts Union (2006), and War in Somalia (2006–present)

After the defeat of AIAI Aweys played a key role in the beginnings of a system of courts set up according the shari'a by local businessmen desperate for order, becoming its spiritual head. The Islamic Courts Union ( ICU, Somali: Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga Arabic: اتحاد المحاكم الإسلامية Ittihād al-mahākim The Advance of the Islamic Courts Union is the period in the Somali Civil War that began on May 2006 with the Islamic Courts Union 's (ICU conquest of Mogadishu The War in Somalia is an ongoing armed conflict involving largely Ethiopian and Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG forces versus the Somali Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya or AIAI ( الاتحاد الإسلامية ‎ Islamic Union) is a defunct Islamist militant group in Somalia Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law. The courts brought relative stability to areas under its control, after years of turmoil. The Union's notion of order is strict, including stonings for serious crimes such as rape and murder. Stoning, or lapidation, refers to a form of Capital punishment whereby an organized group throws stones at the convicted individual until the person dies Rape, also referred to as Sexual assault, is an Assault by a person involving Sexual intercourse with or Sexual penetration of another person Murder is the unlawful killing of another human person with Malice aforethought, as defined in Common Law countries At first it only controlled the area of north Mogadishu, but it gained support from many Somalis following the random violence suffered under the warlords who controlled southern Mogadishu. Mogadishu ( Somali: Muqdisho, popularly Xamar, Hamar; مقديشو Maqadīshū Beginning in about 2004, eleven of these courts folded into an umbrella organization, the Islamic Courts Union, which fielded a formidable militia. The Islamic Courts Union ( ICU, Somali: Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga Arabic: اتحاد المحاكم الإسلامية Ittihād al-mahākim A UN report in early 2006 stated that Aweys was receiving military support from Eritrea, as part of the ongoing conflict between it and Ethiopia, though Eritrea denies the claim. Eritrea () ( Ge'ez: ኤርትራ ʾErtrā, Arabic: إرتريا Iritriya) officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in [2]

Following the Union's victory in Mogadishu in June 2006, Aweys rose to be the head of the shura committee, replacing Sharif Sheik Ahmed. Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed ( Sheekh Shariif Sheekh Axmed; الشيخ شريف شيخ أحمد; born July 25, 1964) is the Commander in [13] The Courts' second-in-command Sheikh Abdulakdir Ali stated day-to-day matters would be handled by Sharif Sheikh Ahmed's executive committee. Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed ( Sheekh Shariif Sheekh Axmed; الشيخ شريف شيخ أحمد; born July 25, 1964) is the Commander in [3] [14]

On July 21, 2006, Hassan Aweys, in a radio broadcast, urged holy war on Ethiopian troops stationed in Baidoa to support the UN-backed government of Somalia. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page Baidoa ( Baydhabo) is a city in south-central Somalia, situated 256 kilometers (159 miles by road northwest of the capital Mogadishu. [15]

On November 17, 2006, the sheikh spoke to Shabelle Radio about the formation of a Greater Somalia, uniting the Somali people scattered across the Horn of Africa. Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Greater Somalia refers to those regions in the Horn of Africa in which ethnic Somalis are and have historically represented the predominant population He stated, "We will leave no stone unturned to integrate our Somali brothers in Kenya and Ethiopia and restore their freedom to live with their ancestors in Somalia. "[16]

Regional concern had been heightened since November 2, when the US Embassy in Nairobi issued a terrorist warning of suicide attack threats in Kenya and Ethiopia. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 [17]

On December 19, 2006, he received medical treatment in Egypt just before the beginning of the war against the UN-backed Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and Ethiopian troops. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. The Transitional Federal Government (TFG of the Somali Republic ( Dowladda federaalka kumeelgaarka) is the present internationally recognized government of Somalia [18]

On December 21, 2006, as the fighting intensified with Ethiopia, he took a flight to an undisclosed location with Yusuf Mohammed Siad Inda'ade, and, rather than news of medical treatment, it was said he was on the hajj, the pilgrimage in Mecca. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Yusuf Mohammed Siad Inda'ade ( Yuusuf Maxamed Siyaad (Indhacadde) was an Islamist member of the Islamic Courts Union (ICU in Somalia, and serves Mecca ˈmɛkə also spelled Makkah ˈmækə (in full Makkah Al-Mukarramah (Arabic mækːæ(t ælmʊkarˑamæ مكّة المكرمة, literally Honored [19]

