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Hard bop
Stylistic origins
Cultural origins
1950s
Typical instruments
Mainstream popularity 1950s and 1960s

Hard bop is a style of jazz that is an extension of bebop (or "bop") music. Bebop or bop is a form of Jazz characterized by fast Tempos and Improvisation based on Harmonic structure rather than Melody The Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of Music based on the use of the Blue notes It emerged as an accessible form of self-expression Gospel music is Music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life as well as (in terms of the varying music styles to The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers The saxophone (commonly referred to simply as sax) is a conical- bored transposing Musical instrument considered a member of the Woodwind The trombone is a Musical instrument in the brass family Like all brass instruments it is a lip-reed Aerophone: sound is produced when the player’s The double bass is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed String instrument used in the modern symphony orchestra. The drum is a member of the percussion group technically classified as a Membranophone. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Bebop or bop is a form of Jazz characterized by fast Tempos and Improvisation based on Harmonic structure rather than Melody Hard bop incorporates influences from rhythm and blues, gospel music, and blues, especially in the saxophone and piano playing. Gospel music is Music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life as well as (in terms of the varying music styles to The Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of Music based on the use of the Blue notes It emerged as an accessible form of self-expression The saxophone (commonly referred to simply as sax) is a conical- bored transposing Musical instrument considered a member of the Woodwind The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers

David H. Rosenthal also contends in his book Hard Bop that it is to a large degree the natural creation of a generation of black American musicians who grew up at a time when bop and rhythm and blues were the dominant forms of black American music and prominent jazz musicians like Tadd Dameron worked in both genres. David H Rosenthal (1945 - 1995 was an American Author, Poet, editor, and Translator. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Tadley Ewing Peake (Tadd Dameron ( February 21, 1917 &ndash March 8, 1965) was an American Jazz Pianist

Contents

History

Hard bop was developed in the mid-1950s, partly in response to the vogue for cool jazz that became popular in the early 1950s. The 1950s Decade refers to the years of 1950 to 1959 inclusive Cool jazz is a Jazz style that emerged in the late 1940s in New York City. A simplistic definition states that cool jazz, or "west coast" jazz, emphasized the more European elements of the music, deriving to a great extent from the "chamber jazz" experiments of the Miles Davis nonet, while hard bop brought the church and gospel music back into jazz, emphasizing the African elements. Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26 1926 &ndash September 28 1991 was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Bandleader, and Composer. Birth of the Cool is an album which compiles twelve songs recorded by the Miles Davis nonet for Capitol Records in 1949 and In fact, both cool and hard bop contain European and African elements, but the simplistic definition offers a short-hand way of addressing the difference. The hard bop style coalesced in 1953 and 1954, paralleling the rise of rhythm and blues, the latter developed by African-American musicians in part as a means of giving their audiences dance music in the wake of the decline of the swing bands, and the abandonment of jazz as a music to dance by as bebop emerged, with its intricacies and emphasis on being a serious listening experience. Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) This article is about music for dancing in general You may also be looking for Electronic dance music. Swing music, also known as swing jazz, is a form of Jazz music that developed in the early 1930s and had solidified as a distinctive style by 1935 in the United

In 1954, Davis' performance of the title track of his album Walkin' at the very first Newport Jazz Festival, held that same year, announced the style to the jazz world. Walkin is an album recorded on 3 April and 29 April 1954 by a group led by Miles Davis, for Prestige Records. The Newport Jazz Festival is a music festival held every August in Newport Rhode Island, USA. Davis would form his first great quintet with John Coltrane later in the year to play hard bop, before moving on to other things. Other key documents were the two volumes of the Blue Note albums A Night at Birdland, also from 1954, recorded at the legendary jazz club months before the Davis set at Newport. Long play (LP record albums are 33⅓  Rpm vinyl Gramophone records (phonograph records generally either 10- or 12- Inches in diameter A Night at Birdland Vol 1 is a 1954 release by Jazz artist Art Blakey. Birdland is a jazz club started in New York City in December 15 1949 The quintet by Art Blakey featured pianist Horace Silver and trumpeter Clifford Brown, all of whom would be leaders in the hard bop movement along with Davis. Arthur (Art Blakey ( October 11 1919 &ndash October 16 1990) born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Horace Silver (born September 2, 1928) born Horace Ward Martin Tavares Silva in Norwalk Connecticut, is an American Jazz pianist Clifford Brown ( October 30, 1930 &ndash June 26, 1956) aka " Brownie," was an influential and highly rated Blakey and Silver would start the seminal band The Jazz Messengers, although Silver would leave to front his own hard-bop groups in 1956, and Brown formed the other trend-setting hard bop band with drummer Max Roach, the Brown-Roach Quintet. Arthur (Art Blakey ( October 11 1919 &ndash October 16 1990) born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Maxwell Lemuel Roach ( January 10, 1924 &ndash August 16, 2007) was an American Jazz Percussionist, Drummer

