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Harold L. Ickes served as the Secretary of the Interior for 13 years.
Harold L. Ickes served as the Secretary of the Interior for 13 years. The United States Secretary of the Interior is the head of the United States Department of the Interior.

Harold LeClair Ickes (March 15, 1874 – February 3, 1952) was a United States administrator and politician. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Independent agencies of the United States government are those that exist outside of the departments of the Executive branch. A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person He served as Secretary of the Interior for thirteen years, from 1933 to 1946, and was responsible for implementing much of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's "New Deal". The United States Secretary of the Interior is the head of the United States Department of the Interior. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The New Deal was the name that United States President Franklin D He is the father of Harold M. Ickes, who was deputy Chief of Staff under President Bill Clinton and is an adviser to Senator Hillary Clinton. Harold McEwen Ickes (pronounced Ick-ees (born September 4, 1939) was deputy White House Chief of Staff for President Bill Clinton. William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (born October 26 1947 is the junior United States Senator from

Contents

Early years

Ickes (pronounced IK-ees) was born on a farm near Altoona, Pennsylvania. Altoona is a city in Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States. He moved to Chicago at the age of 16 and attended Englewood High School there. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. After graduating, he worked his way through the University of Chicago, finishing with an B. The University of Chicago is a Private university located principally in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago. A. in 1897. Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common

He first worked as a newspaper reporter for The Chicago Record and later for the Chicago Tribune. The Chicago Tribune is a major daily Newspaper based in Chicago, Illinois, United States, and owned by the Tribune Company He obtained a law degree from the University of Chicago in 1907, but rarely practised. Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Instead, he became active in reform politics.

Politics

Initially a Republican in Chicago, Ickes was never part of the establishment. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. He was unsatisfied with Republican policies and joined Theodore Roosevelt's Bull Moose movement in 1912. Theodore Roosevelt (ˈroʊzəvɛlt October 27 1858 January 6 1919 also known as T The United States Progressive Party of 1912 was a political party created by a split in the Republican Party in the presidential election of 1912. Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting After returning to the Republican fold, he campaigned for progressive Republicans Charles Evans Hughes (1916) and Hiram Johnson (1920 and 1924). Charles Evans Hughes Sr ( April 11, 1862 – August 27, 1948) was a Lawyer and Republican politician from the State Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Hiram Warren Johnson ( September 2, 1866 August 6, 1945) was a leading American progressive and later Isolationist Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

He fought lengthy and legendary battles first with Chicago figures Samuel Insull, the utilities magnate, William Hale Thompson, the mayor, and Robert R. McCormick, the owner of The Chicago Tribune. Samuel Insull ( November 11, 1859 &ndash July 16, 1938) was an Anglo-American Investor based in Chicago who was known William Hale Thompson ( May 14, 1869 – March 18, 1944) was mayor of Chicago from 1915 to 1923 and again from 1927 to 1931 Robert Rutherford McCormick ( July 30, 1880 &ndash April 1, 1955) was a Chicago newspaper baron and owner of the Chicago Later he had an ongoing battle with Thomas E. Dewey, the presidential candidate. Thomas Edmund Dewey ( March 24, 1902 – March 16, 1971) was the Governor of New York (1943-1955 and the unsuccessful Republican

Although locally active in Chicago politics, he was unknown nationally until 1933. As part of this involvement, Ickes was very involved in Chicago's social and political affairs; among his many activities include his work for the City Club of Chicago. The City Club of Chicago ' is a Nonpartisan, Nonprofit membership organization intended to foster civic responsibility promote public issues and provide After Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected president in 1932, he began putting together his cabinet. Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. His advisers thought the Democratic president needed a progressive Republican to attract middle of the road voters. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. He sought out Hiram Johnson, a Republican Senator at the time who had supported Roosevelt in the campaign, but Johnson was uninterested. Johnson did, however, recommend an old ally, Ickes.

Ickes was a strong supporter of both civil rights and civil liberties. thumb| |Broken Liberty Istanbul Archaeology Museum Civil liberties are freedoms that protect the Individual from the Government. He had been the president of the Chicago NAACP, and supported African American contralto Marian Anderson when the Daughters of the American Revolution prohibited her from performing in their DAR Constitution Hall. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, usually abbreviated as NAACP, is one of the oldest and most influential Civil rights organizations African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa This article is related to a series of articles under the main article Voice type. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Marian Anderson (February 27 1897 – April 8 1993 was an American The Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR is a lineage -based membership organization of women dedicated to promoting Historic preservation, Education DAR Constitution Hall is a Concert hall in Washington DC It was built in 1929 by the Daughters of the American Revolution to house its annual convention He also was an outspoken critic of the Japanese American internment during World War II. Japanese American internment refers to the forcible relocation and Internment of approximately 110000 Japanese nationals and Japanese Americans to housing World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Secretary of the Interior

Ickes served simultaneously in several major roles for President Roosevelt. Although he was the Secretary of the Interior, he was better known to the public for other roles in which he served simultaneously. He was the director of the Public Works Administration. The Public Works Administration (PWA, a New Deal government agency headed by Harold Ickes, was created by the National Industrial Recovery Act in June Here he directed billions of dollars of projects designed to lure private investment and provide employment at the depth of the Great Depression. His management of the PWA budget and his opposition to corruption earned him the name "Honest Harold". He regularly presented projects to President Roosevelt for the President's personal approval. Ickes' support of PWA power plants put increased financial pressure on private power companies during the Great Depression, and some historians believe it did more harm than good. He tried to enforce the Raker Act against the city of San Francisco, an act of Congress which specified that because the dam at Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park was on public land, no private profit could be derived from the development. The Paul Raker Act was an act of the United States Congress that permitted building of the O'Shaughnessy Dam and flooding of Hetch Hetchy valley in The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city History The name "Hetch Hetchy" comes from a grass with edible seeds that grows in the valley in the Native American Sierra Miwok language. The city continues selling the power to PG&E which is then resold at a profit. For the 1970s rock music band see Pacific Gas & Electric (band.

After the Hindenburg exploded, Nazi Germany sought to obtain helium to replace the flammable hydrogen in their fleet of dirigibles. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Helium ( He) is a colorless odorless tasteless non-toxic Inert Monatomic Chemical Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Ickes opposed the sale, although practically every other member of the Cabinet supported it, along with the President himself. Ickes would not back down, fearing military use of the dirigible. Germany could not obtain the helium from other sources. Hence, Ickes virtually shut down the German dirigible program himself.

The Saudi Aramco oil corporation, through Secretary of the Interior Ickes, got Roosevelt to agree to Lend-Lease aid to Saudi Arabia, which would involve the U. Saudi Aramco, the state-owned national oil company of Saudi Arabia, is the largest oil corporation in the world and the world's largest in terms of proven crude Lend-Lease (Public Law 77-11 was the name of the program under which the United States of America supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, S. government there and create a shield for the interests of ARAMCO.

Between June and October 1941, during a projected oil shortage, Ickes was successful in issuing orders to close gasoline stations in the Eastern United States between the hours of 7 p. m. and 7 a. m. [1]

The man was a tremendous orator and the only man in the Roosevelt administration who could stand up and answer back John L Lewis of the United Mine Workers. John L Lewis would get on the radio and make a rip roaring devestating speach against the Roosevelt Administration and every one including FDR was afraid to answer him back. FDR always left this task to Ickes who was able to put Lewis in his place with elegantly worded answers. When it came to the spoken word he was up there with the best.

Jewish refugees in Alaska

Main article: Slattery Report

In a news conference on the eve of Thanksgiving, 1938, Ickes proposed offering Alaska as a "haven for Jewish refugees from Germany and other areas in Europe where the Jews are subjected to oppressive restrictions. A report entitled "The Problem of Alaskan Development” produced by the United States Department of the Interior under Secretary Harold L A news conference or press conference is a Media event in which newsmakers invite journalists to hear them speak and most often ask questions Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is a traditional North American Holiday, which is a form of harvest festival. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent In the course of history Jewish populations have been expelled or ostracised by various local authorities and have sought asylum from Antisemitism numerous times " This would bypass normal immigration quotas, because Alaska had not yet become a state. Ickes had, that summer, toured Alaska, meeting with local officials to discuss how to attract greater development to the region, both for economic reasons, and to bolster security in an area so close to Japan and Russia, and developed a plan to attract international professionals, including European Jews. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending In his press conference, he pointed out that 200 families had been relocated from the Dust Bowl to Alaska's Matanuska-Susitna Valley. The Dust Bowl, or the dirty thirties, was a period of severe Dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to American and Matanuska-Susitna Valley (known locally as the the Mat-Su or The Valley) is an area in Southcentral Alaska south of the Alaska Range The Department of the Interior prepared a report detailing the advantages of the plan, which was introduced as a bill by Utah's Senator William H. King and California's Democratic Representative Franck R. Havenner. The State of Utah (ˈjuːtɔː or) is a western state of the United States. William Henry King ( June 3, 1863 &ndash November 27, 1949) was an American lawyer jurist and statesman from Salt Lake City Franck Roberts Havenner ( September 30, 1882 in Sherwood Maryland - July 24, 1967 in San Francisco California) was a six The plan met with little support from American Jewry, however, with the exception of the Labor Zionists of America; most Jews agreed with Rabbi Stephen Samuel Wise of the American Jewish Congress that the plan, if implemented, would deliver "a wrong and hurtful impression . For the American legal scholar please see Steven M Wise. ATTENTION! PLEASE READ BEFORE EDITING The American Jewish Congress describes itself as an association of Jewish Americans organized to defend Jewish interests at home and abroad through public policy advocacy using diplomacy . . that Jews are taking over some part of the country for settlement". The final blow was dealt when President Roosevelt suggested a limit of only 10,000 immigrants a year for five years, with a maximum of only 10% Jews; he later reduced even that limit, and never publicly mentioned the plan. [2][3]

During World War II Ickes told the Congress of American-Soviet Friendship in November 1943, "In certain respects we could do well to learn from Russia; yes, even to imitate Russia. "

Although he stayed on in President Harry S. Truman's cabinet after Roosevelt died in April 1945, he resigned from office within a year. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar In February 1946, Truman nominated Edwin W. Pauley to be Secretary of the Navy. Edwin Wendell Pauley Sr ( January 7, 1903 — July 28, 1981) was an American oilman and political appointee Pauley was the former Democratic Party national treasurer. He once suggested to Ickes that $300,000 in campaign funds could be raised if Ickes would drop his fight for title to oil-rich offshore lands. Ickes wrote a 2,000-word resignation letter, reading in part: "I don't care to stay in an Administration where I am expected to commit perjury for the sake of the party. . . I do not have a reputation for dealing recklessly with the truth. "[4][5][6]

Critiques and battles

Ickes was known for his acerbic wit and took joy in verbal battles. He often took verbal abuse too. For instance, Roosevelt selected Ickes to deliver a response following the nomination of Wendell Willkie. Wendell Lewis Willkie ( February 18 1892 &ndash October 8 1944) was a corporate lawyer in the United States and the Republican In response to Ickes' comments, Senator Styles Bridges called Ickes "a common scold puffed up by high office. Henry Styles Bridges ( September 9 1898 &ndash November 26 1961) was an American teacher editor and Republican Party politician " Republican Congresswoman Clare Boothe Luce once famously remarked that Ickes had "the mind of a commissar and the soul of a meataxe. Clare Boothe Luce ( 10 April 1903, New York City &ndash 9 October 1987, Washington DC) was an American "

In September 1944, Thomas E. Dewey, the Republican nominee for president, promised to fire Ickes if elected. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Thomas Edmund Dewey ( March 24, 1902 – March 16, 1971) was the Governor of New York (1943-1955 and the unsuccessful Republican Ickes penned a letter of resignation to Dewey and it was widely printed in the press. Ickes wrote, in part:

Hence, I hereby resign as Secretary of the Interior effective, if, as and when the incredible comes to pass and you become the President of the United States. However, as a candidate for that office you should have known the primary school fact that the Cabinet of an outgoing President automatically retires with its chief.

Family

He married Anna Wilmarth Thompson in 1911. Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year She died in an automobile accident on August 31, 1935. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He married Jane Dahlman, who was 25 to his 64 at the time, on May 24, 1938. Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He had one son, Raymond, by his first wife and two children by his second wife: Harold McEwen Ickes and Elizabeth Jane. Harold McEwen Ickes (pronounced Ick-ees (born September 4, 1939) was deputy White House Chief of Staff for President Bill Clinton. He also had a foster son, Robert Harold Ickes, born in 1913. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Name

Asked how to say his name, he told The Literary Digest "I think you come as close as anybody when you suggest that it rhymes with sickness with the n omitted. The Literary Digest was an influential general-interest weekly Magazine in the early 20th century United States, published by Funk and Wagnalls The e is halfway between a short e and short u": hence, ick'iss, with second i as in habit. (Charles Earle Funk, What's the Name, Please?, Funk & Wagnalls, 1936. Funk & Wagnalls is a Publisher based in New York City known for its reference works including an Encyclopedia, content from which became a part of )

In fiction

Books

By Ickes

About Ickes

References

  1. ^ Current Biography 1941, p 426
  2. ^ 'Alaska wants no misfits', Anchorage Daily News, May 19, 1999
  3. ^ A Thanksgiving plan to save Europe’s Jews, Raphael Medoff, The Jewish Standard, November 16, 2007
  4. ^ [1] 1946, February 13. The Anchorage Daily News is a daily Newspaper based in Anchorage Alaska, in the United States. Resignation speech. United States National Archives and Records Administration, The Crucial Decade: Voices of the Postwar Era, 1945-1954, Select Audiovisual Records
  5. ^ [2]Ickes Resigns Post, Berating Truman in Acid Farewell; Mr. Ickes says Good-by, The New York Times, February 14, 1946, Thomas J. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Hamilton
  6. ^ [3]Text of Secretary Ickes' Letter of Resignation to the President Ending 13 Years in Office, The New York Times, February 14, 1946

External links

Preceded by
Ray Lyman Wilbur		 United States Secretary of the Interior
1933–1946		 Succeeded by
Julius Krug
Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Paul Raker Act was an act of the United States Congress that permitted building of the O'Shaughnessy Dam and flooding of Hetch Hetchy valley in Ray Lyman Wilbur ( April 13, 1875 &ndash June 26, 1949) was a Medical doctor, the 3rd President of Stanford University, and The United States Secretary of the Interior is the head of the United States Department of the Interior. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Julius Albert Krug ( November 23, 1907 &ndash March 26, 1970) was a U
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