 Hargeisa, Somaliland | |
|---|---|
 Hargeisa central mosque. | |
 Location of Hargeisa in Somaliland | |
| Map | |
| Overview | |
| Region | Maroodi Jeex |
| Granted capital status | 1941 (British Somaliland) |
| Languages | Somali, Arabic and English |
| Total Population | 0. |||}The Regions of Somaliland are (capitals in parentheses Awdal ( Borama) Saaxil ( Berbera) Maroodi Jeex is a Gobolka, one of the six regions of the self-proclaimed (but not internationally recognized Republic of Somaliland, which lies within the internationally Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. British Somaliland was a British Protectorate in the north part of the Horn of Africa. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. The State of Somaliland was a short-lived independent state in the Horn of Africa that existed in the five-day interim between independence from United Kingdom on Somali ( Af Soomaali, الصوماليه is a member of the East Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken by ethnic Somalis Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology 45 million |
| Area | NA km² |
| Population density | 15 persons per/km² |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
| Elevation | 1326 m |
| Timezone | EAT |
| UTC offset | +3 |
| Coordinates | |
| Mayor | Mudane Hussain Mohammoud Jiciir |
| Website | Hargeisa City Council |
Hargeisa (Somali: Hargeysa) is a city in Somalia and the capital of the de-facto Republic of Somaliland which was formed in 1991. The word million In standard English, the -lli- in million is pronounced with an l-sound followed by a Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. East Africa Time, or EAT, is a time zone used in eastern Africa. UTC+3 is used in the following locations Moscow Time Eastern European Summer Time West Asian Summer Time In Mathematics and its applications a coordinate system is a system for assigning an n - Tuple of Numbers or scalars to each point A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages Somali ( Af Soomaali, الصوماليه is a member of the East Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken by ethnic Somalis Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. It was also the colonial capital of British Somaliland from 1941 to 1960 when it united with the south to form the Somali Republic. British Somaliland was a British Protectorate in the north part of the Horn of Africa. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known Hargeisa is the largest city in Somaliland and Somalia's second largest city after Mogadishu.
Contents |
History
Prehistoric inhabitants
The city is home to Neolithic cave paintings recently discovered named Laas Geel. The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos Cave paintings are Paintings on Cave walls and ceilings and the term is used especially for those dating to Prehistoric times Laas Geel ( Laas Geel) is a complex of caves and rock shelters in Somalia famous for its recent discovery of Cave paintings. The cave paintings are situated on the outskirts of the city, located around a plethora of granite alcoves and rocky mountains. Granite (ˈɡrænɪt is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive, Felsic, igneous rock. The paintings show ancient inhabitants of the area worshipping cattle. Cattle, colloquially referred to as cows, are domesticated Ungulates a member of the Subfamily Bovinae of the family It also shows animals which are commonly seen in the region primarily antelopes, camels and early dogs. Antelope are Ruminant hoofed Mammals of the family Bovidae in the order of Even-toed ungulates. Camels are Even-toed ungulates within the Genus Camelus. The Dromedary, one-humped or Arabian camel has a single hump and the The dog ( Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated Subspecies of the gray wolf, a Mammal of the Canidae family of the order The Laas Geel cave paintings were discovered in November 2002 by a French archaeological team. Events in November All Saints' Day (formerly All Hallows Day a Christian holy day is celebrated on November 1, the day after Halloween See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Legal residents and citizens To be French according to the first article of the Constitution is to be a citizen of France regardless of one's origin race or religion ( They contain some of the earliest known art in the Horn of Africa and the African continent in general, dating back to somewhere between 8,000 and 9,000 BCE. The Horn of Africa (alternatively Northeast Africa, and sometimes Somali Peninsula; shortened to HOA) is a Peninsula in East Africa In the 8th millennium BC, Agriculture becomes widely practiced in the Fertile Crescent and Anatolia. The 9th millennium BC marks the beginning of the Neolithic period
Ottoman conquest
Along with the cities of Zeila and Berbera, the Ottoman Empire captured and colonised western Somaliland for almost 3 centuries. Zeila ( Saylac) is a port city on the Gulf of Aden coast and is located in the Awdal region of Somalia near the Djibouti border History The city was first described in the eighth chapter of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea written by a Greek merchant in the first century CE The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Hargeisa was also part of the area captured by the Ottoman Turks. The Ottoman Turks were the subdivision of the Ottoman Muslim Millet that dominated the ruling class of the Ottoman Empire. There are many Ottoman colonial buildings across the three cities. Western Somaliland and Hargeisa were part of the Habesh region of the Ottoman Empire. Habesh (Habeş / Hebeşe was an Ottoman province that bordered the Red Sea. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The region was colonised due to its strategic location on the Red Sea. The Red Sea is a Salt water Inlet of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia.