The hard bop style enjoyed its greatest popularity in the 1950s and 1960s, but hard bop performers, and elements of the music, remain popular in jazz. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 According to Nat Hentoff in his 1957 liner notes for the Blakey Columbia LP of the same name, the phrase "hard bop" was originated by critic-pianist John Mehegan, jazz reviewer of the New York Herald Tribune at that time. Nat Hentoff (born June 10, 1925) is an American Historian, Novelist, Jazz Critic, and Columnist for John Mehegan ( June 6, 1920 &ndash 1984 was a Jazz pianist lecturer and critic The New York Herald Tribune was a daily newspaper created in 1924 when the New York Tribune acquired the New York Herald. Soul jazz developed from hard bop. Soul jazz was a development of Hard bop which incorporated strong influences from Blues, Gospel and Rhythm and blues in music for small

Other musicians who contributed prominently to the hard bop style include Cannonball Adderley, Sonny Stitt, Donald Byrd, Sonny Clark, Lou Donaldson, Kenny Drew, Benny Golson, Dexter Gordon, Joe Henderson, Andrew Hill, Freddie Hubbard, Jackie McLean, Charles Mingus, Blue Mitchell, Hank Mobley, Thelonious Monk, Lee Morgan, and Sonny Rollins. Julian Edwin "Cannonball" Adderley ( September 15 1928 – August 8 1975) was a Jazz alto saxophonist of Edward "Sonny" Stitt (b February 2, 1924, Boston Massachusetts &ndash d Donaldson Toussaint L'Ouverture Byrd II (born December 9, 1932) is an American Jazz and Rhythm and blues Trumpeter Conrad Yeatis "Sonny" Clark ( July 21, 1931 – January 13, 1963) was an American Hard bop Pianist. Lou Donaldson (born November 1, 1926) is a Jazz alto Saxophonist. Kenneth Sidney (Kenny Drew ( August 28, 1928 &ndash August 4, 1993) was an American Jazz Pianist. Benny Golson (born January 25, 1929) is an American Bebop / Hard bop Jazz tenor Saxophonist, Composer Dexter Gordon ( February 27, 1923 – April 25, 1990) was an American Jazz Tenor saxophonist, and an Academy Joe Henderson ( April 24, 1937 - June 30, 2001) was an American Jazz Tenor saxophonist. Andrew Hill ( June 30, 1931 &ndash April 20, 2007) was an American Jazz Pianist and Composer Frederick Dewayne Hubbard (born April 7 1938 in Indianapolis, Indiana) is an American Jazz Trumpeter. John Lenwood (Jackie McLean ( May 17 1931 &ndash March 31 2006; some sources erroneously give 1932 as his year of birth was an American Charles Mingus ( 22 April 1922 &ndash 5 January 1979) was an American Jazz Bassist, Composer, Richard Allen (Blue Mitchell ( March 13, 1930 &ndash May 21, 1979) was an American Jazz, Rhythm and blues, Henry (Hank Mobley ( July 7, 1930 – May 30, 1986) was an American Hard bop and Soul jazz tenor Saxophonist Thelonious Sphere Monk ( October 10, 1917 - February 17, 1982) was an American Jazz Pianist and Composer. Lee Morgan ( 10 July, 1938 in Philadelphia Pennsylvania &ndash 19 February, 1972 in New York City) was an American Theodore Walter "Sonny" Rollins (born September 7 1930 in New York City) is an American Jazz tenor Saxophonist

