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| Hasora badra (Moore, 1857)[1] |
Hasora badra,[2][3] commonly known as the Common Awl, is a butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae, which is found in India. Frederic Moore FZS ( May 13, 1830 – May 10, 1907) was a British Entomologist. A butterfly is an Insect of the order Lepidoptera. Like all Lepidoptera butterflies are notable for their unusual life cycle with a A skipper is a Butterfly of the family Hesperiidae (superfamily Hesperioidea named after their quick darting flight habits India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country
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Range
The butterfly is found in Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Hainan, Taiwan, North Vietnam, Japan, Western China, Malaysia, the Indonesian archipelago (Borneo, Sumatra, and Java), Philippines, Palawan, Moluccas and Sulawesi. Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Laos (ˈlɑːoʊs or /ˈlaʊs/ officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a Landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma Hainan ( POJ: Hai-lam Pinyin:, Jyutping: hoi2 naam4 literal meaning "South of the Sea" is the smallest province of the People's Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Borneo is the third largest island in the world and is located at the centre of Maritime Southeast Asia. Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470000 km² and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two Java (Jawa is an Island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city Jakarta. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Palawan is an Island province of the Philippines located in the MIMAROPA region. The Maluku Islands (also known as the Moluccas, Moluccan Islands, the Spice Islands or simply Maluku) are an Archipelago Sulawesi (formerly known as Celebes, ˈsɛlɛbiz is one of the four larger Sunda Islands of Indonesia and is situated between Borneo and the [3][4]
In India the butterfly is found in South India, where it occurs in the Western Ghats, and the Nilgiris; and in the Himalayas from Mussoorie eastwards to Sikkim and through to Myanmar. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country South India is the area encompassing India 's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union The Western Ghats ( Kannada ಸಹ್ಯಾದ್ರಿ Marathi / Konkani - सह्याद्री Sahyadri Malayalam സഹ്യപര്വ്വതം WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Mussoorie is a city and a Municipal board, about 34 km from Dehradun and in Dehradun district Sikkim ( Nepali:, also Sikhim) is a Landlocked Indian state nestled in the Himalayas It is the least populous state in India Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. It is also found in the Andaman and Nicobar islands. The Andaman Islands are a group of islands in the Bay of Bengal, and are part of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Union Territory of India. The Nicobar Islands are an island chain in the eastern Indian Ocean, and are part of the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India [5][3]
The type locality is Java. Java (Jawa is an Island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city Jakarta. [3]
Status
Not Rare as per Evans (1932). [4]
Description
- For a key to the terms used see the glossary of Lepidopteran terms. "Tornus" redirects here For the Gastropod Genus, see Tornus (gastropod.
_at_23_mile_near_Jayanti_in_Duars,_West_Bengal_W_IMG_5849.jpg/180px-Common_Awl_(Hasora_badra)_at_23_mile_near_Jayanti_in_Duars,_West_Bengal_W_IMG_5849.jpg)
The butterfly, which has a wingspan of 50 to 55mm, is dark brown unmarked above. The butterfly, resembles the Common Banded Awl Hasora chromus, except that it has no white band below; and the apex of the forewing and the disc of the hindwing below are purple-washed. Hasora chromus, commonly known as the Common Banded Awl, is a Butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae which is found in the Indian The male has apical spots but no brands above. The female has large yellow spots in cell, 2 and 3, and apical dots. [5][6]
The Sri Lankan race has no apical spots on the male above and no purple-wash below. [5][6]
Detailed description
Watson (1891) [7] gives a detailed description, shown below:
- Male and female yellowish brown.
- Male, with a suffused blackish subbasal patch; forewing with three conjugated very small yellowish semitransparent spots near the costa, one fourth from the apex. Cilia pale greyish brown. Underside brown suffused with purple; forewing with a blackish costal patch before the apex, posterior margin yellowish; hindwing with a subbasal and submarginal suffused blackish band, the latter terminating in a black patch on anal lobe; above the patch is a purple-white streak, and within the cell a small bluish white spot. Palpi and body beneath dull yellow. Legs, pale brown.
- Female, above brown suffused with vinaceous yellowish brown basally; forewing with the three small subapical spots (as in male) and three rather large obliquely quadrate spots, two being disposed on the disc, the third above and within the cell. Underside with the spots on forewing as in upperside; hindwing as in male.
Host-plants
The larva has been recorded on Derris uliginosa, Milletia pachycarpa and Pongamia spp. [3]
Cited references
- ^ Card for Hasora badra in LepIndex. Accessed 12 October 2007.
- ^ TOL web page on genus Hasora
- ^ a b c d e Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera. Page on genus Hasora.
- ^ a b Evans,W. H. (1932) The Identification of Indian Butterflies, ser no I1. 7, pg 314.
- ^ a b c Wynter-Blyth, M. A. (1957) Butterflies of the Indian Region, pg 468.
- ^ a b Kunte, Krushnamegh. (2000) Butterflies of Peninsular India, pg 192.
- ^ Watson, E. Y. (1891) Hesperiidae indicae. Vest and Co. Madras.
See also
- Coeliadinae
- Hesperiidae
- List of butterflies of India (Coeliadinae)
- List of butterflies of India (Hesperiidae)
References
- Evans, W. Coeliadinae is a Subfamily of the Hesperiidae ("skippers" family of Butterflies. A skipper is a Butterfly of the family Hesperiidae (superfamily Hesperioidea named after their quick darting flight habits A total of 22 species belonging to four genera of the Coeliadinae (family Hesperiidae) or the Awls Awlets and Awlkings as they are commonly called are India has a rich biodiversity of butterflies, of which skippers are a well represented family H. (1932) The Identification of Indian Butterflies. 2nd Ed, (i to x, pp454, Plates I to XXXII), Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.
- Kunte, Krushnamegh. (2000) Butterflies of Peninsular India, (i to xviii, pp254, Plates 1 to 32) Universities Press (India) Ltd, Hyderabad (reprint 2006). ISBN 81-7371-354-5.
- Watson, E. Y. (1891) Hesperiidae indicae. Vest and Co. Madras.
- Wynter-Blyth, M. A. (1957) Butterflies of the Indian Region, Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.
Online
- Beccaloni, G. W. , Scoble, M. J. , Robinson, G. S. & Pitkin, B. (Editors). 2003. The Global Lepidoptera Names Index (LepIndex). World Wide Web electronic publication. [1] (accessed 22 September 2007).
- Brower, Andrew V. Z. , (2007). Hasora Moore 1881. Version 21 February 2007 (under construction). Page on genus Hasora in The Tree of Life Web Project http://tolweb.org/.
- Savela, Marrku Website on Lepidoptera [2] (accessed 22 September 2007)