Harriet Ann Jacobs (1813 - March 7, 1897) was an American abolitionist and writer. Year 1813 ( MDCCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Abolitionism was a political movement of the 18th and 19th century which sought to make Slavery illegal particularly in the United States and British West Indies She is best-known as the writer of the 1861 book Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, published under the pseudonym Linda Brent. Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl is a book that was published in 1861 by Harriet Jacobs, using the Pen name "Linda Brent" A pseudonym is a fictitious alternative to a person's legal name (see Alias)
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Biography
She was born in Edenton, North Carolina to Daniel Jacobs and Delilah. Edenton is a town in Chowan County, North Carolina, United States. Her brother's name was John. Daniel Jacobs was a mulatto slave owned by Dr. Mulatto is a term used to describe a person with one white parent and one black parent or a person whose Ancestry is a mixture of black and white Andrew Knox. Delilah (last name unknown) was a mulatto slave owned by John Horniblow, a tavern owner. Born to a slave, Harriet inherited the status of "slave" from her mother. Harriet lived with her mother until Delilah's death around 1819, when Harriet was a child of six. Year 1819 ( MDCCCXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar in the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Then she lived with her mother's slave-owner and mistress, Margaret Horniblow. Margaret taught Harriet to read, write, and sew.
In 1825, Margaret Horniblow died and willed the twelve-year-old Harriet to Horniblow's five-year-old niece, whose father, Dr. Year 1825 ( MDCCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common This article is about the radio and television stations For other uses see Will. James Norcom, thus became her de facto master. As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another Norcom sexually harassed Harriet for nearly a decade. He refused to allow her to marry any other man, regardless of status. Harriet had a consensual lover, Samuel Sawyer, who was a free white man and a lawyer who eventually became a Senator. Informed consent is a legal condition whereby a person can be said to have given Consent based upon an appreciation and understanding of the facts implications She and Sawyer were parents to two children, Joseph and Louisa, also owned by Norcom. Harriet reported that Norcom threatened to sell her children if she refused his sexual advances.
By 1835 her domestic situation had become unbearable, and Harriet managed to escape. Year 1835 ( MDCCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common She lived for seven years in a small crawlspace in her grandmother's attic before escaping by boat to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə She started living as a free woman and later moved to New York City in 1842. The City of New York Year 1842 ( MDCCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common She found employment as a nursemaid. A nursemaid or nursery maid, is mostly a historical term of employment for a female servant in an elite household. Her most notable employer was the writer and publisher Nathaniel Parker Willis. Nathaniel Parker Willis, also known as N P Willis, (January 20 1806 – January 20 1867 was an American Author, Poet and editor Harriet was one of many escaped slaves who wrote autobiographical narratives in an effort to shape opinion in the Northern United States on the "peculiar institution" of slavery. The Northern United States is a large geographic region of the United States of America. As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl
Jacobs's autobiographical accounts started being published in serial form in the New York Tribune, owned and edited by Horace Greeley. The New York Tribune was an American newspaper first established by Horace Greeley in 1841 which was long considered one of the leading Newspapers in the Horace Greeley ( February 3, 1811 &ndash November 29, 1872) was an American editor of a leading newspaper, a founder Her reports of sexual abuse were considered too shocking to the average newspaper reader of the day, and publication ceased before the completion of the narrative. Sexual abuse, also referred to as molestation, is the forcing of undesired sexual acts by one person upon another
After cancellation of the serial publication, Jacobs had considerable difficulty in selling her completed manuscript. She eventually managed to sign an agreement with the Thayer and Eldridge publishing house. The publishers hired Lydia Maria Child to edit the story, and introduced Child and Jacobs. Lydia Maria Child ( February 11 1802 &ndash July 7 1880) was an American Abolitionist, Women's rights activist The two women would remain in contact for much of their remaining lives. However Thayer and Eldridge declared bankruptcy before the narrative could be published. Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay their Creditors Creditors may file a bankruptcy petition against The narrative in its final form was published by a Boston, Massachusetts publisher in 1861.
The narrative was designed to appeal to Middle class white Christian women in the North, focusing on the impact of slavery on women's chastity and sexual virtues. The middle class, in colloquial usage consists of those who have some economic independence but not a great deal of social Influence or power. White People is the second album by Handsome Boy Modeling School. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Under slavery, female slaves were virtually defenseless against harassment and rape -- a risk Christian women could perceive as a temptation to masculine lusts and vice as well as to womanly virtues. Rape, also referred to as Sexual assault, is an Assault by a person involving Sexual intercourse with or Sexual penetration of another person
She criticized the religion of the Southern United States as being un-Christian and as emphasizing the value of money ("If I am going to hell, bury my money with me", says a particularly brutal and uneducated slaveholder). The Southern United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South &mdashconstitutes a large distinctive Hell, according to many Religious beliefs, is a location in the Afterlife, which may be described as a place of suffering She described another slaveholder in the sentence, "He boasted the name and standing of a Christian, though Satan never had a truer follower. Satan, ( Standard Hebrew Satan'el, English accuser) is a term that originates from the Abrahamic faiths, being traditionally " Jacobs argued that these men were not exceptions to the general rule.
Much of Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl is devoted to the Jacobs' struggle to free her two children after she runs away herself. In one heart-rending scene, Linda spends seven years hiding in a tiny space built into her grandmother's barn in order to occasionally see and hear the voices of her children. Jacobs changed the names of all characters in the novel, including her own, to conceal their true identities. Despite documents of authenticity, many have accused the narrative of being based on false accounts. The villainous slave owner "Dr. Flint" was clearly based on her former master, Dr. James Norcom.
Jacobs found employment as a nurse before and during the American Civil War. A nurse is responsible—along with other Health care Professionals —for the treatment safety and recovery of acutely or chronically Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South In 1860, she is listed as a nurse in the employ of Nathaniel Parker Willis. Her correspondence with Child reveals her enthusiasm over the Emancipation Proclamation of 1862. The Emancipation Proclamation consists of two executive orders issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday She felt that her suffering people were finally free. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution of 1865 would indeed put an end to slavery. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit Slavery, and with limited exceptions such as those Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year
Later life
Jacobs lived the later years of her life in Washington, D.C.. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D She died March 7, 1897. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common
References
Shockley, Ann Allen, Afro-American Women Writers 1746-1933: An Anthology and Critical Guide, New Haven, Connecticut: Meridian Books, 1989. ISBN 0-452-00981-2
External links
- Harriet Ann Jacobs (1813-1897)
- Works by Harriet Jacobs at Project Gutenberg
- Essays by Harriet Jacobs at Quotidiana.org
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