Harold Rugg was an educational reformer in the early to mid 1900s, associated with the Progressive Education Movement. Originally trained in civil engineering, Rugg went on to study psychology, sociology and education at the University of Illinois. This article is about the flagship campus For other uses and locations of University of Illinois, see University of Illinois (disambiguation The University of After earning his Ph. D. we went on to teach at the University of Chicago and later became a professor at Teacher's College at Columbia University. The University of Chicago is a Private university located principally in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago. Columbia University is a private University in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. He studied the creativity which he believed was vital to the learning process. He created the first textbook series and his social studies books were extremely popular in US schools. By the early forties his books fell out of favor due to a campaign run by big business organizations like the Advertising Federation of America (AFA) and even the American Legion. The American Advertising Federation (AAF headquartered in Washington D For other uses of American Legion see American Legion (disambiguation The American Legion was chartered by the U The cause for the controversy was that in some of Rugg's junior-high textbooks he had included some pro-socialist ideas and included some criticism of the AFA.