| Field Marshal The Right Honourable The Earl Alexander of Tunis KG, OM, GCB, GCMG, CSI, DSO, MC, PC, PC (Can) |
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| In office 12 April 1946 – 28 February 1952 |
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| Monarch | George VI, Elizabeth II |
| Prime Minister | William Lyon Mackenzie King Louis St. Laurent |
| Preceded by | Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone |
| Succeeded by | Vincent Massey |
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| Born | 10 December 1891 London, United Kingdom |
| Died | 16 June 1969 (aged 77) Slough, United Kingdom[1] |
| Spouse | Margaret Alexander, Countess Alexander of Tunis |
| Profession | Soldier |
| Religion | Anglican |
| Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis | |
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| Allegiance |  United Kingdom Canada |
| Service/branch |  British Army |
| Years of service | 1911 - death |
| Rank | Field Marshal |
| Commands held | 1st Battalion, Irish Guards (1915 - temporary) 2nd Battalion, Irish Guards (1917) 4 Guards Brigade (Mar 1918 - temporary) X Corps School (Oct 1918) Baltische Landeswehr (Jul 1919 - Mar 1920) 1st Battalion, Irish Guards (1922) Nowshera Brigade, India (13 Oct 1934 - 14 Jan 1938) 1st Infantry Division (17 Feb 1938 - 7 Jun 1940) I Corps (8 Jun 1940 - 14 Dec 1940) Southern Command (UK) (15 Dec 1940 - 26 Feb 1942) Army in Burma (5 Mar 1942 - 6 Aug 1942) Commander-in-Chief, Middle East (7 Aug 1942 - 18 Feb 1943) 18th Army Group (19 Feb 1943 - 14 May 1943) 15th Army Group/Allied Central Mediterranean Force/Allied Armies in Italy (10 Jul 1943 - 11 Dec 1944) Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean Theatre (12 Dec 1944 - 29 Sep 1945) |
| Battles/wars | World War I Latvian War of Independence World War II |
| Awards | KG (3 Dec 1946) OM (1 Jan 1959) GCB (11 Nov 1942) KCB (1942) CB (1938) GCMG (1946) CSI (7 Feb 1936) DSO (1916) MC (14 Jan 1916) MID (4 Jan 1917, 27 Dec 1918, 8 Jul 1919, 3 Feb 1920, 7 Feb 1936, 8 May 1936, 20 Dec 1940, 28 Oct 1942) LM (10 Aug 1943) PC (1952) PC (Canada) (1952) Legion of Honour 5th class Order of St. Anna, 2nd Class, with swords Order of Suvorov, 1st Class (29 Feb 1944) Grand Cross, Order of King George 1st (20 Jun 1944) Virtuti Militari, Vth Class (7 Dec 1944) DSM (United States) (2 Aug 1945) |
| Other work | Minister of Defence (Mar 1952 - Oct 1954) |
Field Marshal Harold Rupert Leofric George Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis KG OM GCB GCMG CSI DSO MC PC (Can) PC (UK) (10 December 1891–16 June 1969) was a British military commander and field marshal, notably during the Second World War as the commander of the 15th Army Group. Please see " Field Marshal " for other countries which use this rank Field Marshal is the highest military rank of the United Kingdom The Right Honourable (abbreviated as The Rt Hon) is an Honorific prefix that is traditionally applied to certain The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an Order of chivalry, or Knighthood, originating in Medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients The Order of Merit is a British and Commonwealth Order bestowed by the Monarch. The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly The Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath) is a British Order of chivalry founded by George The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George Prince Regent (later George The article is about the order of chivalry known as "Star of India" The Distinguished Service Order ( DSO) is a Military decoration of the United Kingdom, and formerly of other Commonwealth countries awarded for The Military Cross ( MC) is the third level Military decoration awarded to officers and (since 1993 other ranks of the British Army and formerly also to Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British Sovereign. The Queen's Privy Council for Canada (QPC (Conseil privé de la Reine pour le Canada (CPR sometimes called Her Majesty's Privy Council for Canada or the Privy Council The Governor General of Canada ( French: Gouverneure générale du Canada, or: Gouverneur général du Canada) is the vice-regal representative Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II William Lyon Mackenzie King PC OM CMG ( December 17, 1874 – July 22, 1950) was a Canadian Louis Stephen St-Laurent PC CC QC ( Saint-Laurent or St-Laurent in French, baptized Louis-Étienne Major-General Alexander Augustus Frederick William Alfred George Cambridge 1st Earl of Athlone KG GCB GCMG GCVO Charles Vincent Massey PC CC CH CD FRSC ( February 20, 1887 – December 30, Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Slough ( ˈslaʊ is a Borough and Unitary authority within the ceremonial county of Berkshire, England. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Margaret Alexander Countess Alexander of Tunis GBE ( 16 September 1905 &ndash 30 January 1960) born Lady Margaret Bingham An officer is a member of an armed force who holds a position of authority Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. Please see " Field Marshal " for other countries which use this rank Field Marshal is the highest military rank of the United Kingdom The Irish Guards ( Irish: Garda na hÉireann) (IG part of the Guards Division, is a Foot Guards Regiment of the British Baltische Landeswehr ("Baltic Land Defence" was the name of the unified Armed forces of The United Baltic Duchy from November 1918 to July 3 The Irish Guards ( Irish: Garda na hÉireann) (IG part of the Guards Division, is a Foot Guards Regiment of the British History The 1st Infantry Division was a regular British Army division with a long history having been present at the Peninsula War, the Crimean War The I Corps was a military formation, specifically a field corps headquarters of the British Army A commander-in-chief is the Commander of a nation's Military forces or significant element of those forces 18th Army Group was an Allied formation in World War II. It was formed in early 1943 when British Eighth Army advancing from the east and British First Allied Armies in Italy, commanded by Field Marshal Sir Harold Alexander, was the title of the highest Allied field headquarters in Italy during the middle Allied Armies in Italy, commanded by Field Marshal Sir Harold Alexander, was the title of the highest Allied field headquarters in Italy during the middle Supreme Allied Commander is the title held by the most senior commander within certain multinational military alliances The African Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre of World War II encompasses naval land and air campaigns between Allied and Axis forces World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Latvian War of Independence, sometimes called the Latvian War of Liberation (Latvijas brīvības cīņas literally the "Struggles for Latvia's freedom" or World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an Order of chivalry, or Knighthood, originating in Medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients The Order of Merit is a British and Commonwealth Order bestowed by the Monarch. The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly The Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath) is a British Order of chivalry founded by George The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George Prince Regent (later George The article is about the order of chivalry known as "Star of India" The Distinguished Service Order ( DSO) is a Military decoration of the United Kingdom, and formerly of other Commonwealth countries awarded for The Military Cross ( MC) is the third level Military decoration awarded to officers and (since 1993 other ranks of the British Army and formerly also to Mentioned in Despatches (MID is a Military award for gallantry or otherwise commendable service The Legion of Merit is a military decoration of the United States armed forces that is awarded for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding A privy council is a body that advises the Head of state of a nation on how to exercise their executive authority, typically but not always in the context of a The Order of St Anna (or "Order of Saint Ann" Орден святой Анны was a Holstein and then Russian Order of chivalry established The Order of Suvorov ( Russian Орден Суворова is a Soviet award named after Aleksandr Suvorov (1729-1800 that was established on July The Order of George I was formerly an order of Greece named after King George I of Greece. The Order Virtuti Militari ( Latin for "For Military Virtue" is Poland 's highest Military decoration for valor in the face of The Distinguished Service Medal is the highest non-valorous military and civilian decoration of the United States of America military which is issued for exceptionally meritorious The post of Minister of Defence was responsible for co-ordination of defence and security from its creation in 1940 until its abolition in 1964. Please see " Field Marshal " for other countries which use this rank Field Marshal is the highest military rank of the United Kingdom The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an Order of chivalry, or Knighthood, originating in Medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients The Order of Merit is a British and Commonwealth Order bestowed by the Monarch. The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly The Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath) is a British Order of chivalry founded by George The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George Prince Regent (later George The article is about the order of chivalry known as "Star of India" The Distinguished Service Order ( DSO) is a Military decoration of the United Kingdom, and formerly of other Commonwealth countries awarded for The Military Cross ( MC) is the third level Military decoration awarded to officers and (since 1993 other ranks of the British Army and formerly also to The Queen's Privy Council for Canada (QPC (Conseil privé de la Reine pour le Canada (CPR sometimes called Her Majesty's Privy Council for Canada or the Privy Council Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British Sovereign. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Please see " Field Marshal " for other countries which use this rank Field Marshal is the highest military rank of the United Kingdom World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including He later served as the last British Governor General of Canada. The Governor General of Canada ( French: Gouverneure générale du Canada, or: Gouverneur général du Canada) is the vice-regal representative