Noteworthy performances

Samples

Other hard bop musicians

For more information, see List of Hard bop musicians. Thelonious Sphere Monk ( October 10, 1917 - February 17, 1982) was an American Jazz Pianist and Composer. Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26 1926 &ndash September 28 1991 was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Bandleader, and Composer. Donaldson Toussaint L'Ouverture Byrd II (born December 9, 1932) is an American Jazz and Rhythm and blues Trumpeter Nathaniel Adderley (born November 25, 1931 in Tampa Florida &ndashdied January 2, 2000 in Lakeland Florida) was an Arthur (Art Blakey ( October 11 1919 &ndash October 16 1990) born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Theodore Walter "Sonny" Rollins (born September 7 1930 in New York City) is an American Jazz tenor Saxophonist Traneing In (also known as John Coltrane with the Red Garland Trio) is a 1957 Album by Jazz musician John Coltrane The following is a list of Hard bop musicians. A Pepper Adams -sax Cannonball Adderley - sax Toshiko

See also

External links

Eric Alexander (born 1968 is an American Jazz Saxophonist, known for his sophisticated Hard bop and Post-bop style Carl Allen (born 1961 is an American jazz drummer. Before finishing college he had begun to work as Freddie Hubbard 's drummer a position he held Robert "Bootsie" Barnes is an American tenor saxophonist from Philadelphia Pennsylvania. Gary Bartz (born 26 September 1940, Baltimore, Maryland, USA is an American Alto and Soprano Saxophonist Walter Bishop Jr ( April 10 1927 &ndash January 24 1998) was an American bop and Hard bop jazz pianist Terence Blanchard is an internationally renowned jazz trumpeter bandleader composer arranger and Golden Globe-nominated film score composer Arthur (Art Blakey ( October 11 1919 &ndash October 16 1990) born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Harold Floyd (Tina Brooks ( June 7, 1932 &ndash August 13, 1974) was an American Hard bop tenor Saxophonist Paul Laurence Dunbar Chambers Jr ( April 22 1935 – January 4 1969) was one of the most influential Jazz bassists of the Thomas Clausen (born in 1949 is a Danish Jazz Pianist. He has recorded with many leading Scandinavian jazz musicians and with Bob Brookmeyer Melbourne R "Bob" Cranshaw (born on 10 December 1932 in Evanston, Illinois) is an American jazz bass guitarist Steve Davis (born in 1967 is an American Jazz Trombonist who plays Hard bop, post- bop, and standards. Walter Davis Jr (September 2 1932 in Richmond Virginia &ndash June 2 1990 in New York City was an American Hard bop Pianist. McKinley Howard (Kenny Dorham ( August 30, 1924 - December 5, 1972) was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Singer Raymond Allen Draper ( August 3 1940 &ndash November 1 1982) was an American Hard bop Tuba player Kenneth Sidney (Kenny Drew ( August 28, 1928 &ndash August 4, 1993) was an American Jazz Pianist. Arthur Stewart (Art Farmer ( August 21, 1928 in Council Bluffs, Iowa &ndash October 4, 1999) was an American Jazz Curtis DuBois Fuller (born in Detroit, December 15, 1934) is a United States Hard bop trombonist. Hotep Idris Galeta (born in 1941 is a South African Jazz Pianist and educator William "Red" Garland ( May 13, 1923 &ndash April 23, 1984) was an American Hard bop Jazz Pianist Jimmy Garrison ( March 3, 1933 &ndash April 7, 1976) was an American Jazz Double bassist best known for John Leslie "Wes" Montgomery ( 6 March 1925 - 15 June 1968) was an American Jazz guitarist He is generally considered Grant Green ( June 6, 1935 &ndash January 31, 1979; some sources erroneously give the birth year as 1931 was a Jazz Guitarist John Arnold Griffin III ( April 24, 1928 &ndash July 25, 2008) was an American bop and Hard bop tenor Saxophonist Herbert Jeffrey Hancock ("Herbie" born April 12 1940 is