| Harare, Zimbabwe | |||
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| Motto: Pamberi Nekushandria Vanhu (Forward with Service to the People) | |||
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| Coordinates: | |||
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| Country | Zimbabwe | ||
| Province | Harare | ||
| Founded | 1890 | ||
| Incorporated (city) | 1935 | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Elias Mudzuri (MDC) | ||
| Elevation [1] | 1,490 m (4,888 ft) | ||
| Population (2006) | |||
| - City | 1,600,000 | ||
| - Urban | 2,800,111 | ||
| estimated | |||
| Time zone | CAT (UTC+2) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+1) | ||
| Twin Cities | |||
| - Nottingham | United Kingdom | ||
| - Munich | Germany | ||
| - Cincinnati | United States | ||
| - Prato | Italy | ||
| - Lago | Italy | ||
| Website: http://www.hararecity.co.zw | |||
Harare (pronounced /həˈrɑreɪ/ or /həˈrɑri/, formerly Salisbury) is the capital of Zimbabwe. See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election |||} Zimbabwe is divided into 8 Provinces and 2 cities with provincial status Bulawayo (city Harare (city Manicaland Year 1890 ( MDCCCXC) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This is a list of mayors of Harare since the city was renamed from its former designation as Salisbury under British and Rhodesian rule Elias Mudzuri is the Mayor of Harare the Capital city of Zimbabwe The Movement for Democratic Change ( MDC) is a Zimbabwean Political party. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Central Africa Time, or CAT, is a time zone used in central and southern Africa. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time Daylight saving time ( DST Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time This is a list of " twin towns " or " sister cities " — that is pairs of towns or cities in different countries which have Town twinning arrangements Nottingham ( is a city in the Ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire, England. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Prato is a city in Tuscany, Italy, the capital of the Province of Prato. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election It has an estimated population of 1,600,000, with 2,800,000 in its metropolitan area (2006). A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Administratively, Harare is an independent city equivalent to a province. It is Zimbabwe's largest city and its administrative, commercial, and communications centre. The city is a trade centre for tobacco, maize, cotton, and citrus fruits. Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp Citrus is a common term and Genus of Flowering plants in the family Rutaceae, originating in tropical and subtropical southeast regions of The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. Manufactures include textiles, steel, and chemicals, and gold is mined in the area. A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 The chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals Harare is situated at an elevation of 1483 metres (4865 feet) and its climate falls into the warm temperate category.
Harare is the site of the University of Zimbabwe, the largest and most complete institution of higher learning in Zimbabwe, which is situated about 5km north of the city. The University of Zimbabwe (UZ, is the first and largest university in Zimbabwe. Numerous suburbs surround the city, retaining the names colonial administrators gave them during the 19th century, such as Warren Park 'D', Borrowdale, Mount Pleasant, Marlborough, Tynwald and Avondale. Mount Pleasant is the name of a residential suburb in the northern part of Harare, Zimbabwe. Avondale is a suburb of Harare, Zimbabwe, located about 35km north of Harare city centre
Contents |
History
Pioneer Column, a military volunteer force of settlers organised by Cecil Rhodes, founded the city in 1890 as a fort. Pioneer Column was a force raised by Cecil Rhodes and his British South Africa Company in 1890 and used in his efforts to annex the territory of Mashonaland Cecil John Rhodes, PC DCL (5 July 1853 &ndash 26 March 1902 was an English -born Businessman mining Magnate, and Politician They originally named the city Fort Salisbury after the 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, then British prime minister, and it subsequently became known simply as Salisbury. "Lord Salisbury" redirects here For other holders of the title see Marquess of Salisbury. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom It was declared to be a municipality in 1897 and it became a city in 1935. Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Salisbury was the capital of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland from 1953 to 1963. Constitutional origins It was commonly understood that Southern Rhodesia would be the dominant territory in the federation — economically electorally and militarily Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. After that point, it was the capital of Southern Rhodesia. Southern Rhodesia was the name of the British Colony situated north of the Limpopo River and the Union of South Africa, and known today as Zimbabwe The government of Ian Smith declared Rhodesia independent of Great Britain on November 11, 1965, and proclaimed the Republic of Rhodesia in 1970. Ian Douglas Smith GCLM ID ( 8 April 1919 &ndash 20 November 2007) served as the Prime Minister of the British Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Rhodesia was the name adopted when the formerly British colony of Southern Rhodesia declared itself independent ( Unilateral Declaration of Independence Subsequently, the nation became the short-lived state of Zimbabwe Rhodesia; it was not until April 18, 1980, that the country was internationally recognized as independent as the Republic of Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe Rhodesia (zɪmˈbɑːbweɪ rəʊˈdiːʒə officially the Republic of Zimbabwe Rhodesia, was an unrecognized state that existed from June 1, Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election The capital city retained the name Salisbury until 1982. Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar)
The name of the city was changed to Harare on April 18, 1982, the second anniversary of Zimbabwean independence, taking its name from the Shona chieftain Neharawa. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Shona (ˈʃoʊnə is the name collectively given to several groups of people in Zimbabwe and southern Mozambique. It is also said the name derived from the European corruption of "Haarari" ("He does not sleep"), the epithet of the chief whose citadel was located in the area known today as the Kopje (pronounced "Koppie"). It was said that no enemy could ever launch a sneak attack on him. Prior to independence, "Harare" was the name of the Black residential area now known as Mbare.
The area at the time of founding of the city was poorly drained and earliest development was on sloping ground along the left bank of a stream that is now the course of a trunk road (Julius Nyerere Way). The first area to be fully drained was near the head of the stream and was named Causeway as a result. This area is now the site of many of the most important Government buildings, including the Senate House and the Office of the Prime Minister (now renamed for the use of President Mugabe after the position was abolished in January 1988. )[2]
Climate
Harare has a pleasant and healthy climate. The average annual temperature is 17. 95°C, rather low for the tropics, and this is due to its high altitude position and the prevalence of a cool south-easterly airflow. [3] There are three main seasons - a warm, wet season from November to March/April; a cool, dry season from May to August (corresponding to the Southern Hemisphere winter); and a hot, dry season in September/October. Daily temperature ranges are about 7°C to 20°C in July (coldest month), about 13°C to 28°C in October (hottest month) and about 15. 5°C to 25°C in January (midsummer). The hottest year on record was 1914 - 19. 73°C - and the coldest year was 1965 - 17. 13°C. The average annual rainfall is about 825mm in the south-west rising to 855mm on the higher land in the north-east (around Borrowdale to Glen Lorne). Very little rain usually falls during the period May to September although sporadic showers occur in most years. Rainfall varies a great deal from year to year and follows cycles of wet and dry periods that are from 7 to 10 years long. Records begin in October 1890 but all three Harare stations stopped reporting in early 2004. [4]
The climate supports a natural vegetation of open woodland. The most common tree of the local region is the Msasa Brachystegia Spiciformis that colours the landscape wine-red with its new leaves in late August. An introduced tree that contributes most to the town's atmosphere is the Jacaranda (a South American species) that produces a burst of lilac when it blooms in September. Jacaranda (pronounced,, or) is a Genus of 49 species of Flowering plants in the family Bignoniaceae, native to tropical and subtropical
Suburbs
These are some of the suburbs of Harare.