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Background and family
The third son of the 4th Earl of Caledon and the former Lady Elizabeth Graham-Toler, a daughter of the 3rd Earl of Norbury, he was born in London and educated at Harrow School and the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. James Alexander 4th Earl of Caledon ( 11 July 1846 - 27 April 1898) was a soldier and politician and the son of James Du Pre Alexander Earl of Norbury, in the County of Tipperary, is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst ( RMAS) commonly known simply as Sandhurst, is the British Army officer initial training centre Alexander was the 11th batsman in the famous Fowler Match between Eton and Harrow in 1910. Eton College, or just Eton, is a world-famous British Independent school for boys founded in 1440 by King Henry VI. [2]
In 1931, Alexander married Lady Margaret Diana Bingham, GBE DStJ, younger daughter of George Bingham, 5th Earl of Lucan. The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. The Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem or Order of St John is a British -based royal order of Chivalry, and is Colonel George Charles Bingham 5th Earl of Lucan GCVO, KBE, CB, PC, TD, DL ( 13 December 1860 &ndash The couple had two sons and two daughters (of which, one was an adopted daughter).
Early career
He was commissioned into the Irish Guards in 1911. The Irish Guards ( Irish: Garda na hÉireann) (IG part of the Guards Division, is a Foot Guards Regiment of the British During the First World War, Alexander's battalion formed a part of the original British Expeditionary Force (BEF), in which he was a 22-year-old lieutenant and platoon commander. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The British Expeditionary Force ( BEF) was the British army sent to the Western Front in France and Belgium on the outbreak of
Alexander became the youngest lieutenant-colonel in the British Army during the war, and when the Great War ended he was in temporary command of a brigade. The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. He served on the Western Front and was wounded twice in four years of fighting. Following the outbreak of World War I in 1914 the German army opened the Western Front by first invading Luxembourg and Belgium, then gaining He received the Military Cross in 1915, the Distinguished Service Order in 1916, and the Legion of Honour, and by 1918 was an acting brigadier. The Military Cross ( MC) is the third level Military decoration awarded to officers and (since 1993 other ranks of the British Army and formerly also to The Distinguished Service Order ( DSO) is a Military decoration of the United Kingdom, and formerly of other Commonwealth countries awarded for This article refers to the military rank For the Doctor Who character known as the Brigadier see Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart. Rudyard Kipling, who wrote a history of the Irish Guards in which his own son fought and was killed, noted that, "It is undeniable that Colonel Alexander had the gift of handling the men on the lines to which they most readily responded . Joseph Rudyard Kipling (30 December 1865 – 18 January 1936 was an English Author and poet . . his subordinates loved him, even when he fell upon them blisteringly for their shortcomings; and his men were all his own. "
In 1919 - 1920 Alexander led the Baltic German Landeswehr in the Latvian War of Independence, commanding units loyal to the Republic of Latvia in the successful drive to eject the Bolsheviks from Latgale. The Baltic Germans (Deutschbalten or Baltendeutsche) were mostly ethnically German inhabitants of the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, which today Baltische Landeswehr ("Baltic Land Defence" was the name of the unified Armed forces of The United Baltic Duchy from November 1918 to July 3 The Latvian War of Independence, sometimes called the Latvian War of Liberation (Latvijas brīvības cīņas literally the "Struggles for Latvia's freedom" or Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. The Iskolat (Исколат an abbreviation for Executive Committee of the Soviet of Workers Soldiers and the Landless in Latvia, Исполнительный комитет Latgale or Latgalia (Latgale Latgale language: Latgolā) is one of the four cultural regions of Latvia recognised in the Constitution [3] He later served in Turkey and Gibraltar before returning to England and the Staff College, Camberley and the Imperial Defence College. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Gibraltar (dʒɨˈbrɒltər is a British overseas territory located near the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar Staff College Camberley, Surrey, is a training college for the British Army. In 1937 he was promoted to major-general. Major General or Major-General is a Military rank used in many countries
