| Harpers Ferry National Historical Park | |
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| IUCN Category V (Protected Landscape/Seascape) | |
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| Location | Jefferson County, West Virginia, Washington County, Maryland, and Loudoun County, Virginia, USA |
| Nearest city | Charles Town, West Virginia |
| Coordinates | |
| Area | 2,287. Jefferson County is a County located in the US state of West Virginia. Washington County is a County located in the western part of the U Loudoun County (ˈlaʊdən "LOUD-un" is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, and is part of the Washington Metropolitan The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Not to be confused with the state capital Charleston West Virginia. 48 acres (9. 26 km²) |
| Established | June 30, 1944 |
| Visitors | 254,329 (in 2007) |
| Governing body | National Park Service |
Harpers Ferry National Historical Park is located at the confluence of the Potomac and Shenandoah rivers in and around Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation The Potomac River flows into the Chesapeake Bay, located along the mid- Atlantic coast of the United States. This article is about the river in Virginia in the United States Harpers Ferry redirects here For other uses see Harpers Ferry (disambiguation. The park includes land in the adjacent states of Maryland and Virginia. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state The park is managed by the National Park Service, an agency of the U.S. Department of the Interior. The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation The United States Department of the Interior ( DOI) is a Cabinet department of the United States government that manages and conserves most federally Originally designated a National Monument in 1944, the park was declared a National Historical Park by the U.S. Congress in 1963. A National Historical Park, National Historic Park, and National Historic Site are designations for Protected areas of national The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses The park includes the historic town of Harpers Ferry, notable as a center of 19th century industry and as the scene of John Brown's abolitionist uprising. John Brown (May 9 1800 December 2 1859 was an American Abolitionist who advocated and practiced armed Insurrection as a means to end all Slavery Abolitionism was a political movement of the 18th and 19th century which sought to make Slavery illegal particularly in the United States and British West Indies Consisting of almost 4,000 acres, the land marks the site on which Thomas Jefferson once said, "The passage of the Patowmac through the Blue Ridge is perhaps one of the most stupendous scenes in Nature" after visiting the area in 1783. Thomas Jefferson (April 13 1743 – July 4 1826 was the third President of the United States (1801–1809 the principal author of the Declaration of Independence Due to a mixture of historical events and ample recreational opportunities, all within 50 miles (80 km) of Washington, D.C., the park has over one million visitors annually. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966. The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP is the United States government's official list of districts sites buildings structures and objects deemed worthy of Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar.
Contents |
Early history
Native American history in the region dates back at least 8,000 years. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States The Tuscarora Indians were the last native peoples known to inhabit the area in large numbers, essentially vanishing due to disease and conflict with White settlers in the early 18th century. White People is the second album by Handsome Boy Modeling School. A settler is a person who has migrated to an area and established permanent residence there often to colonize the area Robert Harper obtained a patent for the land from the Virginia legislature in 1751. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state (Prior to 1863, West Virginia was part of Virginia). The town was originally known as Shenandoah Falls at Mr. Harper's Ferry (1763) due to the ferry Robert Harper owned and operated. See also Merchant ship A ferry is a form of transport usually a Boat or Ship, used to carry (or ferry) passengers and
Today, the original house built by Robert Harper is the oldest remaining structure in the lower part of the park. House generally refers to a Shelter or Building that is a Dwelling or place for Habitation by Human beings. Though it is believed that George Washington visited the area earlier, his trip to the rivers' confluence in 1785, searching for a waterway to ship goods westward, is his earliest mention of the area. George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the Washington later directed that the Federal Harpers Ferry Armory be constructed on the site, utilizing the abundant water power needed for manufacturing purposes. The Harpers Ferry Armory, more formally the United States Armory and Arsenal at Harpers Ferry, located in Harpers Ferry West Virginia (then part of Virginia Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, "making by hand" is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale
Meriwether Lewis, under government contract, procured most of the weaponry and associated hardware that would be needed for the Lewis and Clark Expedition at the armory in Harpers Ferry. Meriwether Lewis ( August 18, 1774 &ndash October 11, 1809) was an American Explorer, Soldier, and public administrator A weapon is a Tool used either in Hunting, or attack or defence in Combat for the purpose of subduing enemy personnel or to destroy enemy weapons Blacksmiths also built a collapsible iron boat frame for the expedition. blacksmith is a person who creates objects from Iron or Steel by Forging the Metal; i Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 A boat is a Watercraft of modest size designed to float or plane on water and provide transport over it Between the years 1820 to 1840, John H. Hall worked to perfect the manufacturing of interchangeable parts at the armory. Utilizing precision molds and jigs, this was one of the birthplaces of precision manufacturing so that armaments and related mechanical equipment could be standardized and parts would be interchangeable. Subsequently, the development of the modern bullet to replace the round lead slug was achieved by James H. A bullet is a solid Projectile propelled by a Firearm or Air gun and is normally made from metal (usually Lead) Burton and this improvement was adopted by the U.S. Army in 1855. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. Employing at times up to 400 workers, the armory produced over half a million muskets and rifles between 1801 and 1860. A musket is a muzzle -loaded Smoothbore Long gun, which is intended to be fired from the shoulder A rifle is a Firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a barrel that has a helical groove or pattern of grooves ("rifling" cut into the barrel walls
John Brown's Raid
Abolitionist John Brown led an armed group in the capture of the armory in 1859. Abolitionism was a political movement of the 18th and 19th century which sought to make Slavery illegal particularly in the United States and British West Indies John Brown (May 9 1800 December 2 1859 was an American Abolitionist who advocated and practiced armed Insurrection as a means to end all Slavery Brown had hoped he would be able to arm the slaves and lead them against U. S. forces in a rebellion to overthrow slavery. As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another After his capture in the armory by a group of marines (led by U. S. Army Colonel Robert E. Lee), Brown was hanged, predicting in his last words that civil war was looming on the horizon, a prediction that came true less than two years later. Colonel ( RP ˈkɜnəl GA ˈkɜrnəl is a Military rank of a Commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every country Robert Edward Lee (January 19 1807 &ndash October 12 1870 was a career United States Army officer, an Engineer, and among the most celebrated The most important building remaining from John Brown's raid is the firehouse, now called John Brown's Fort where he resisted the Marines. Built in 1848 the building that became known as John Brown's Fort was originally constructed for use as a guard and fire engine house for the federal Harpers Ferry Armory in
Harpers Ferry and the American Civil War
The American Civil War (1861–1865) found Harpers Ferry right on the boundary between the Union and Confederate forces. Built in 1848 the building that became known as John Brown's Fort was originally constructed for use as a guard and fire engine house for the federal Harpers Ferry Armory in Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South During the American Civil War, the Union was a name used to refer to the federal government of the United States, which was supported by the twenty-three The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 The strategic position along this border and the valuable manufacturing base was a coveted strategic goal for both sides, but particularly the South due to its lack of manufacturing centers. The Southern United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South &mdashconstitutes a large distinctive Consequently, the town exchanged hands no less than eight times during the course of the war. Union forces abandoned the town immediately after the state of Virginia seceded from the Union, burning the armory and seizing 15,000 rifles. Secession (derived from the Latin term secessio is the act of withdrawing from an organization union or especially a political entity Colonel Thomas J. Jackson, who would later become known as "Stonewall", secured the region for the Confederates a week later and shipped most of the manufacturing implements south. Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson (January 21 1824 &ndash May 10 1863 was a Confederate general during the American Civil War, and probably the The War Department was established by the Confederate Congress in an act on February 21, 1861. Jackson spent the next two months preparing his troops and building fortifications, but was ordered to withdraw south and east to assist P.G.T. Beauregard at the First Battle of Bull Run. The month is a unit of Time, used with Calendars which is approximately as long as some natural period related to the motion of the Moon; Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard (ˈboʊrɪgɑrd ( May 28, 1818 &ndash February 20, 1893) was a Louisiana -born author civil servant Background Brig Gen Irvin McDowell was appointed by President Abraham Lincoln to command the Army of Northeastern Virginia. Union troops returned in force, occupying the town and began to rebuild parts of the armory. Stonewall Jackson, now a major general, returned in September 1862 under orders from Robert E. Major General or Major-General is a Military rank used in many countries Lee to retake the arsenal and then to join Lee's army north in Maryland. Jackson's assault on the Federal forces at Harpers Ferry led to the capitulation of 12,500 Union troops, which was the largest number of Union prisoners taken at one time during the war. The town exchanged hands several more times over the next two years.
Storer College
Storer College was built in Harpers Ferry as one of the first integrated schools in the U. Storer College was a historically black college located in Harpers Ferry in Jefferson County, West Virginia. Racial integration, or simply integration includes Desegregation (the process of ending systematic Racial segregation) A school (from Greek σχολεῖον - scholeion) is an Institution designed to allow and encourage Students (or "pupils" S. Frederick Douglass served as a trustee of the college, and delivered a memorable oration on the subject of John Brown there in 1881. Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, February 14 1818 February 20 1895 was an American abolitionist, editor, Orator Subsequent rulings known as Jim Crow Laws led other African American leaders such as Dr. The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws enacted primarily but not exclusively in the Southern and border states of the United States between 1876 and 1965 African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa W.E.B. Du Bois to hold a Niagara Movement (an early form of the NAACP) conference at the school in 1906 to discuss ways to peacefully combat legalized discrimination and segregation. William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (duːˈbɔɪz ( February 23, 1868 August 27, 1963) was an American Civil rights activist The Niagara Movement was a Civil rights organization founded in 1905 by a group led by W The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, usually abbreviated as NAACP, is one of the oldest and most influential Civil rights organizations Unlike most discrimination policies discrimination between, which is the discernment of qualities and recognition of the differences focused here discrimination against is After the end of school segregation in 1954, Storer College closed the following year. What remains of the Storer College campus is now administered by the National Park Service, as part of Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Harpers Ferry Center, and the Stephen T. Mather Training Center.
The park today
Several historical museums now occupy restored 19th century buildings in the Lower Town Historic District of Harpers Ferry. North of the park and across the Potomac from Harpers Ferry is the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, which operated from 1828 to 1924. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, abbreviated as the C&O Canal, and occasionally referred to as the " Grand Old Ditch," operated from 1836 until 1924 parallel The canal provided a vital waterway link with areas up and downstream prior to and during the early years after the arrival of the railroad. Today, the park can be accessed via U.S. Highway 340. US Route 340 is a spur of US Route 40. It currently runs for 156 miles (251 km from Frederick Maryland at U Aside from the extensive historical interests of the park, recreational opportunities include fishing, boating, and whitewater rafting as well as hiking, with the Appalachian Trail passing right through the park. Rafting or whitewater rafting is a challenging recreational activity utilizing a Raft to navigate a River or other bodies of water The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply The A
Modern park gallery
 Shenandoah Street & Lower Town |
 White Hall Tavern |
 White Hall Tavern |
 St. Peter's Catholic Church from Lower Town |
 The Dry Goods Store |
 Wetlands Exhibit |
 The CSX railroad bridge crosses the Potomac River on the edge of the park |
 View from Jefferson Rock at Harpers Ferry NHP |
External links
- National Park Service. Harpers Ferry National Historical Park. U. S. Department of the Interior. Retrieved on 2006-06-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland.
- National Park Service. Aerial View of Harpers Ferry. Maps and Information. U. S. Department of the Interior. Retrieved on 2006-06-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland.
- National Park Service. Harpers Ferry Park Map. Maps and Information. U. S. Department of the Interior. Retrieved on 2006-06-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland.
- Topozone. Barr Spring, USGS Harpers Ferry. USGS. Retrieved on 2006-06-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland.
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