| Region | Suburbs |
|---|---|
| Northern | Alexandra Park (Alex Park); Avondale, Belgravia; Groombridge; Gunhill; Mount Pleasant; Northwood; Vainona |
| North-Eastern | Borrowdale; Chisipite; Colne Valley; Colray; Glen Lorne; The Grange; Greystone Park; Highlands; Hogerty Hill; Mandara; Greendale; Shawasha Hills; Umwinsdale |
| Eastern | Amby; Athlone; Eastlea; Eastlea North; Greendale; Hillside; Mabvuku, Tafara, Epwoth |
| Southern (incl. Greendale is the name of a residential suburb in the East of Harare, Zimbabwe. Mabvuku is a high density suburb some 17 km east of Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe. Mabvuku is a high density suburb some 17 km east of Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe. Epworth is a suburb in south-eastern Harare. It is home to some famous balancing rocks South-Eastern and South-Western) | Arcadia; Ardbennie; Braeside; Chadcombe; Cranborne; Glen Norah; Graniteside; Harare Airport; Hatfield; Highfield; Lochinvar; Logan Park; Malvern; Mbare; Park Meadowlands; Parktown; Prospect; Southerton; Waterfalls; Willowvale; Workington |
| Western (incl. North-Western) | Adylinn; Avonlea; Avondale West; Belvedere; Belvedere South; Bluff Hill; Emerald Hill; Greencroft; Kuwadzana; Mabelreign; Marlborough; Meyrick Park; Milton Park; Ridgeview; Sentosa; Strathaven; Westgate; Mufakose |
Notable landmarks and institutions
- Barbourfields Stadium
- CBZ Holdings
- Cairns Holdings
- Data Control & Systems
- Dynamos F.C.
- Gwanzura
- 44 Harvest House
- Mbare Musika
- Mushandirapamwe Hotel
- National Gallery of Zimbabwe
- Net*One
- Parirenyatwa Hospital
- Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Harare
- Rufaro Stadium
- Sam Nujoma Street
- St. John's College, Harare
- University of Zimbabwe
- Queen Victoria Museum
- Zimbabwe Stock Exchange
- Zimbabwe grounds
- Zimbabwe Museum of Human Sciences
International Venue
Harare has been the location of several international summits such as the 8th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement (6 September 1986) and Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (1991). 44 Harvest House, also known simply as Harvest House, is a six storey building in Harare, Zimbabwe, located at 44 Nelson Mandela Avenue and Angwa Barbourfields Stadium is a multi-use Stadium in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. CBZ Holdings is a Financial services company of Zimbabwe. The Company is based in Harare and its name is abbreviated to CBZH. Cairns Holdings is a company of Zimbabwe. It is principally a Food company and is based in Harare. Data Control & Systems was a company formed in Zimbabwe to provide Internet access to the whole nation from 1994 onwards Dynamos Football Club is a Zimbabwean football club based in Mbare Harare, founded in 1963 by Sam Dauya. Gwanzura is a football stadium in Highfield Harare. It is bordered by Mushandirapamwe Hotel, Machipisa council bar bus station Jerusalem suburb and by 44 Harvest House, also known simply as Harvest House, is a six storey building in Harare, Zimbabwe, located at 44 Nelson Mandela Avenue and Angwa Mbare Musika is the major trading market for vegetables and fruits in Mbare suburb of Harare Zimbabwe. Mushandirapamwe Hotel is a hotel at Machipisa Shopping Centre in Highfield Harare Zimbabwe. The National Gallery of Zimbabwe (NGZ is a gallery in Harare, Zimbabwe, dedicated to the presentation and conservation of Zimbabwe ’s Contemporary Net*One was the first cellular network operator in Zimbabwe based on the Global System for Mobile Communications. Parirenyatwa General Hospital is the largest medical centre in Zimbabwe. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Harare ( Latin: Hararen(sis in Zimbabua) is the Metropolitan See for the Ecclesiastical Province Rufaro Stadium is a multi-use Stadium in Harare, Zimbabwe. It is currently used mostly for football matches Sam Nujoma Street is one of the main streets of Harare, Zimbabwe. St John's College is based in the capital city of Harare, Zimbabwe. The University of Zimbabwe (UZ, is the first and largest university in Zimbabwe. The Queen Victoria Museum is a Museum in Harare, Zimbabwe. The Zimbabwe Stock Exchange, or ZSE, is a small but active Stock exchange in Africa. The Zimbabwe Grounds are an area within Highfield Suburb on the south of Zimbabwe Capaital Harare The Zimbabwe Museum of Human Sciences is a Museum in Harare, Zimbabwe. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, abbreviated to CHOGM, is a biennial Summit meeting of the heads of government from all Commonwealth The latter produced the Harare Declaration, dictating the membership criteria of the Commonwealth. The Harare Commonwealth Declaration was a declaration of the Commonwealth of Nations, setting out the Commonwealth's core principles and values detailing the Commonwealth's Commonwealth of Nations membership criteria are the corpus of requirements that members and prospective members must meet to be allowed to participate in the Commonwealth of Nations In 1995, Harare hosted most of the 6th All-Africa Games, sharing the event with other Zimbabwean cities such as Bulawayo and Chitungwiza. The All-Africa Games, sometimes called the African Games or Pan African Games, are a regional Multi-sport event held every four years organized by the Bulawayo is the second largest city in Zimbabwe, after the capital Harare, with a population of 676000 (UN Humanitarian Co-ordinator Zimbabwe 2005 now estimated Chitungwiza - known coloquially as Chi Town - is a high-density Dormitory town in Zimbabwe.
Transportation
A public transportation system of buses, run by ZUPCO has crumbled in recent years. Instead there has been a proliferation of privately owned companies that operate commuter omnibuses. With the advent of the fuel crisis in the country, the government introduced commuter trains in order to ease transport shortages.
Harare International Airport serves Harare. Harare International Airport is an Airport in Harare, Zimbabwe. The National Railways of Zimbabwe, NRZ operate a daily overnight passenger train service that runs from Harare to Mutare and another one from Harare to Bulawayo. The National Railways of Zimbabwe ( NRZ) is the Parastatal railway of Zimbabwe. Mutare (known as Umtali until 1982 is the fourth largest city in Zimbabwe, with a population of approximately 189000 Bulawayo is the second largest city in Zimbabwe, after the capital Harare, with a population of 676000 (UN Humanitarian Co-ordinator Zimbabwe 2005 now estimated
Current developments
In the early 21st century Harare has been adversely affected by the political and economic crisis that is currently plaguing Zimbabwe, after the contested 2002 presidential election and 2005 parliamentary elections. The elected council was replaced by a government-appointed commission for alleged inefficiency, but essential services such as rubbish collection and street repairs have rapidly worsened, and are now virtually non-existent. In May 2006 the Zimbabwean newspaper the Financial Gazette, described the city in an editorial as a "sunshine city-turned-sewage farm". The Financial Gazette is a weekly English language Newspaper published in Zimbabwe. [5]
In May 2005 the Zimbabwean government demolished shantytowns in Harare and the other cities in the country in Operation Murambatsvina (Operation "Drive Out Trash"). Shanty towns (also called Squatter camps or Favelas are settlements (sometimes illegal or unauthorized of impoverished people who live in improvised Operation Murambatsvina ( English: Operation Drive Out Trash or Operation Drive Out Rubbish) also officially known as Operation Restore Order This caused a sharp reaction in the international community because it took place without prior warning and no advance plans were made to provide alternative housing. It was widely alleged that the true purpose of the campaign was to punish the urban poor for supporting the opposition Movement for Democratic Change and to reduce the likelihood of mass action against the government by driving people out of the cities. The Movement for Democratic Change ( MDC) is a Zimbabwean Political party. The government claimed it was necessitated by a rise of criminality and disease.
This was followed by Operation Chikerema (Operation "Better Living") a year later which consisted of building inadequate concrete shacks with no electricity, plumbing or other infrastructure in poorly accessible areas.
Sister cities
Image gallery
 Sam Nujoma Street, view south |
 Anglican cathedral |
 African Unity Square (formerly Cecil Square) |
 Downtown Harare, Reserve Bank ahead |
 Harare Skyline |
 Along parliament buildings |
 Harare Central Station |
References
- ^ Google Earth
- ^ Journal of Frederick Courtney Selous, Rhodesiana Reprint Library, Salisbury, 1969
- ^ Average for years 1965-1995, Goddard Institute of Space Studies World Climate database
- ^ Global Historic Climate Network database NGDC
- ^ Financial Gazette editorial of 17 May 2006 "Zimbabwe: It's Chombo's Fault" [1]
See also
- Suburbs of Harare
- Place names in Zimbabwe
- Provinces of Zimbabwe
- Districts of Zimbabwe
External links
- Harare is at coordinates Coordinates:
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