World War II
Alexander joined the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), as commander of the 1st Infantry Division, in France in 1939. The British Expeditionary Force ( BEF) was the British army sent to the Western Front in France and Belgium on the outbreak of History The 1st Infantry Division was a regular British Army division with a long history having been present at the Peninsula War, the Crimean War After successfully leading his division's withdrawal to Dunkirk in late May 1940 he was appointed to command I Corps on the beachhead shortly after Bernard Montgomery had been appointed to command II Corps. The Battle of Dunkirk was the defense and evacuation of the British and Allied forces that had been separated from the main body of the French defenses by the German advance The I Corps was a military formation, specifically a field corps headquarters of the British Army Field Marshal Bernard Law Montgomery 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, KG, GCB, DSO, PC, (məntˈgʌmərɪ əv ˈæləmeɪn The British II Corps was formed in both World War I and World War II. He left the beach in the early hours of 3 June having ensured that all British troops had been picked up. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering [4][5] For the rest of 1940 and 1941 he held commands equivalent to corps and then army in mainland Britain, before being sent to Burma, commanding what was later to be the Fourteenth Army at the beginning of that campaign. The Burma Campaign in the South-East Asian Theatre of World War II was fought primarily between British Commonwealth, Chinese and United The British Fourteenth Army was a multinational force comprising units from Commonwealth countries during World War II. In August 1942 Winston Churchill sent him, as Commander-in-Chief Middle East, and under him Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery as General Officer Commanding Eighth Army, to North Africa to replace General Claude Auchinleck who had held both positions. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 Field Marshal Bernard Law Montgomery 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, KG, GCB, DSO, PC, (məntˈgʌmərɪ əv ˈæləmeɪn The Eighth Army was one of the best-known formations in World War II, fighting in the North African and Italian campaigns It was a British Field Marshal Sir Claude John Eyre Auchinleck, GCB, GCIE, CSI, DSO, OBE (21 June 1884 &ndash 23 March 1981 nicknamed He presided over Montgomery's victory at the Second Battle of El Alamein. The Second Battle of El Alamein marked a major turning point in the Western Desert Campaign of World War II. After the Anglo-American forces from Torch and the Eighth Army met in Tunisia in January 1943, he became deputy to Dwight Eisenhower, the Supreme Allied Commander in the Mediterranean. Operation Torch (initially called Operation Gymnast) was the British - American invasion of French North Africa in World War II Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general
Alexander was very popular with both US and British officers, and was Eisenhower's preference for the ground command of D-Day, but Field Marshal Alan Brooke applied pressure to keep him in Italy, considering him unfit for the assignment. Field Marshal Alan Francis Brooke 1st Viscount Alanbrooke KG, GCB, OM, GCVO, DSO (23 July 1883 &ndash 17 June 1963 was Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Alexander remained in Italy as commander of the 15th Army Group, with the US Fifth Army and British Eighth Army under his command. The United States Army North, formerly known as the Fifth United States Army was a field army of the United States Army. The Eighth Army was one of the best-known formations in World War II, fighting in the North African and Italian campaigns It was a British
Montgomery, who was both a long-time friend and subordinate of Alexander in Sicily and Italy, said of him, "Alexander. The Allied invasion of Sicily, codenamed Operation Husky, was a major World War II campaign in which the Allies took Sicily from the Axis . . . is not a strong commander. . . the higher art of war is quite beyond him. " He advised his US counterparts, Mark Clark and George S. Patton, to ignore any orders from Alexander with which they did not agree. Mark Wayne Clark ( May 1, 1896 – April 17, 1984) was an American general during World War II and the Korean War For the 19th century Scottish jurist/politician see George Patton Lord Glenalmond.
In 1943 the Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, proposed to make the Irish aristocrat Alexander a Knight in the Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 The Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick is a British Order of chivalry associated with Ireland. The Commonwealth Office advised against it and Alexander was made a Viscount in the Peerage of the United Kingdom instead. The Peerage of the United Kingdom comprises most Peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Act of Union in 1801 when
His forces captured Rome in June 1944, thereby achieving one of the strategic goals of the Italian campaign. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 The Italian Campaign of World War II was the name of Allied operations in and around Italy, from 1943 to the end of the war. However, US Fifth Army forces at Anzio, under Clark's orders, failed to follow their original breakout plan that would have trapped the German forces escaping northwards. Operation Shingle ( January 22, 1944) during the Italian Campaign of World War II, was an Allied amphibious landing against At the end of 1944 Alexander was promoted to field marshal, his promotion being backdated to the fall of Rome, on 4 June 1944, so that he would once again become senior to Montgomery, who had been made a field marshal earlier in the year, on 1 September 1944, after the end of the Battle of Normandy. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Alexander received the German surrender in Italy on 29 April 1945. Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar
Post-war
Sir Harold Alexander was created Viscount Alexander of Tunis, of Errigal in the County of Donegal, in 1946 for his leadership in North Africa and Italy. In December 1946 he was made a Knight of the Garter and was created Baron Rideau, of Ottawa and of Castle Derg in the County of Tyrone, and Earl Alexander of Tunis in 1952. The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an Order of chivalry, or Knighthood, originating in Medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients
Governor General of Canada
Alexander was Governor General of Canada (1946–1952), and was a popular choice among the Canadian population. The Governor General of Canada ( French: Gouverneure générale du Canada, or: Gouverneur général du Canada) is the vice-regal representative Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page In addition to his military reputation, Alexander had a charismatic gift for making friends and communicating with people. This made him a popular and successful Governor General. He took his duties seriously—indeed, when he was asked to kick the opening ball in the 1946 Grey Cup final, he spent a number of early mornings practising. The Grey Cup (in Coupe Grey is both the name of the championship of the Canadian Football League (CFL and the name of the trophy awarded to the victorious team
He saw his role as a vital link between Canadians and their head of State, and was eager to convey that message wherever he went. He travelled Canada extensively, eventually logging more than 294,500 kilometres (184,000 miles) during his five years as Governor General.