On December 27, 2006, Aweys, along with a group of several hundred fighters from the Hizbul Shabaab wing of the ICU fled Mogadishu, presumably to the former AIAI base at Ras Kamboni. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Al-Shabaab (Arabic "The Youth") also known as As-Shabaab, Hizbul Shabaab (Arabic "The Party of Youth") and Mogadishu ( Somali: Muqdisho, popularly Xamar, Hamar; مقديشو Maqadīshū Ras Kamboni (Raaskambooni is a town in the Badhaadhe district of Lower Juba region Somalia, which lies on a Peninsula near the border [20] On December 31, 2006, he vowed to fight on, and called for others to create an insurgency against the government. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Meanwhile, a heavily armed column of government and Ethiopian troops advanced from Mogadishu through Lower Shabelle towards Kismayo. They reached Bulo Marer (Kurtun Warrey district) and were heading to Baravo. [21]

In January 2007, his whereabouts remained generally unknown, but it was believed he was ailing. January 2007 is the first month of that year It began on a Monday and 31 days later ended on a Wednesday. [18]

Alliance for the Liberation of Somalia

Main article: Alliance for the Liberation of Somalia

In September 2007, he emerged in Eritrea forming a new rebel movement.

References

  1. ^ Sheikh Hassan Dahir Aweys
  2. ^ a b c d Winter, Joseph, Profile: Somalia's Islamist leader, BBC News, 27 June 2006
  3. ^ a b SOMALIA: Islamic courts set up consultative council, Integrated Regional Information Networks, 26 June 2006
  4. ^ 'Radical' heads new Somali body, BBC News, 25 June 2006
  5. ^ "[1] Somali Islamist leader vague on terrorism in interview]", afrol News / Awdal News Network, 2006-06-09. Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Integrated Regional Information Networks, commonly known as IRIN, is a project of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Retrieved on 2007-01-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army  
  6. ^ "Retreat fails to quell fears of long war in Horn of Africa", The Guardian, 2006-12-26. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Retrieved on 2007-01-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army  
  7. ^ "Somalia’s High Stakes Power Struggle", The Council on Foreign Relations, 2006-08-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great. Retrieved on 2007-01-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army  
  8. ^ Profile: Somalia's Islamic Courts, BBC News, 6 June 2006
  9. ^ "Ethio-Eritrean Factors in the Somalian Saga", Addis Fortune. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Addis Fortune (also known as the Fortune) is a private and independent newspaper in Ethiopia Retrieved on 2007-01-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign  
  10. ^ U.S. returning to a nightmare called Somalia, SF Gate, 16 December 2001
  11. ^ Suspected Terrorist List, list maintained by the U. Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. S. Commonwealth of Massachusetts
  12. ^ Meet the Press U. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. S. Senator Russ Feingold calls Aweys "an al-Qaeda operative or somebody that is connected with al-Qaeda. " 2006 June 25
  13. ^ "Militant leader emerges in Somalia", New York Times, 2006-06-25. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Retrieved on 2007-01-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army  
  14. ^ Ethiopia says Somalia 'a threat', BBC News, 28 June 2006
  15. ^ "Somali Militant Urges Holy War on Ethiopia", Associated Press, 2006-07-21. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Retrieved on 2007-01-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign  
  16. ^ Islamic leader says Somali regions in Kenya, Ethiopia should be part of Somalia, The San Diego Union-Tribune, 18 November 2006
  17. ^ "Islamic Leader Urges Greater Somalia", Associated Press, 2006-11-18. The San Diego Union-Tribune is a daily Newspaper published in San Diego California, by the Copley Press. Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Retrieved on 2007-01-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign  
  18. ^ a b "West ‘backing the wrong horse’ in Mogadishu peace initiatives", The East African, 2007-01-29. The EastAfrican is a weekly newspaper published in Kenya by the Nation Media Group, which also publishes Kenya's national Daily Nation Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Retrieved on 2007-01-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher.  
  19. ^ "Somalia: Top Islamist officials leave for unknown destination", SomaliNet, 2006-12-21. SomaliNet is a Somali networking website created in May 1998 Somalinet contains News, Chat ( IRC) forums, an online Dating service Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Retrieved on 2007-01-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army  
  20. ^ "Former Members of Radical Somali Group Give Details of Their Group", Voice of America, 2007-01-06. Voice of America ( VOA) is the official external radio and Television broadcasting service of the United States federal government. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King Retrieved on 2007-01-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army  
  21. ^ Yusuf, Aweys Osman. "Islamists vow a rebellious war as Ethiopian troops head to Kismayu", shabelle. net, 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Retrieved on 2007-01-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France.  

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