| Harlan Fiske Stone | |
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| In office July 3, 1941 – April 22, 1946 |
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| Nominated by | Franklin Delano Roosevelt |
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| Preceded by | Charles Evans Hughes |
| Succeeded by | Fred M. Vinson |
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| In office March 2, 1925 – July 2, 1941 |
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| Nominated by | Calvin Coolidge |
| Preceded by | Joseph McKenna |
| Succeeded by | Robert H. Jackson |
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| In office April 7, 1924 – March 1, 1925 |
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| Nominated by | Calvin Coolidge |
| Preceded by | Harry M. Daugherty |
| Succeeded by | John G. Sargent |
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| Born | October 11, 1872 Chesterfield, New Hampshire |
| Died | April 22, 1946 (aged 73) Washington, DC |
| Alma mater | Amherst College, Columbia University |
| Religion | Episcopalian |
Harlan Fiske Stone (October 11, 1872 – April 22, 1946) was an American lawyer and jurist. The Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the judicial branch of the government of the United States, and presides over the U Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Charles Evans Hughes Sr ( April 11, 1862 – August 27, 1948) was a Lawyer and Republican politician from the State Frederick Moore Vinson ( January 22 1890 – September 8 1953) served the United States in all three branches of government Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States are the members of the Supreme Court of the United States other than the Chief Justice of the United States Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 310 - Pope Miltiades is elected 626 - In fear of assassination Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. John Calvin Coolidge Jr (July 4 1872 January 5 1933 was the thirtieth President of the United States (1923–1929 For Joseph McKenna the member (Volunteer in the Irish Republican Army, see List of members of the Irish Republican Army. Robert Houghwout Jackson ( February 13, 1892 &ndash October 9, 1954) was United States Attorney General (1940&ndash1941 and an The United States Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice (see) concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. John Calvin Coolidge Jr (July 4 1872 January 5 1933 was the thirtieth President of the United States (1923–1929 Harry Micajah Daugherty ( January 26, 1860 &ndash October 12, 1941) (daw- HER -tee was an American politician John Garibaldi Sargent ( October 13, 1860 &ndash March 5, 1939) was an American lawyer and statesman Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Chesterfield is a town in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, United States. New Hampshire ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval Amherst College is a private liberal arts college in Amherst, Massachusetts, USA. Columbia University is a private University in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. The Episcopal Church is the official name of the Province of the Anglican Communion in the United States. Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law as an attorney, Counsel or Solicitor; a person A judge, or justice, is an Official who presides over a Court of law A native of New Hampshire he served as the dean of Columbia Law School, his alma mater in the early 20th century. New Hampshire ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. Columbia Law School, located in New York City, is one of the professional schools of Columbia University, a member of the Ivy League. Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval He was a member of the Republican Party. He was appointed as the 52nd Attorney General of the United States before becoming an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. The United States Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice (see) concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement This is a list of past and present justices of the Supreme Court of the United States. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. Stone would become the 12th Chief Justice of the court in 1941, serving until his death in 1946. The Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the judicial branch of the government of the United States, and presides over the U
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Early years
Stone was born in Chesterfield, New Hampshire, to Fred L. Chesterfield is a town in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, United States. New Hampshire ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. and Ann S. (Butler) Stone. He prepared at Amherst High School, and graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Amherst College in 1894. Amherst is a town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States in the Connecticut River valley The Phi Beta Kappa Society is an academic Honor society with the mission of "fostering and recognizing excellence" in the Undergraduate Liberal arts Amherst College is a private liberal arts college in Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.
From 1894 to 1895 he was the submaster of Newburgh High School. From 1895 to 1896 he was an instructor in history at Adelphi Academy in Brooklyn, New York. Adelphi University is a private Nonsectarian university located in Garden City, in Nassau County New York. Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City.
Legal career
Stone attended Columbia Law School from 1895 to 1898 and was admitted to the New York bar in 1898. Columbia Law School, located in New York City, is one of the professional schools of Columbia University, a member of the Ivy League. Stone practiced law in New York City, initially as a member of the firm Satterlee, Sullivan & Stone, and later a partner in the firm Sullivan & Cromwell. The City of New York Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, an international Law firm headquartered in New York, is one of the world's most profitable and prestigious law firms From 1899 to 1902 he lectured on law at Columbia Law School; he was a professor there from 1902 to 1905; and eventually became the school's dean from 1910 to 1923.
In 1924, he was appointed United States Attorney General by his Amherst classmate and then-President Calvin Coolidge. The United States Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice (see) concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by John Calvin Coolidge Jr (July 4 1872 January 5 1933 was the thirtieth President of the United States (1923–1929 As Attorney General, Stone was responsible for the appointment of J. Edgar Hoover as head of the Department of Justice's Bureau of Investigation, which was to become the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Postnominal initials For animal rights group see Justice Department (JD The United States Department of Justice ( DOJ) is a Cabinet department
In 1925, Stone was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, becoming Coolidge's only appointment to the Court.
During the 1932–1937 Supreme Court terms, Stone, along with Justices Brandeis and Cardozo, was considered a member of the Three Musketeers, which was considered to be the liberal faction of the Supreme Court. Louis Dembitz Brandeis ( November 13, 1856 – October 5, 1941) was an American litigator, Supreme Court Justice, advocate Benjamin Nathan Cardozo ( May 24, 1870 &ndash July 9, 1938) was a well-known American Lawyer and Jurist, remembered This page is about three liberal Supreme Court Justices For other uses see Three Musketeers. The three were highly supportive of President Roosevelt's New Deal programs, which many of the other Supreme Court Justices opposed. The New Deal was the name that United States President Franklin D For example, he wrote for the court in United States v. Darby, , which upheld challenged provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. This case is about the Commerce Clause. For the 1931 case about taxation of reduction of debt see United States v Stone also authored the Court's opinion in United States v. Carolene Products Co., , which, in its famous "Footnote 4," provided a roadmap for judicial review in the post-Lochner v. New York era. United States v Carolene Products Company, 304 US 144 ( 1938) was an April 25, 1938 decision by the United States Supreme United States v Carolene Products Company, 304 US 144 ( 1938) was an April 25, 1938 decision by the United States Supreme Lochner v New York, 198 US 45 (1905 was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that held the " Right to free contract " was
Stone's support of the New Deal brought him in Roosevelt's favor, and in 1941 the President elevated him to Chief Justice, a position that he occupied for the rest of his life. The New Deal was the name that United States President Franklin D
Chief Justice
As Chief Justice, Stone spoke for the Court in upholding the President's power to try Nazi saboteurs by military tribunals in Ex parte Quirin, . Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German A military tribunal is a kind of Military Court designed to try members of enemy forces during Wartime operating outside the scope of conventional Ex parte Quirin,, is a Supreme Court of the United States case that upheld the jurisdiction of a United States Military tribunal over the trial Stone also wrote one of the major opinions in establishing the standard for state courts to have personal jurisdiction over litigants in International Shoe Co. v. Washington, . International Shoe Co v Washington, 326 US 310 ( 1945) was a Landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court holding that
As Chief Justice, Stone described the Nuremberg court as "a high-grade lynching party" for Germans (Alpheus T. The Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political military and economic leadership of Nazi Germany after Mason, Harlan Fiske Stone: Pillar of the Law, New York: Viking, 1956, p. 716).
In 1946, at the age of 73, Stone died of a cerebral hemorrhage that struck on the bench as he read his dissent in Girouard v. United States, . (He opposed overturning precedents that would have barred a Seventh-day Adventist from being naturalized as a U. The Seventh-day Adventist (abbreviated " Adventist " Church is a Christian denomination which is distinguished mainly by its observance Naturalization is the acquisition of Citizenship or Nationality by somebody who was not a citizen or national of that country when he or she was born S. citizen if he refused to take up military arms during wartime despite being willing to serve as a conscientious objector. ) He is the only Supreme Court Justice to have died during an open court session.
To date, Justice Stone is the only justice to have physically filled all nine seats on the bench, having incrementally moved "seniority" positions from most junior Associate Justice to most senior Associate Justice and finally to Chief Justice.
Other activities
Stone was the director of the Atlanta & Charlotte Air Line Railroad Company, the president of the Association of American Law Schools, and a member of the American Bar Association. The Association of American Law Schools ( AALS) is a Non-profit organization of 170 Law schools in the United States. The American Bar Association ( ABA) founded August 21 1878 is a voluntary Bar association of Lawyers and law students which is not specific
He was awarded an honorary master of arts degree from Amherst College in 1900, and an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Amherst in 1913. A Master of Arts ( Latin: Magister Artium) is a Postgraduate academic Master's degree awarded by universities in a large Amherst College is a private liberal arts college in Amherst, Massachusetts, USA. Doctor of Laws ( Latin: Legum Doctor, LLD) is a Doctorate -level Academic degree in Law. Yale awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree in 1924, with Columbia and Williams each awarding the same honorary degree in 1925. Williams College is a highly selective private liberal arts college located in Williamstown, Massachusetts.
Stone married Agnes E. Harvey in 1899. Their children were Lauson H. Stone and the mathematician Marshall H. Stone. Lauson Harvey Stone (1905 in Manhattan - November 7 1999 in Brooklyn son of US Chief Justice Harlan Stone, was US a lawyer and civic leader Marshall Harvey Stone ( April 8, 1903, New York City – January 9, 1989, Madras India) was an American mathematician Stone is buried at Rock Creek Cemetery in the Petworth neighborhood of Washington, D.C.
Bibliography and further reading
- Frank, John P. Rock Creek Cemetery (also Rock Creek Church Cemetery) is an 86-acre Cemetery with a natural rolling landscape located at Rock Creek Church Road NW and Webster Petworth is a residential neighborhood in the Northwest quadrant of Washington D Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D , The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions (Leon Friedman and Fred L. Israel, editors) (Chelsea House Publishers: 1995) ISBN 0791013774, ISBN 978-0791013779
See also
| Legal offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Harry M. Daugherty |
Attorney General of the United States 1924-1925 |
Succeeded by John G. Sargent |
| Preceded by Joseph McKenna |
Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court 1925-1941 |
Succeeded by Robert H. Jackson |
| Preceded by Charles Evans Hughes |
Chief Justice of the United States 1941-1946 |
Succeeded by Fred M. Vinson |
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