On his first major visit to western Canada, he was presented on 13 July 1946 with a totem pole made by Kwakiutl carver Mungo Martin, to mark his installation as an Honorary Chief of the Kwakiutl, the first white man to be so honoured. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Totem poles are monumental Sculptures carved from great Trees usually cedar but mostly Western Redcedar, by a number of Indigenous cultures along The term Kwakiutl was usually applied to a group of indigenous peoples of northern Vancouver Island, Queen Charlotte Strait and the Johnstone Strait The totem pole remains a popular attraction on the front lawn of Rideau Hall. Rideau Hall is since 1867, the Official residence of the Governor General of Canada, and of the monarch of Canada when in Ottawa. During a later visit in 1950, he was made Chief Eagle Head of the Blackfoot First Nations. The Blackfoot Confederacy or Niitsítapi (meaning "original people" c
Alexander's term - the post-WWII years - was an era of change for Canada. The post-war economy boomed in Canada, and a new prosperity began. In Letters Patent of 1947, King George VI allowed the Governor General to exercise almost all of His Majesty's powers and authorities in respect of Canada on the King's behalf. The document continues to be the source of the Governor General's powers today. In 1949, at the Commonwealth Prime Ministers Conference, the decision was made to use the term "member of the Commonwealth" instead of "Dominion".
That same year, Newfoundland entered Confederation, and Alexander visited the new province that summer. Newfoundland and Labrador (ˈnuːfɨn(dlənd ən(d ˈlæbrəˌdɔr (Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador is a province of Canada, the tenth and latest to join the Confederation Canadian Confederation was the process by which the federal Dominion of Canada was formed beginning 1 July 1867 from the But by 1950, Canada was once again embroiled in war, as Canadian forces fought in Korea against communist North Korea and the People's Republic of China. Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Alexander visited the troops heading overseas to give them his personal encouragement.
Alexander hosted various dignitaries, including Princess Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh, who came to Canada for a Royal Tour in October 1951, less than two years before the Princess became Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada. For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II TalkCommonewalth realm.-->The monarchy of Lord and Lady Alexander hosted a square dancing party which the Princess and the Duke attended. Alexander also travelled abroad on official trips, visiting President Truman in the United States in 1947, and paying a State visit to Brazil in June 1948. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld
Generally, though, Lord and Lady Alexander led an informal lifestyle. He was an avid sportsman, enjoying fishing, golf, ice hockey and rugby. For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team Sport played on Ice. Rugby football (usually just " rugby " may refer to a number of sports through history descended from a common form of Football developed at Rugby School Fond of the outdoors, he enjoyed attending the harvest of maple syrup in Ontario and Quebec, and personally supervised the tapping of the maple trees on the grounds of Rideau Hall. Maple syrup is a sweetener made from the sap of Maple trees In Canada and the United States it is most often eaten with waffles and pancakes Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Acer ( maple) is a Genus of Trees or Shrubs They are variously classified in a family of their own the Aceraceae, or He was also a passionate painter, and in addition to setting up a studio for himself in the former dairy which still stands today at Rideau Hall, he organised art classes at the National Gallery of Canada. The National Gallery of Canada ( Musée des beaux arts du Canada) located in the capital city Ottawa Ontario, is one of Canada 's premier Art Lady Alexander became an expert weaver while in Canada, and had two looms in her study.
Alexander encouraged education in Canada. Many Canadian universities gave him honorary degrees, and he was also appointed an Honorary Doctor of Laws by Harvard and Princeton Universities in the United States. Princeton University is a private Coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey.
Later career
In early 1952, after his term was extended twice, Lord Alexander left the office of Governor General, after Sir Winston Churchill, the British Prime Minister, asked him to return to London to take the post of Minister of Defence, after Sir Winston Churchill had found that age and infirmity made it hard for him to perform both jobs as he had done during the Second World War. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom A defence minister (or defense minister) is a Cabinet position which regulates the Armed forces in some sovereign nations Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 He was temporarily replaced by an administrator (Chief Justice Thibaudeau Rinfret) prior to the appointment of diplomat Vincent Massey as the new Governor General. Thibaudeau Rinfret, PC ( June 22, 1879 &ndash July 25, 1962) was a Canadian jurist and Chief Justice of Canada Charles Vincent Massey PC CC CH CD FRSC ( February 20, 1887 – December 30,
At that time, each of the three armed forces was still run by a separate department and represented by a separate minister in the Cabinet, with the Minister of Defence as a co-ordinator; Churchill tried unsuccessfully to have other departments co-ordinated by such "overlords". A defence minister (or defense minister) is a Cabinet position which regulates the Armed forces in some sovereign nations Lord Alexander served as Minister of Defence until 1954, at which point he retired from politics.