British rule
Hargeisa and the whole Somaliland region was annexed by the British from Aden and they established a protectorate naming the region British Somaliland. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Aden (ˈeɪdən Arabic: عدن) is a city in Yemen, 170 kilometers east of Bab-el-Mandeb. British Somaliland was a British Protectorate in the north part of the Horn of Africa. Berbera, a major trading harbour on the Red Sea was the protectorate's first capital due to its strategic importance. History The city was first described in the eighth chapter of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea written by a Greek merchant in the first century CE The Red Sea is a Salt water Inlet of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. However, the capital was moved from Berbera to Hargeisa, and the city was granted capital status in 1941. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. During the East African Campaign, the protectorate was occupied by Italy in August 1940, but recaptured by the British in March 1941. The East African Campaign refers to the battles fought in East Africa during World War II. The East African Campaign refers to the battles fought in East Africa during World War II. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The protectorate gained independence as the State of Somaliland on 26 June 1960. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Days later, the country was unified with Italian Somaliland to form a new Somali Republic (Somalia) on 1 July 1960. Italian Somalia (also known as Italian Somaliland) was a colony of the Kingdom of Italy ( Regno d'Italia) from the 1880s until 1942 in the territory Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
1980s events
Due to the Barre regime's violent repression, Somalilanders, particularly Ishaq tribe, encouraged by Ethiopia in opposition to Somalia, took up arms and formed the Somaliland National Movement (S. N. M. ) in 1981 to resist Barre. In the late 1980s, Barre virtually lost control of the province and ordered the air force to bomb Hargeisa, today's capital of Somaliland. The bombing and subsequent raids of government troops claimed tens of thousands of casualties. [1]
A war memorial in the form of a MiG fighter jet was erected in Hargeisa to mark this event.
Reconstruction
As the power of authority in Mogadishu had changed hand to the control of the United Somali Congress (USC) in 1991, a power struggle between the leaders would led to the beginning of the destruction of Mogadishu. Mogadishu ( Somali: Muqdisho, popularly Xamar, Hamar; مقديشو Maqadīshū As Mogadishu and southern Somalia was being destroyed, the opposite was happening in Hargeisa and the rest of Somaliland. The independence of Somaliland was declared and reconstruction started in 18th May 1991. Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar.
.jpg/180px-City_of_hargeisa_(view).jpg)
Since 1991, the city has undergone a massive facelift and over 99% of devastated commercial and residential homes have now been rebuilt and in better condition than before the war. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. A facelift, technically known as a rhytidectomy (literally surgical removal of wrinkles) is a type of cosmetic surgery procedure used to give a more youthful Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer Within a urban area there is a tendency for land uses to Aggregate. Remittance money sent from overseas relatives contributed tremendously in the reconstruction of the city as well as entrepreneurial sprit of local residences and citizens throughout Somaliland.
Thomas Bose, an Indian national was the first visa holder of the new country. He came to Hargeisa as an engineer to help start the first off-set press newspaper 'Jamhuriya' for the National Printing Press. His wife Dilshi Bose, also joined him. Their presence encouraged the return of refugee Somalilanders in different parts of the world and gave the impetus to return back to their home-land.
Aid from foreign governments was non-existent, making it unusual in Africa for its low level of dependence in foreign aid. While Somaliland is de-facto as an independent country it is not de-jure (legally) recognized internationally. Hence, the government of Somaliland can not access IMF and World Bank assistance.
Hargeisa has working traffic lights and traffic laws are respected. All residents entitled to drive must hold a photo driving licence. All cars bear Somaliland licence plates.
Geography
Hargeisa is located in a valley in the western section of the country. In Geology, a valley (also called a vale, dale, glen or strath and near or in Appalachia, a draw) is It is in a mountainous area because Hargeisa is located in an enclosed valley of the Galgodon (Ogo) highlands, at an elevation of 1334 meters (4,377 feet) above sea level. Mean sea level (MSL is the average (mean height of the Sea, with reference to a suitable reference surface This altitude gives Hargeisa and the surrounding area a milder climate than the Gulf of Aden coastal area (one of the hottest areas on earth) and the Hargeisa region has a fairly equable climate. The Gulf of Aden (خليج عدن transliterated: Khalyj 'Adan Somali: Khaleejka Cadan) is located in the Arabian Sea between The temperature ranges between 13 and 32 degrees Celsius (55 and 89 degrees Fahrenheit). The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724
Hargeisa also receives larger amounts of rain, and used to be surrounded by forest when the city was smaller but the countryside around the city has small juniper forests. Rain is Liquid precipitation. On Earth it is the condensation of atmospheric Water vapor into drops heavy enough to fall often making it to Junipers are Coniferous plants in the genus Juniperus of the cypress family Cupressaceae. Moreover, near Hargeisa are the fertile Sheikh and Daallo mountains, which receive large amount of rain. Rain is Liquid precipitation. On Earth it is the condensation of atmospheric Water vapor into drops heavy enough to fall often making it to Also, south of Hargeisa is the Sahaley Savannah which attracts many different animals to graze in the area
Hargeisa is also close to another Somaliland town called Arabsiyo. Arabsiyo is a city in northwestern Somalia, located about 30 km west of Hargeisa. It is a major farming and agricultural area and it falls into the main boundaries of Hargeisa.
Wildlife
Due to the fertility and greenery of the Hargeisa region, wild animals (e. Kudu is an alternate spelling for kuzu the Japanese word for the plant Kudzu. g. zebras) come to the area; to either breed or graze on the grassland savannah. There are many animals which can be found in Hargeisa. The prominent animals found are the Kudu, wild boar, Somali Wild Ass, warthogs, antelopes, the Somali sheep, wild goats, camels and many different types of birds. Kudu is an alternate spelling for kuzu the Japanese word for the plant Kudzu. The boar or wild boar ( Sus scrofa) is an Omnivorous, gregarious Mammal of the biological family Suidae. The Somali Wild Ass ( Equus africanus somalicus) is a Subspecies of the African Wild Ass. The warthog or common warthog ( Phacochoerus africanus, "African Lens-Pig" is a wild member of the pig family that lives in Africa Antelope are Ruminant hoofed Mammals of the family Bovidae in the order of Even-toed ungulates. Somali Sheep, occasionally known as the Berbera Blackhead, is a hair sheep native to Somalia. The domestic goat ( Capra aegagrus hircus) is a subspecies of goat Domesticated from the Wild goat of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe Camels are Even-toed ungulates within the Genus Camelus. The Dromedary, one-humped or Arabian camel has a single hump and the Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Due south of Hargeisa is a grassland savannah which attracts many types of wildlife to the area including lions and leopards. A savanna or savannah is a Tropical or Subtropical Grassland or Woodland Ecosystem. The lion ( Panthera leo) is a member of the family Felidae and one of four Big cats in the Genus Panthera. The leopard (lɛpɚd Panthera pardus) is an Old World Mammal of the Felidae family and the smallest of the four roaring
Economy
Hargeisa is the financial hub to many entrepreneurial companies ranging from food processing, gem stonecutters, construction, retail, import and export, Internet cafes, to even companies that process remittances from relative’s abroad who send money. The field of finance refers to the concepts of Time, Money and Risk and how they are interrelated Food processing is the set of methods and techniques used to transform raw Ingredients into Food or to transform food into other forms for consumption by In the fields of Architecture and Civil engineering, construction is a process that consists of the Building or assembling of Infrastructure In Economics, an import is any good (eg a Commodity) or Service brought into one country from another country in a legitimate fashion In Economics, an export is any good or Commodity, Transported from one country to another country in a Legitimate fashion The Somaliland shilling ( Somali: Soomaaliland shilin) is the official currency of the self declared Republic of Somaliland, which has been a de Some families have moved back to the city, living in mansions in the hills during the summer. Summer is one of the four Temperate Seasons Summer marks the warmest time of year with the longest days The city has seen considerable development of this sort in recent years. There are three major hotels in Hargeisa, they are the Ambassador, the Al-Maan Soor, the Oreintal hotels, and Hargeisa hotel, locating in central of hargaisa. The Ambassador (an award-winning hotel and the first modern hotel in the city since the war) is just a few minutes' travel to or from the airport, while Maan Soor hotel is located on the outskirts of the city. An award is something given to a person or a group of people to recognize Excellence in a certain field a certificate of excellence The Somali Civil War is an armed conflict in Somalia that started in 1988 Hargeisa Egal International Airport (Madaarka Hargeysa ee Calaamiga - is an international Airport in the city of Hargeisa in the northwestern Somaliland And the Oriental Hotel is in the center of the city. Hargeisa also has a private and public menageries, it houses animals from the region including lions, leopards, antelopes, birds and reptiles. Menagerie is the term for a historical form of keeping wild and exotic animals in human captivity and therefore a predecessor of the modern Zoological garden. The lion ( Panthera leo) is a member of the family Felidae and one of four Big cats in the Genus Panthera. The leopard (lɛpɚd Panthera pardus) is an Old World Mammal of the Felidae family and the smallest of the four roaring Antelope are Ruminant hoofed Mammals of the family Bovidae in the order of Even-toed ungulates. Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Reptiles, or members of the class Reptilia are air-breathing Cold-blooded Vertebrates that have skin covered in scales as opposed to hair or feathers Abdifatah Bishaaro, somalilander
Transport
The city is home to Hargeisa International Airport, with flights to Addis Ababa, Djibouti City, Dubai and many other cities across Africa and Somalia. Hargeisa Egal International Airport (Madaarka Hargeysa ee Calaamiga - is an international Airport in the city of Hargeisa in the northwestern Somaliland Addis Ababa (sometimes spelled Addis Abeba, the spelling used by the official Ethiopian Mapping Authority Amharic The city of Djibouti (جيبوتي Somali: Jabuuti, Ville de Djibouti is the capital and largest city of Dubai (in دبيّ,) is one of the seven emirates and most populous city of the United Arab Emirates (UAE Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known All foreigners are required to exchange 50 USA Dollars to local currency (which is the Somaliland Shilling. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The dollar (often represented by the Dollar sign: "$" is the name of the official Currency in several countries dependencies and other A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is The Somaliland shilling ( Somali: Soomaaliland shilin) is the official currency of the self declared Republic of Somaliland, which has been a de (1 USD=6250 Somaliland Shillings as of Dec. 2006). Also there is a bus service in Hargeisa.
Education
In Hargeisa, there are two universities, including the University of Hargeisa; and several state-run and privately owned secondary and high schools. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects The University of Hargeisa (UOH also known as Hargeisa University is a University located in the city of Hargeisa in northwestern Somalia. There are colleges, primary schools and nurseries dotted all around the city. A nursery school is a school for children between the ages of three and five staffed by qualified teachers and other professionals who encourage and supervise educational play rather than Students are educated by teachers who have studied from abroad or by teachers who were educated prior to the Somali Civil War. The Somali Civil War is an armed conflict in Somalia that started in 1988 Hargeisa has been built from ruins and is now a thriving metropolitan city in the heart of East Africa. East Africa is the Easternmost Region of the African Continent.
Communication
Hargeisa has a modern telephone system and nearly everyone in the city enjoys a telephone and some with access to the internet. Basic principle A traditional landline telephone system also known as "plain old telephone service" (POTS, commonly handles both signaling and audio information The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks Internet cafes are dotted all around Hargeisa and many youngsters and adults benefit from this. Mobile communication services are available in Hargeisa. The main mobile communication services in Hargeisa are operated by Telesom, Sitalink Soltelco and Telcom. Telcom is a telecommunications network operator in Somalia. Telcom is the first major privately owned company providing Telecommunications to Somali cities
Trivia
- Simon Reeve visited the city and stayed at the Ambassador Hotel as part of his television series, Places That Don't Exist. Simon Reeve (born 1972 is a British author and TV presenter. Based in London he specialises in international Terrorism, Conflict resolution Holidays in the Danger Zone Places That Don't Exist is a five-part BBC Four series on breakaway states and unrecognised nations devised written and presented
- Bob Geldof also stayed at the Ambassador Hotel and visited Hargeisa. Robert Frederick Zenon Geldof, KBE, known as Bob Geldof (born 5 October 1951, is an Irish singer [1]
See also
References
External links
Arabsiyo is a city in northwestern Somalia, located about 30 km west of Hargeisa.Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic