| Harold B. Lee | |
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| Full name | Harold Bingham Lee |
| Born | March 28, 1899 |
| Place of birth | Clifton, Idaho |
| Died | December 26, 1973 (aged 74) |
| Place of death | Salt Lake City, Utah |
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| Ordained | July 7, 1972 (aged 73) |
| Predecessor | Joseph Fielding Smith |
| Successor | Spencer W. Kimball |
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| Called by | Heber J. Grant |
| Ordained | April 10, 1941 (aged 42) |
| Reason for ordination | Death of Reed Smoot |
| End of term | December 26, 1973 (aged 74) |
| Reason for end of term | Death |
| Reorganization at end of term | L. Tom Perry ordained |
Harold Bingham Lee (March 28, 1899 – December 26, 1973) was eleventh president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from July 1972 until his death. Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate. Year 1899 ( MDCCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Clifton is a city in Franklin County, Idaho, United States. The population was 213 at the 2000 census. The State of Idaho ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States of America. Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Salt Lake City is the Capital and the most populous city of the U The State of Utah (ˈjuːtɔː or) is a western state of the United States. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the fourth largest Christian denomination in the United States and the largest and most well-known In the Latter Day Saint movement, the President of the Church is generally considered to be the highest office of the church Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Joseph Fielding Smith Jr ( July 19, 1876 &ndash July 2, 1972) was the tenth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Spencer Woolley Kimball ( March 28, 1895 – November 5, 1985) was the twelfth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the fourth largest Christian denomination in the United States and the largest and most well-known Heber Jeddy Grant ( November 22, 1856 &ndash May 14, 1945) was the seventh president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Reed Smoot ( January 10, 1862 – February 9, 1941) was a native-born Utahn that served in the United States Senate Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Lowell Tom Perry (born August 5 1922) is a senior member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate. Year 1899 ( MDCCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. In the Latter Day Saint movement, the President of the Church is generally considered to be the highest office of the church The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the fourth largest Christian denomination in the United States and the largest and most well-known Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Contents |
Early life
Lee was born in Clifton, Idaho to Samuel Lee and Louisa Bingham and was the second of six children. Clifton is a city in Franklin County, Idaho, United States. The population was 213 at the 2000 census. The Lee family lived the rural life and Harold and his siblings spent most of their youth doing farm chores. During his childhood, his mother saved him from several near-death experiences. When he was eight, he was sent to get a can of lye from the shelf and spilled the deadly product all over himself. Sodium hydroxide ( Na[[hydroxide OH]]) also known as Lye, caustic soda and (incorrectly according to IUPAC nomenclature His mother opened a vat of pickled beets and poured cup after cup of the red vinegar all over him, which neutralized the lye. When Harold was a teen, he punctured an artery on a broken bottle. Arteries are Blood vessels that carry blood away from the Heart. His mother cleaned it, but it became badly infected. She burned a black stocking to ashes and rubbed it in the open wound and it soon healed.
Lee was fortunate to receive a good education. He finished eighth grade at a grammar school in Clifton and his parents allowed him to continue his education at Oneida Stake Academy in Preston, Idaho. Preston is a city in Franklin County, Idaho, United States. The population was 4682 at the 2000 census. Lee focused on music the first few years and played the alto, French, and baritone horns. Althorn redirects here For the village in Essex see Althorne. The baritone horn, or simply baritone, is a member of the brass family of instruments Later, he played basketball and was a reporter for the school newspaper. Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m He graduated in the spring of 1916. Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year
The summer following his graduation Lee worked to receive his teaching certificate from Albion State Normal School at Albion, Idaho. Albion is a city in Cassia County, Idaho, United States. It is part of the Burley Idaho Micropolitan Statistical Area. After two summers of study in 1916 and 1917, Lee passed the state's fifteen-subject test to receive his second- and third-class certificates. Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year
Lee held his first teaching position in the fall of 1916. He taught a class of 25 students, grades one to eight, in Weston, Idaho. Weston is a city in Franklin County, Idaho, United States. The population was 425 at the 2000 census. His salary was $60 a month. When he was eighteen, he became principal of a school in Oxford, Idaho. Oxford is a city in Franklin County, Idaho, United States. The population was 53 at the 2000 census.
