Hardscape, in the practice of landscaping, refers to the paved areas like streets & sidewalks, large business complexes & housing developments, and other industrial areas where the upper-soil-profile is no longer exposed to the actual surface of the Earth. Landscaping refers to any activity that modifies the visible features of an area of land including but not limited to living elements, such as A sidewalk (chiefly North American English) pavement ( British English and Philadelphia dialect) footpath ( Australian English Housing developments are structured building development of residential properties Soil, often typeset as SOiL, is a four piece rock band from Chicago Illinois United States founded by Shaun Glass Tom Schofield Tim King and Adam Zadel EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001 The term is especially used in heavily urbanized/suburbanized areas with little bare soil. Urbanizationn (also spelled urbanisation) is the physical growth of Urban areas into rural or natural land as a result of population in-migration to an existing South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California.
Without nearby bare soil, hardscape requires artificial methods of drainage/runoff in order to carry off the sometimes massive volumes of water that would normally be mostly absorbed into the ground as groundwater. Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface water from a given area Surface runoff is a term used to describe when soil is infiltrated to full capacity and excess Water, from Rain, Snowmelt, or other sources flows Groundwater is Water located beneath the Ground surface in Soil pore spaces and in the Fractures of lithologic formations Lack of capacity can cause major problems after severe thunderstorms, hurricanes, typhoons, etc.
The water table in and around large areas of hardscape is usually very depleted because not enough rainwater is being absorbed into the soil of that area in order to help recharge the water table in that (usually urban) area. The water table is the level at which the ground water pressure is equal to Atmospheric pressure. Rain is Liquid precipitation. On Earth it is the condensation of atmospheric Water vapor into drops heavy enough to fall often making it to Such areas must then rely largely on "imported" freshwater from local or non-local lakes, reservoirs, dams, rivers, and streams. Freshwater is a word that refers to bodies of water such as Ponds lakes rivers and streams containing low concentrations of dissolved Salts and other Total dissolved A lake (from Latin lacus) is a Terrain feature (or Physical feature) a body of Liquid on the surface of a world that is localized to the A reservoir is most broadly a place or hollow vessel where Fluid is kept in Reserve, for later use A dam is a barrier that divides waters. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water while other structures such as Floodgates, Levees "Riverine" redirects here For the use of that term in Maritime geography, see there A stream is a body of Water with a current, confined within a bed and stream-banks On the other hand, most homes in rural areas often use wells and springs as their primary source of freshwater because the local water table is being constantly recharged by the hydrologic cycle. Rural areas can be large and isolated (also referred to as "the country" and/or "the countryside over the course of time A spring is a point where Groundwater flows out of the ground and is thus where the Aquifer surface meets the ground surface The Earth 's Water is always in movement and the water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on above
See also
The phrase built environment refers to the man-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity ranging from the large-scale civic surroundings to the personal places The term hard landscape is used by practitioners of Landscape architecture and Garden design to describe the construction materials which are used to improve a landscape Impervious surfaces are mainly artificial structures such as pavements rooftops sidewalks roads and parking lots - covered by impenetrable materials such as asphalt concrete Softscape refers to the elements of Landscape that comprise live horticultural elementsDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic