A happening is a performance, event or situation meant to be considered as art. Art refers to a diverse range of Human activities creations and expressions that are appealing to the Senses or Emotions of a human individual Happenings take place anywhere, are often multi-disciplinary, often lack a narrative and frequently seek to involve the audience in some way. Key elements of happenings are planned, but artists sometimes retain room for improvisation. Improvisation (also called extemporization) is the practice of acting singing talking and reacting of making and creating in the moment and in response to the stimulus of

In the later sixties, perhaps due to the depiction in films of hippie culture, the term was used much less specifically to mean any gathering of interest, from a pool hall meetup or a jamming of a few young people to a beer blast or fancy formal party. The Hippie Subculture was originally a Youth movement that began in the United States during the early 1960s and spread around the world A billiard[s], pool or snooker hall (or parlo[u]r or room) (sometimes written poolhall, snookerhall Meetupcom (also called Meetup) is an online Social networking portal that facilitates offline group meetings in various localities around the world A jam session is a Musical act where Musicians gather and play (or "jam") without extensive preparation or predefined Arrangements

Contents 1 History 1.1 Origins 1.2 Around the world 2 See also 3 References 4 External links

History

Origins

Allan Kaprow first coined the term happening in the Spring of 1957 at an art picnic at George Segal's farm to describe the art pieces that were going on. Allan Kaprow ( August 23, 1927 &ndash April 5, 2006) was an American painter assemblagist and a pioneer in establishing the concepts George Segal ( November 26, 1924, New York - June 9 2000, New Brunswick New Jersey was an American painter and Sculptor Happening first appeared in print in the Winter 1959 issue of the Rutgers University undergraduate literary magazine, Anthologist. The mid-20th-century art movement Fluxus had a strong association with Rutgers University. ^[1] The form was imitated and the term was adopted by artists across the U.S., Germany, and Japan. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Jack Kerouac referred to Kaprow as "the Happenings man," and an ad showing a woman floating in outer space declared, "I dreamt I was in a happening in my Maidenform brassiere. Jack Kerouac ( March 12 1922 &ndash October 21 1969) was an American Novelist, Writer, Poet, and Maidenform is a brand of women's Underwear, founded in 1922 by seamstress Ida Rosenthal, her husband William Rosenthal, and Enid Bissett who "

Kaprow’s piece 18 Happenings in 6 Parts (1959) is commonly cited as the first happening, although that distinction is sometimes given to a 1952 performance of Theater Piece No. 1 at Black Mountain College by John Cage, one of Kaprow's teachers in the mid-1950s. Black Mountain College, founded in 1933 near Asheville North Carolina, was known as one of the leading progressive schools in the United States WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> John Milton Cage Jr Cage stood reading from a ladder, Charles Olson read from another ladder, Robert Rauschenberg showed some of his paintings and played scratched phonograph records, David Tudor performed on a prepared piano and Merce Cunningham danced. Charles Olson ( 27 December 1910 &ndash 10 January 1970) was an important 2nd generation American modernist poet The phonograph, or gramophone, was the most common device for playing recorded Sound from the 1870s through the 1980s David Eugene Tudor ( January 20, 1926 – August 13, 1996) was an American Pianist and Composer of Experimental A prepared piano is a Piano which has had its sound altered by placing objects (preparations between or on the strings or on the hammers or dampers See also Merce Cunningham (born April 16, 1919 in Centralia Washington, United States is an American Dancer and choreographer ^[2] All these things took place at the same time, among the audience rather than on a stage. Happenings flourished in New York City in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The City of New York The 1950s Decade refers to the years of 1950 to 1959 inclusive The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 Key contributors to the form included Carolee Schneemann, Red Grooms, Robert Whitman, Jim Dine, Claes Oldenburg and Robert Rauschenberg. Carolee Schneemann (born October 12, 1939 in Fox Chase Pennsylvania) is an American visual artist known for her discourses on the body Red Grooms (born Charles Rogers Grooms on June 7, 1937) is an American Multimedia Artist best known for his Robert Whitman (born 1935 in New York City) is an American Artist best known for his seminal theater pieces of the early Jim Dine (born June 16, 1935) is an American Pop artist He is sometimes considered to be a part of the Neo-Dada movement Claes Oldenburg (born January 28, 1929) is a sculptor, best known for his Public art installations typically featuring very large replicas of Some of their work is documented in Michael Kirby's book Happenings (1966). Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar.

More recently (2005) the work of the JanFamily (London-based) informal artist group has been regarded as the continuation of the Happening movement, in the Tate Modern, Tate Britain, Palais de Tokyo and many other international venues. The Tate Modern in London is Britain 's national museum of international Modern art and is with Tate Britain, Tate Liverpool, Tate Britain is a part of the Tate gallery network in Britain, with Tate Modern, Tate Liverpool and Tate St Ives. The Palais de Tokyo is a contemporary art Museum in Paris, France.

Around the world

Poet and painter Adrian Henri claimed to have organized the first happenings in England in Liverpool in 1962,^[3] taking place during the Merseyside Arts Festival. Adrian Henri ( 10 April 1932 Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary ^[4] The most important event in London was the Albert Hall “International Poetry Incarnation” on June 11, 1965, where an audience of 7,000 people witnessed and participated in performances by some of the leading avant-garde young British and American poets of the day (see British Poetry Revival and Poetry of the United States). The International Poetry Incarnation was an event at the Royal Albert Hall in London on June 11, 1965. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. The British Poetry Revival is the general name given to a loose poetic movement in Britain that took place in the 1960s and 1970s The poetry of the United States arose first during its beginnings as the constitutionally unified Thirteen colonies (although before this a strong One of the participants, Jeff Nuttall, went on to organise a number of further happenings, often working with his friend Bob Cobbing, sound poet and performance poet. Jeff Nuttall ( July 8, 1933 &ndash January 4, 2004) was an English Poet, publisher Actor, painter Bob Cobbing ( 30 July 1920 - 29 September 2002) was a British sound, visual, concrete and Sound poetry is a form of literary or Musical composition in which the Phonetic aspects of Human speech are foregrounded at the expense of more conventional Performance poetry is Poetry that is specifically composed for or during performance before an audience

In Belgium, the first happenings were organized around 1965–1968 in Antwerp, Brussels and Ostend by artists Hugo Heyrman and Panamarenko. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those ||-||-||-||} Antwerp ( Dutch:, French: Anvers) is a City and Municipality in Belgium and the capital of the Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is ||-||-||} Ostend  (  Oostende, French and German Ostende) is a Belgian City and municipality located in the Flemish Hugo Heyrman (also Dr Hugo Heyrman) (born December 20, 1942) is a Belgian painter multimedia artist Panamarenko (pseudonym of Henri Van Herwegen, born in Antwerp, February 5, 1940) is a prominent assemblagist in Flemish

In the Netherlands Provo organized happenings around the little statue "Het Lieverdje" on the Spui, a square in the centre of Amsterdam, from 1966 till 1968. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west Police often raided these events. Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force

In Australia, the Yellow House Artist Collective in Sydney housed 24-hour happenings throughout the early 1970s. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Yellow House was an artists' collective in Sydney, Australia started by artist Martin Sharp. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4

Behind the Iron Curtain, in Poland, artist and theater director Tadeusz Kantor staged the first happenings starting in 1965. The " Iron Curtain " was the symbolic ideological and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II until the end Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Tadeusz Kantor ( April 6, 1915 &ndash December 8, 1990) was a Polish painter, assemblage artist set designer Also, in the second half of 1980s, a student-based happening movement Orange Alternative founded by Major Waldemar Fydrych became known for its much attended happenings (over 10 thousand participants at one time) aimed against the military regime led by General Jaruzelski and the fear blocking the Polish society ever since the Martial Law had been imposed in December 1981. Waldemar "Major" Fydrych (born April 8, 1953) is a Polish activist best known as the founder and leader of the Orange Alternative movement Martial law is the system of rules that takes effect when the military takes control of the normal administration of justice Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981

See also

• Performance art
• Fluxus
• Situationism
• Flash mob
• Fluxus at Rutgers University
• Bread and Puppet Theater
• Gutai group

References

External links

• Happenings in Belgium
• Happenings by Orange Alternative in Poland
• Allan Kaprow on U B U W E B
• Interview with Alan (sic) Kaprow

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