In September 1920, the President of the LDS Church, Heber J. Grant, called Lee on a mission to the western states, with headquarters in Denver, Colorado. In the Latter Day Saint movement, the President of the Church is generally considered to be the highest office of the church Heber Jeddy Grant ( November 22, 1856 &ndash May 14, 1945) was the seventh president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church is one of the most active modern practitioners of Missionary work with over 50000 full-time missionaries The City and County of Denver (pronounced /ˈdɛnvɚ/ is the Capital and the most populous city of Colorado, in the United States He was twenty-one and served until December 1922. Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
Marriages
While on his mission, Lee met a sister missionary from Utah, Fern Lucinda Tanner. The State of Utah (ˈjuːtɔː or) is a western state of the United States. They renewed their acquaintance when they returned from their missions and were married on November 14, 1923 in the Salt Lake Temple. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Salt Lake Temple is the largest (of more than 120 and best-known temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Tanner died in 1962 and on June 17, 1963 Lee married Freda Joan Jensen, a former mission companion's girlfriend who had never married. Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Service in the LDS Church
In 1930 Lee was challenged by a calling as president of the LDS Church's Pioneer Stake in Salt Lake City, because the 1929 Great Depression in the United States left more than half of its members without jobs. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A stake is an administrative unit composed of multiple congregations in denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement. A stake is an administrative unit composed of multiple congregations in denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement. Salt Lake City is the Capital and the most populous city of the U Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He established a welfare program to aid members in distress that became a model emulated by the entire LDS Church. As part of the program, he helped organize the Pioneer Stake bishop's storehouse in 1932. A bishop's storehouse (also known as the Lord's storehouse) in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church usually refers to a commodity resource Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. The storehouse provided members with basic food necessities. Bishop's storehouses are still part of the Church Welfare Program today. A bishop's storehouse (also known as the Lord's storehouse) in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church usually refers to a commodity resource In 1936 Lee became managing director of the Church Welfare Program. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Although he also pursued a political career, he began full-time work for the church when he was called to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in 1941. Quorum of the TwelveIn The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (also known as the Quorum of the Twelve, the Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
From the time he became an apostle, Lee's eventual succession to the church presidency was seen as largely inevitable, as he was almost twenty years younger than any other apostle and succession to the presidency traditionally relies on length of service among the Twelve. Spencer W. Kimball and Ezra Taft Benson soon became apostles as well, followed by Mark E. Petersen in 1944, but Lee was the senior member of the new generation. Spencer Woolley Kimball ( March 28, 1895 – November 5, 1985) was the twelfth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Ezra Taft Benson ( August 4, 1899 &ndash May 30, 1994) was the thirteenth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Mark Edward Petersen ( November 7, 1900 &ndash January 11, 1984) was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Under church president David O. McKay, Lee became the intellectual leader of the church to some extent, as McKay was ailing and First Counselor Henry D. Moyle lacked the confidence of the apostles and died in 1963, effectively exiled to Florida. David Oman McKay ( September 8, 1873 &ndash January 18, 1970) was the ninth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Henry Dinwoodey Moyle ( April 22, 1889 &ndash September 18, 1963) was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and the Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the In this time Lee headed the Priesthood Correlation Committee which pioneered the worldwide coordination of church activities and materials. In The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the Priesthood Correlation Program (also called the Correlation Program or simply Correlation)
It was Lee who blocked the LDS Church from rescinding the Negro doctrine in 1969, a move favored by Hugh B. Brown. From the end of the nineteenth century until 1978 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints did not allow black men of African descent to be ordained to Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Hugh Brown Brown ( October 24, 1883 &ndash December 2, 1975) was an attorney educator and author and a member of the Quorum of the Twelve In 1969, after McKay's health failed, and some others within the church leadership thought the doctrinal basis for the exclusion of people of African ancestry from the priesthood was shaky, the remaining First Presidency and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (minus Harold B. The term black people usually refers to a racial group of Humans with dark Skin color, but the term has also been used to categorise a number of diverse See also Priesthood (Latter Day Saints In The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the largest denomination of the Latter Day Saint movement, First Presidency The First Presidency (also called the Quorum of the Presidency of the Church or simply the Presidency) is the presiding or governing authority Quorum of the TwelveIn The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (also known as the Quorum of the Twelve, the Lee, who was traveling) voted to rescind the racial exclusion policy; however, that vote was reversed when Lee returned and called for a re-vote, arguing that the policy could not be changed without a revelation. [1]
When McKay died in 1970 Joseph Fielding Smith became church president and Lee was called as First Counselor in the First Presidency. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Joseph Fielding Smith Jr ( July 19, 1876 &ndash July 2, 1972) was the tenth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day First Presidency The First Presidency (also called the Quorum of the Presidency of the Church or simply the Presidency) is the presiding or governing authority He continued to gain practical experience for what was expected to be a long presidency of his own, he being decades younger than Smith.
However, Lee's presidency proved one of the briefest in the history of the church, lasting from Smith's death in July 1972 to Lee's sudden fatal heart attack in December 1973. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. It was Spencer W. Kimball, exactly four years Lee's senior and seen as in worse health, who would lead the church for the next dozen years and oversee the church's admittance of blacks to the priesthood. From the end of the nineteenth century until 1978 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints did not allow black men of African descent to be ordained to
After his death, a statue of Lee was dedicated at his birthplace. Brigham Young University also honored the former church president by renaming its library after him. The 665,000-square-foot Harold B. Lee Library is one of the largest libraries in the western United States and contains 98 miles of shelving. The Harold B Lee Library ( HBLL) located in Provo Utah, is the main Academic library of Brigham Young University, the largest religious
Works
- Lee, Harold B. (1974). Stand Ye in Holy Places: Selected Sermons and Writings of President Harold B. Lee. Deseret Book.
- —— (1996). in Clyde J. Williams: Teachings of Harold B. Lee, Eleventh President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Bookcraft.
- —— (1974). Ye Are the Light of the World: Selected Sermons and Writings of President Harold B. Lee. Deseret Book.
- —— (1945). Youth and the Church (retitled Decisions for Successful Living). Deseret News.
- —— (2000). Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Harold B. Teachings of Presidents of the Church is a series of books published by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Lee. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. LDS Church publication number 35892.
Notes
- ^ Quinn, Michael D. The Mormon Hierarchy: Extensions of Power Salt Lake City: 1994 Signature Books Page 14
References
- Church Educational System (2005). Presidents of the Church: Student Manual. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. pp. 177-193.
External links
| Preceded by Joseph Fielding Smith |
President of the LDS Church July 7, 1972–December 26, 1973 |
Succeeded by Spencer W. Kimball |
| Preceded by Joseph Fielding Smith |
President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles January 23, 1970–July 7, 1972 |
Succeeded by Spencer W. Kimball |
| Preceded by Sylvester Q. Cannon |
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles October 7, 1943–July 7, 1972 |
Succeeded by Spencer W. Kimball |
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