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Blue plaque in Ebury Street, London
Blue plaque in Ebury Street, London

Sir Harold George Nicolson KCMG (November 21, 1886 – May 1, 1968) was a British diplomatist, author diarist and politician. The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George Prince Regent (later George Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Year 1886 ( MDCCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located For other uses of the term 'diary' see Diary (disambiguation. He was the husband of writer Vita Sackville-West, their unusual relationship being described in their son's book, Portrait of a Marriage. Victoria Mary Sackville-West The Hon Lady Nicolson, CH ( March 9, 1892 &ndash June 2, 1962) best known as Vita Sackville-West Portrait of a Marriage is the 1973 biography of writer and gardener Vita Sackville-West completed by her son Nigel Nicolson from her journals and letters

Life

Nicolson was born in Tehran, the younger son of a diplomat father Arthur Nicolson, 1st Baron Carnock. Tehran (or Teheran) ( Persian: تهران Tehrān) is the capital and largest City of Iran, and the administrative center of Arthur Nicolson 1st Baron Carnock (1849-1928 known as Sir Arthur Nicolson 11th Baronet, from 1899 to 1916 was a British diplomat and politician through the last He was educated at Wellington College and Balliol College, Oxford. Wellington College, the national monument to the Duke of Wellington, is an English Co-educational public school located in the Berkshire village Balliol College (ˈbeɪlɪəl founded in 1263 is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. In 1909 he joined the diplomatic service, in which he held various posts, participating in a junior capacity in the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office, commonly called the Foreign Office or the FCO, is the British government department responsible for promoting Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

In 1913, he married the writer Vita Sackville-West, who encouraged his literary ambitions. He published a biography of French poet Paul Verlaine in 1921, to be followed by studies of other literary figures such as Tennyson, Byron, Swinburne and Sainte-Beuve. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Paul-Marie Verlaine (vɛʁˈlɛn March 30, 1844 &ndash January 8, 1896) was a French poet associated with the Symbolist Alfred Tennyson 1st Baron Tennyson (6 August 1809 – 6 October 1892 was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom and remains one of the most popular English poets Algernon Charles Swinburne (5 April 1837 – 10 April 1909 was a Victorian era English poet Saint Beuve redirects here For the eponymous saint see Beuve Abbess of Saint Pierre de Reims. In 1933, he wrote an account of the Paris conference entitled Peacemaking, 1919. He was knighted in 1953, as a reward for writing the official biography of George V.

Nicolson and his wife practiced what today we would call an open marriage. Open marriage typically refers to a Marriage in which the partners agree that each may engage in extramarital sexual relationships, without this being regarded as They each had a number of same-sex affairs, and once Harold had to follow Vita to France, where she had 'eloped' with Violet Trefusis, to try to win her back. Violet Trefusis née Keppel ( June 6, 1894 &ndash March 1 1972) was an English Writer and Socialite However, they remained happy together – in fact, they were famously devoted to each other, writing almost every day when they were separated, for example, because of long diplomatic postings abroad. Eventually, he gave up diplomacy, partly so they could live together in England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland They had two sons, Nigel, also a politician and writer, and Benedict, an art historian. Nigel Nicolson OBE ( 19 January 1917 &ndash 23 September 2004) was a British writer publisher and politician (Lionel Benedict Nicolson, MVO ( 6 August 1914 &ndash1978 was a British Art historian and author

In the 1930s, he and his wife acquired and moved to Sissinghurst Castle, in the rural depths of Kent, the county known as the garden of England. The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. The garden at Sissinghurst Castle in the Weald of Kent, near Cranbrook, Goudhurst and Tenterden, is owned and maintained by the National KENT (1400 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Adult Standards/MOR format There they created the renowned gardens that are now run by the National Trust. The National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty, usually known as the National Trust, is a conservation organization in England, Wales

Political career

In 1931, Harold Nicolson joined Sir Oswald Mosley and his recently formed New Party. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Sir Oswald Ernald Mosley 6th Baronet (16 November 1896 &ndash 3 December 1980 was a British Politician, known principally as the founder of the British The New Party was a Political party briefly active in the United Kingdom in the early 1930s He stood unsuccessfully for Parliament in the general election that year and edited the party newspaper. The UK general election on Tuesday 27 October 1931 was the last in the United Kingdom not held on a Thursday Nicolson ceased to support Mosley when the latter formed the British Union of Fascists the following year. The British Union of Fascists (BUF was a Political party in the United Kingdom formed in 1932 by a Labour government minister and former MP Nicolson entered the House of Commons as National Labour Party Member of Parliament for Leicester West in the 1935 election. The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords The National Labour Party was a group founded around the British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald after he was expelled from the Labour Party Leicester West is a Borough constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Results |} Total votes cast 20991488 All parties shown Conservatives include Ulster Unionists Seats won by the Independent Labour Party (ILP are In the latter half of the 1930s he was among a relatively small number of MPs who alerted the country to the threat of Fascism. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology More a follower of Anthony Eden in this regard than of Winston Churchill, he nevertheless was a friend (though not an intimate) of Churchill, and often supported his efforts in the Commons to stiffen British resolve and support rearmament. Robert Anthony Eden 1st Earl of Avon, KG, MC, PC (12 June 1897 &ndash 14 January 1977 was a British Conservative Politician Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 He became Parliamentary Secretary at the Ministry of Information in Churchill's 1940 war time government of national unity, serving under Cabinet member Duff Cooper for approximately a year; thereafter he was a well-respected backbencher, especially on foreign policy issues given his early and prominent diplomatic career. A Parliamentary Secretary is a member of a Parliament in the Westminster system who assists a more senior minister with their duties Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including In the Politics of the United Kingdom, the Cabinet is a formal body composed of the most senior government ministers chosen by the Prime Minister Alfred Duff Cooper 1st Viscount Norwich GCMG DSO PC (22 February 1890-1 January 1954 known as Duff Cooper, was a British diplomat For other meanings see Backbench A backbencher is a Member of Parliament (MP or a legislator who does not hold governmental He lost his seat in the 1945 election. Results |} Total votes cast 24073025 All parties shown Conservative total includes Ulster Unionists Reason for Labour victory Having joined the Labour Party, he stood in the Croydon North by-election in 1948, but lost once again. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Croydon North is a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, covering the north west of the Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Later life and legacy

After Nicolson's last attempt to enter Parliament, he continued with an extensive social schedule and his program of writing, which included books, book reviews, and a weekly column for The Spectator. For other uses see Spectator. The Spectator is a weekly British Magazine first published on 6 July

His youngest son, the publisher and writer Nigel Nicolson, published works by and about his parents, including Portrait of a Marriage (a striking and unusual example of LGBT literature, frankly covering his parents' bisexuality), their correspondence, and Nicolson's diary. LGBT literature is an all encompassing term for Literature produced by people who are Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual or Transgender, or which For other uses of the term 'diary' see Diary (disambiguation. The latter is one of the pre-eminent British diaries of the 20th century and an invaluable source on British political history from 1930 through the 1950s, particularly in regard to the run-up to World War II and the war itself: Nicolson served in high enough echelons to write of the workings of the circles of power and the day-to-day unfolding of great events from, as it were, a medium distance. (His fellow parliamentarian Robert Bernays aptly characterized Nicolson as being ". Robert Hamilton Bernays ( 6 May 1902 &ndash 23 January 1945) was a Liberal Party politician in the United Kingdom. . . a national figure of the second degree. ") It is perhaps his diary, of all of his voluminous oeuvre, for which Harold Nicolson will be most remembered, as the author was variously an acquaintance, associate, friend, or intimate to such figures as Ramsay MacDonald, David Lloyd George, Duff Cooper, Charles de Gaulle, Anthony Eden and Winston Churchill, along with a host of literary and artistic figures. In Fine art, a work of art (or artwork or work) is a creation such as a Song, Book, Film, Video game, James Ramsay MacDonald ( 12 October 1866 &ndash 9 November 1937) was a British politician and twice Prime Minister of the United David Lloyd George 1st Earl Lloyd George of Dwyfor OM, PC (17 January 1863 &ndash 26 March 1945 was a British Statesman and the only Alfred Duff Cooper 1st Viscount Norwich GCMG DSO PC (22 February 1890-1 January 1954 known as Duff Cooper, was a British diplomat Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle ( ( 22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French General and statesman who led the Free French

There is a brown "blue plaque" commemorating him and Vita Sackville-West on their house in Ebury Street, London SW1. In the United Kingdom, a blue plaque is a permanent sign installed in a public place to commemorate a link between that location and a famous person or event Ebury Street is a street in Belgravia, City of Westminster London London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom.

Books

References

See also

Further reading

External links

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by
Ernest Harold Pickering		 Member of Parliament for Leicester West
1935–1945		 Succeeded by
Barnett Janner
Find A Grave is a Website allowing its users to access maintain and expand an online Database of Burial records The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories Ernest Harold Pickering (born 1881 &ndash January 31, 1957) was a Liberal British Member of Parliament for the Leicester A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Leicester West is a Borough constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Results |} Total votes cast 20991488 All parties shown Conservatives include Ulster Unionists Seats won by the Independent Labour Party (ILP are Results |} Total votes cast 24073025 All parties shown Conservative total includes Ulster Unionists Reason for Labour victory Barnett Janner Baron Janner ( 20 June 1892 &ndash 4 May 1982) was a British politician who was elected as a Liberal
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