| Common Banded Awl | ||||||||||||||||
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| Hasora chromus (Cramer, 1782)[1] |
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Parata chromus |
Hasora chromus, commonly known as the Common Banded Awl,[2] is a butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae which is found in the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia and Australia. Pieter Cramer (baptized on May 21, 1721, Amsterdam - died in Amsterdam on September 28, 1776) was a wealthy Dutch merchant Year 1782 ( MDCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In Scientific nomenclature, synonyms are different Scientific names used for a single Taxon. A butterfly is an Insect of the order Lepidoptera. Like all Lepidoptera butterflies are notable for their unusual life cycle with a A skipper is a Butterfly of the family Hesperiidae (superfamily Hesperioidea named after their quick darting flight habits India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.
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Range
The Common Banded Awl is found throughout the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia (including the Malay peninsula and the Indonesian archipelago), South China, Okinawa, Japan, Papua New Guinea and Australia. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. is one of Japan 's southern prefectures, and consists of hundreds of the Ryukyu Islands in a chain over 1000 km long which extends southwest from Kyūshū For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Papua New Guinea (or ˈpæpjuːə in Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini) officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. [2][3]
It occurs in the plains and hills up to 7000 ft. It is found in jungle as well as open country both in areas of light and heavy rainfall. [4]
Status
Common. [4]
Description
- See glossary for terms used
_at_23_Miles_near_Jayanti,_Duars,_West_Bengal_W_IMG_5888.jpg/180px-Common_Banded_Owl_(Hasora_chromus)_at_23_Miles_near_Jayanti,_Duars,_West_Bengal_W_IMG_5888.jpg)
- Both sexes:
- Wingspan 45-50mm. [4]
- The male and female are dark vinaceous brown. The cilia is greyish brown while the head and thorax are greenish brown. The abdomen, third joint of palpi and the legs are also brown; the palpi and thorax beneath are dull yellow. [5]
- Below, The hindwing is dark-brown with more of less of dull blue-grayish gloss. It has a narrow discal band, whitish in colour which is diffused on the outside margin. It has a black tornal patch. [4] This black spot is clearly visible only at the time of hatching for a few moments but is becomes hidden in the fold of the hindwing, a characteristic of this genus which develops very soon after. It can also be seen in mounted museum specimens. [3]
- Male: Above, dark brown and unmarked. UPF with a brand from vein 1 to 4. [4]
- Female: Above, the female has two yellowish white discal spots, with a small spot near the apex. [4]
Similar species
The following species of Awls (genus Hasora) look similar and can be told apart by the differences in the white discal band UNH.
- Plain Banded Awl Hasora vitta Butler - The white band is broader, diffused at the outer margin and has more glossy sheen than the Common Banded Awl. Hasora vitta, commonly known as the Plain Banded Awl, is a Butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae which is found in India Arthur Gardiner Butler ( London, 27 June 1844 - Beckenham, 28 May 1925) was an English Entomologist [3]
- White Banded Awl Hasora taminatus Hübner - The white band is broad, sharply defined and generally uniform in width. Hasora taminatus, commonly known as the White Banded Awl, is a Butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae, which is found in Asia Jacob Hübner ( June 20, 1761 - September 13, 1826, Augsburg) was a German Entomologist. [3]
- Common Awl Hasora badra Moore - It resembles the Common Banded Awl but lacks the white band. Hasora badra, commonly known as the Common Awl, is a Butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae, which is found in India. Frederic Moore FZS ( May 13, 1830 – May 10, 1907) was a British Entomologist. It has rust colouring and a white spot UNH. [3]
Habits
In India, the Common Banded Awl is the commonest of the Awls or Coeliadinae subfamily of skippers. Coeliadinae is a Subfamily of the Hesperiidae ("skippers" family of Butterflies. It has a rapid and whirring flight which is audlible at close quarters. It is less averse to sunshine than other Awls and is often found flying around bushes in bright sunshine. It can be seen visiting flowers early in the day and sometimes basks on leaves, often with its wings slightly parted. It rests with wings closed. [4]
Life cycle
Eggs: Laid singly on young shoots, or on new leaves, both above and below. The egg is pinkish white when laid, dome-shaped with a flattened-top, and with minute longintudinal ridges. These are bead-patterned and have fine transverse striations. The egg turns dirty-white as it matures. [3]
Caterpillar:The caterpillar is cyclindriform with a constricted second segment which appears as a neck with black collar. The head is lobed, rounded and yellowish-red in colour. The caterpillar is yellowish-black with brown sides which range from pale to dark-brown in colour. The markings are very variable. The caterpillar is greenish-white below tinged with yellow. Sometimes the green extends all over the body along with the dark markings. When newly born, the caterpillar eats the eggshelf, usually incompletely and scuttles off to a leaf where it hurriedly makes a cell for itself. Active when young, it becomes lethargic as it grows. The caterpillar ventures forth to feed only when the light is very low and at night. [3]
Pupa: The pupa is stout, pale-brown, with white abdomen and a prominent projection on the head between bulbous eyes. [3]
Cited references
- ^ Cramer, Pap. Exot. , vol. iii. , pi. 284, fig. E. $ . (1782).
- ^ a b Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera. Page on genus Hasora.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Kunte, Krushnamegh. (2000) Butterflies of Peninsular India, ser no 62, pp 191-194.
- ^ a b c d e f g Wynter-Blyth, M. A. (1957) Butterflies of the Indian Region, pg 467.
- ^ Watson, E. Y. (1891) Hesperiidae indicae. Vest and Co. Madras.
See also
References
- Evans, W. A skipper is a Butterfly of the family Hesperiidae (superfamily Hesperioidea named after their quick darting flight habits A total of 22 species belonging to four genera of the Coeliadinae (family Hesperiidae) or the Awls Awlets and Awlkings as they are commonly called are India has a rich biodiversity of butterflies, of which skippers are a well represented family H. (1932) The Identification of Indian Butterflies. 2nd Ed, (i to x, pp454, Plates I to XXXII), Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.
- Kunte, Krushnamegh. (2000) Butterflies of Peninsular India, (i to xviii, pp254, Plates 1 to 32) Universities Press (India) Ltd, Hyderabad (reprint 2006). ISBN 81-7371-354-5
- Wynter-Blyth, M. A. (1957) Butterflies of the Indian Region, Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.
Online
- Beccaloni, G. W. , Scoble, M. J. , Robinson, G. S. & Pitkin, B. (Editors). 2003. The Global Lepidoptera Names Index (LepIndex). World Wide Web electronic publication. [1] (accessed 22 September 2007).
- Savela, Marrku Website on Lepidoptera [2] (accessed 22 September 2007)
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