a Jazz Pianist and Composer. William Franklin Hardman Jr (1933&ndash1990 was an American Jazz Trumpeter and Flugelhornist who chiefly played Hard bop. Roy Owen Haynes (born on March 13 1925, in Roxbury, Massachusetts) is an American Jazz Drummer and bandleader Billy Higgins ( October 11, 1936 &ndash May 3, 2001) was an American jazz drummer. Ronald Edward "Ron" Holloway, born August 24, 1953 in Washington D St Elmo Sylvester Hope (born June 27, 1923 &ndashdied May 19, 1967) was an American Jazz Pianist, performing Bobby Hutcherson (born January 27, 1941 in Los Angeles) is a Jazz Vibraphone and Marimba player Clifford Jarvis (1941&ndash1999 was an American Hard bop and Free jazz Drummer. LaMont Johnson (1941-1999 was an American Jazz Pianist who has played in the Hard bop and post- bop genres Joseph Rudolph (Philly Joe Jones ( July 15, 1923 – August 30, 1985) was a Philadelphia -born United States jazz Peter Sims (born April 7, 1938 in New York City) is an American Jazz Drummer, who has performed for much of his career Harold de Vance Land (1928– July 27th 2001) was an American Hard bop and post- bop tenor Saxophonist. Herbie Lewis ( February 17, 1941 &ndash May 18, 2007) was an American Hard bop Double bassist. Henry (Hank Mobley ( July 7, 1930 – May 30, 1986) was an American Hard bop and Soul jazz tenor Saxophonist Tete Montoliu ( March 28, 1933 &ndash August 24, 1997) was a Jazz pianist from Catalonia, Spain. Richard Edwin "Dick" Morrissey ( May 9 1940, Horley, Surrey - November 8 2000, Deal, Kent Lewis Nash (born December 30, 1958) is an American Jazz Drummer. David Newman may refer to David Newman (jazz musician, American jazz saxophonist David Newman (composer, American composer Arthur Phipps is a Jazz Double-bass player He has played with Sonny Rollins, Babs Gonzales, Bruce Lawrence, Roy Haynes Alphonso Son "Dizzy" Reece is a Hard bop Jazz trumpeter with a distinctive sound and compositional style Larry Ridley (born September 3, 1937) is an American Jazz bassist and Music Educator. Larry Ritchie is a Jazz Drummer and record/CD producer He has recorded with John Coltrane, Ray Draper, and Jackie McLean. Wayne Shorter (born August 25 1933) is an American Jazz Composer and Saxophonist, commonly regarded as one of the Peter Sims (born April 7, 1938 in New York City) is an American Jazz Drummer, who has performed for much of his career Arthur S Taylor Jr ( 6 april 1929 &ndash 6 february[[ 995]] was an American Jazz Drummer of the Hard bop school Robert Henry "Bobby" Timmons (Born December 19, 1935 in Philadelphia - Died March 1, 1974 in New York City) Charles Tolliver is an American Jazz Trumpeter and Composer. He was born March 6 1942 in Jacksonville Florida Stanley William Turrentine, also known as "Mr T" or "The Sugar Man" ( April 5, 1934 &ndash September 12, 2000) was an American Thomas Walter Turrentine Jr (born April 22, 1928 in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania &ndashdied May 15, 1997) was a swing and Malcolm Earl Waldron ( August 16, 1925 – December 2, 2002) was an American Jazz and World music Pianist Cedar Anthony Walton Junior (born January 17, 1934) is an American Hard bop Jazz Pianist. Wilbur Ware ( September 8, 1923 &ndash September 9, 1979) was an American Jazz Double-bassist known for his Butch Warren (born in 1939 is an American Jazz Double bassist who plays in the Hard bop genre Douglas Watkins ( 2 March 1934 &ndash 5 February 1962) was an American Hard bop Jazz Double bassist Anthony Tillmon "Tony" Williams ( December 12, 1945 &ndash February 23, 1997) was an American jazz drummer. Lawrence Elliott Willis (born December 20 1940 in New York NY) is an American Jazz Pianist and Composer. The following is a list of Hard bop musicians. A Pepper Adams -sax Cannonball Adderley - sax Toshiko
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