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Harry Hammond Hess
Harry Hess commanding the USS Cape Johnson.
Harry Hess commanding the USS Cape Johnson.
Born May 24, 1906
Died August 25, 1969
Nationality United States
Fields geology
Alma mater Yale University

Harry Hammond Hess (May 24, 1906 – August 25, 1969) was a geologist and United States Navy officer in World War II. History The USS Cape Johnson, a 5668- Ton Maritime Commission C1 -B type cargo ship was built at Wilmington California Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A geologist is a contributor to the Science of Geology, studying the physical structure and processes of the Earth and planets of the solar system World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including


Considered one of the "founding fathers" of the unifying theory of plate tectonics, Rear Admiral Dr. The word theory has many distinct meanings in different fields of Knowledge, depending on their methodologies and the context of discussion. Plate tectonics (from Greek τέκτων tektōn "builder" or "mason" describes the large scale motions of Earth 's Lithosphere Rear admiral is a Naval Commissioned officer rank above that of a Commodore and Captain, and below that of a Vice Admiral. Harry Hammond Hess was born on May 24, 1906 in New York City. Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The City of New York He is best known for his theories on sea floor spreading, specifically work on relationships between island arcs, seafloor gravity anomalies, and serpentinized peridotite, suggesting that the convection of the Earth's mantle was the driving force behind this process. Seafloor spreading occurs at Mid-ocean ridges where new Oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge A volcanic arc is a chain of volcanic islands or Mountains formed by Plate tectonics as an oceanic Tectonic plate subducts under A gravity anomaly is the difference between the observed Gravity and a value predicted from a model The serpentine group describes a group of common rock-forming hydrous Magnesium Iron phyllosilicate (()3 Minerals they A peridotite is a dense coarse-grained Igneous rock, consisting mostly of the minerals Olivine and Pyroxene. The mantle is a part of an Astronomical object. The interior of the Earth, similar to the other Terrestrial planets, is Chemically divided This work provided a conceptual base for the development of the theory of plate tectonics. The word theory has many distinct meanings in different fields of Knowledge, depending on their methodologies and the context of discussion. Plate tectonics (from Greek τέκτων tektōn "builder" or "mason" describes the large scale motions of Earth 's Lithosphere

Contents

Education

Hess entered Yale University as an electrical engineering major in 1923. Electrical engineering, sometimes referred to as electrical and electronic engineering, is a field of Engineering that deals with the study and application of Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. After two years, he switched to geology, graduating with a B. Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit S. degree in 1927. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Hess then worked as an exploration geologist in Rhodesia for two years before beginning graduate studies at Princeton University. Rhodesia was the name adopted when the formerly British colony of Southern Rhodesia declared itself independent ( Unilateral Declaration of Independence Princeton University is a private Coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey. For his doctoral thesis, Hess studied an altered Virginia peridotite. A dissertation (also called thesis or disquisition) is a document that presents the author's Research and findings and is submitted in support of candidature The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state A peridotite is a dense coarse-grained Igneous rock, consisting mostly of the minerals Olivine and Pyroxene.

Teaching career

Harry Hess taught for a year (1932-1933) at Rutgers University in New Jersey and spent a year as a research associate at the Geophysical Laboratory of Washington, D. C., before joining the faculty of Princeton University in 1934. Rutgers The State University of New Jersey (also known as Rutgers University) is the largest institution for higher education in the state of New Jersey New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. Geophysics, a major discipline of Earth sciences, is the study of the Earth by quantitative physical methods especially by seismic, electromagnetic Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Princeton University is a private Coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey. Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Hess remained at Princeton for the rest of his career and served as Geology Department Chair from 1950 to 1966. He was a visiting professor at the University of Cape Town, South Africa (1949-1950), and the University of Cambridge, England (1965). The University of Cape Town ( UCT) is a Public university located on the Rhodes Estate on the slopes of Devil's Peak, in Cape Town The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland

Military career

Hess joined the US Navy during World War II, becoming captain of the USS Cape Johnson, a transport ship equipped with a new technology: sonar. Captain is the traditional customary title given to the person in charge in command of a Ship at sea History The USS Cape Johnson, a 5668- Ton Maritime Commission C1 -B type cargo ship was built at Wilmington California Sonar (which started as an Acronym for sound navigation and ranging) is a technique that uses Sound propagation (usually underwater to navigate This command would later prove to be key in Hess's development of his theory of sea floor spreading. Seafloor spreading occurs at Mid-ocean ridges where new Oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge Hess carefully tracked his travel routes to Pacific Ocean landings on the Marianas, Philippines, and Iwo Jima, continuously using his ship's echo sounder. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions The Mariana Islands (also the Marianas; up to the early 20th century sometimes called Ladrones Islands, from Spanish Islas de los Ladrones meaning The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Iwo Jima ( 硫黄[[wikt 島|島]] officially Iōtō,also frequently Iōjima: “ Sulfur island” is an island of the Japanese Echo sounding is the technique of using Sound pulses directed from the surface or from a submarine vertically down to measure the distance to the bottom by means of sound waves This unplanned wartime scientific surveying enabled Hess to collect ocean floor profiles across the North Pacific Ocean, resulting in the discovery of flat-topped submarine volcanoes, which he termed guyots, after the nineteenth century geographer Arnold Henry Guyot. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions For the French viticulturist see Jules Guyot. For the Old French name see Guiot. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Arnold Henry Guyot ( September 28, 1807 – February 8, 1884) Swiss - American Geologist and Geographer After the war, he remained in the Naval Reserve, rising to the rank of rear admiral. Rear admiral is a Naval Commissioned officer rank above that of a Commodore and Captain, and below that of a Vice Admiral.

Scientific Discoveries

In 1960, Hess made his single most important contribution, which is regarded as part of the major advance in geologic science of the 20th century. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on In a widely circulated report to the Office of Naval Research, he advanced the theory, now generally accepted, that the Earth's crust moved laterally away from long, volcanically active oceanic ridges. The Office of Naval Research ( ONR) headquartered in Arlington Virginia ( Ballston) is the office within the United States Department of the A mid-ocean ridge or mid-oceanic ridge is an underwater Mountain range typically having a valley known as a Rift running along its axis formed by Seafloor spreading, as the process was later named, helped establish Alfred Wegener's, earlier (but generally dismissed at the time) concept of continental drift as scientifically respectable. Seafloor spreading occurs at Mid-ocean ridges where new Oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge Alfred Lothar Wegener ( November 1, 1880 – November 2 or 3 1930 was a German Scientist and Meteorologist. Continental drift is the movement of the Earth 's Continents relative to each other This triggered a revolution in the earth sciences. Hess's report was formally published in his History of Ocean Basins (1962), which for a time was the single most referenced work in solid-earth geophysics. Geophysics, a major discipline of Earth sciences, is the study of the Earth by quantitative physical methods especially by seismic, electromagnetic Hess was also involved in many other scientific endeavors, including the Mohole project (1957-1966), an investigation onto the feasibility and techniques of deep sea drilling. The Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP was anocean drilling project running from 1968 to 1983

Death

Hess died from a heart attack in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, on August 25, 1969, while chairing a meeting of the Space Science Board of the National Academy of Sciences. Myocardial infarction ( MI or AMI for acute myocardial infarction) also known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply Woods Hole is a Census-designated place (CDP in the town of Falmouth in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States. Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The National Academy of Sciences (NAS is a corporation in the United States whose members serve Pro bono as "advisers to the nation on science He was buried in the Arlington National Cemetery and was posthumously awarded the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Distinguished Public Service Award. Arlington National Cemetery, in Arlington Virginia, is a military cemetery in the United States, established during the American Civil War

External links

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