Canada remained a favourite second home of the Alexanders, and they returned often to visit family and friends.
Lord Alexander of Tunis died of a perforated aorta on 16 June 1969. Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. His funeral was held on 24 June 1969 at St Georges Chapel, Windsor Castle, and his remains are buried in the churchyard of Ridge, near Tyttenhanger, his family's Hertfordshire home. Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Windsor Castle, in Windsor in the English county of Berkshire, is the largest inhabited Castle in the world and dating back to the time of Lady Alexander died in 1977.
References
- ^ World War II British Army officers
- ^ 1910 Fowler's match - cricinfo
- ^ Keegan (ed), John; Brian Holden Reid (1991). Churchill's Generals. London: Cassell Military, pp 107-108 & 128. Orion Publishing Group Ltd is a UK -based Book Publisher. It is owned by Hachette Livre. ISBN 0-304-36712-5.
- ^ Mead (2007), pp. 41-42
- ^ "After the Auk" . Time Magazine (31 August, 1942). Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and
- Mead, Richard (2007). Churchill's Lions: A biographical guide to the key British generals of World War II. Stroud (UK): Spellmount, 544 pages. ISBN 978-1-86227-431-0.
Some text adapted from http://www.gg.ca
Field Marshal Sir Claude John Eyre Auchinleck, GCB, GCIE, CSI, DSO, OBE (21 June 1884 &ndash 23 March 1981 nicknamed During World War II the British Middle East Command was based in Cairo with responsibility for the Middle East theatre which included North Africa Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Allied Forces Headquarters was the headquarters that controlled all Allied operational forces in the Mediterranean Theatre of World War II from late Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general Allied Forces Headquarters was the headquarters that controlled all Allied operational forces in the Mediterranean Theatre of World War II from late Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Major-General Alexander Augustus Frederick William Alfred George Cambridge 1st Earl of Athlone KG GCB GCMG GCVO The Governor General of Canada ( French: Gouverneure générale du Canada, or: Gouverneur général du Canada) is the vice-regal representative Thibaudeau Rinfret, PC ( June 22, 1879 &ndash July 25, 1962) was a Canadian jurist and Chief Justice of Canada Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 A defence minister (or defense minister) is a Cabinet position which regulates the Armed forces in some sovereign nations (Maurice Harold Macmillan 1st Earl of Stockton, OM, PC (10 February 1894 &ndash 29 December 1986 was a British Conservative Politician Field Marshal Alan Francis Brooke 1st Viscount Alanbrooke KG, GCB, OM, GCVO, DSO (23 July 1883 &ndash 17 June 1963 was This is a list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of the County of London. Edward Frederick Lindley Wood 1st Earl of Halifax, KG, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, PC ( 16 April 1881 &ndash The Grand Master of the Order of St Michael and St George is the next most senior officer after the Sovereign of the Order currently Queen Elizabeth II Prince Edward Duke of Kent (Edward George Nicholas Patrick Paul born 9 October 1935 is a member of the British Royal Family, a grandchild of George V. Field Marshal Henry Maitland Wilson 1st Baron Wilson, GCB, GBE, DSO ( 5 September 1881 &ndash 31 December The Constable of the Tower of London is the governor of the Tower of London. Field Marshal Sir Gerald Walter Robert Templer KG, GCB, GCMG, KBE ( 11 September 1898 &ndash 25 October This is a complete list of Lord Lieutenants of Greater London in the United Kingdom. The Peerage of the United Kingdom comprises most Peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Act of Union in 1801 when Earl Alexander of Tunis is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. Shane William Desmond Alexander 2nd Earl Alexander of Tunis (born 30 June 1935) known as Baron Rideau from 1952 to 1969 is an Anglo-Irish Earl Alexander of Tunis is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic