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Haplorrhines[1]
Fossil range: Early Eocene - Recent
Common Squirrel Monkey (Samiri sciureus)
Common Squirrel Monkey (Samiri sciureus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorrhini
Pocock, 1918
Families

Tarsiidae
Cebidae
Aotidae
Pitheciidae
Atelidae
Cercopithecidae
Hylobatidae
Hominidae

The haplorrhines, the "dry-nosed" primates (the Greek name means "simple-nosed"), are members of the Haplorrhini clade: the prosimian tarsiers and all of the true simians (the monkeys and the apes, including humans). The Eocene epoch (558 ± 02 - 339 ± 01 Ma) is a major division of the Geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Palaeogene period in The Common Squirrel Monkey ( Saimiri sciureus) is a small New World Primate from the Cebidae (squirrel monkey family and native to the Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands A primate is a member of the biological order Primates ( Latin: "prime first rank" the group that contains Lemurs the Aye-aye Reginald Innes Pocock FRS ( March 4, 1863 - August 9, 1947) was a British Zoologist. In Biological classification, family ( Latin Tarsiers are Prosimian Primates of the genus Tarsius, a Monotypic genus in the family Tarsiidae, which is itself the The Cebidae form one of the four families of New World monkeys now recognised The Night monkeys, also known as the Owl monkeys or Douroucoulis, are the members of the Genus Aotus of New World monkeys The Pitheciidae are one of the four families of New World monkeys now recognised The Atelidae are one of the four families of New World monkeys now recognised The Old World monkeys or Cercopithecidae are a group of Primates falling in the Superfamily Cercopithecoidea in the Clade Gibbons are the small Apes in the family Hylobatidae. The family is divided into four genera based on their Diploid Chromosome Cladistics is the hierarchical classification of Species based on evolutionary ancestry Prosimians are the most primitive extant Primates they have characteristics similar to forms that were ancestral to Monkeys Apes and Tarsiers are Prosimian Primates of the genus Tarsius, a Monotypic genus in the family Tarsiidae, which is itself the The simians ( Infraorder Simiiformes) are the "higher Primates quot familiar to most people the Monkeys and the Apes including A monkey is any member of either the New World monkeys or Old World monkeys two of the three groupings of Simian Primates the third group being

The omomyids are an extinct group of prosimians, believed to be more closely related to the tarsiers than to any strepsirrhines, and are considered the most primitive haplorrhines. Omomyids (members of the family Omomyidae) are a diverse group of extinct primates that radiated during the Eocene epoch between about 55 and 34 million

Haplorrhines are considered to be less primitive than the strepsirrhine "wet-nosed" primates (whose Greek name means "curved nose"), the other suborder of primates. The Clade Strepsirrhini is one of the two Suborders of Primates One of the most distinguishing characteristic of these 118 species is their Wet The haplorrhines, including tarsiers, have all lost the function of the terminal enzyme which manufactures vitamin C, while the strepsirrhine prosimians, like most other orders of mammals, have retained this enzyme and the ability to manufacture vitamin C. [2]. The haplorrhine upper lip, which has replaced the ancestral rhinarium found in strepsirrhines, is not directly connected to their nose or gum, allowing a large range of facial expressions. The rhinarium is the wet naked surface around the Nostrils of the Nose in most mammals Their brain to body ratio is significantly greater than the strepsirrhines, and their primary sense is vision. Unlike the strepsirhines, haplorrhines have a post-orbital plate. Most species are diurnal (the exceptions being the tarsiers and the night monkeys) and have trichromatic color vision. In Animal behavior, diurnality indicates an Animal that is active during the Daytime and rests during the Night. The Night monkeys, also known as the Owl monkeys or Douroucoulis, are the members of the Genus Aotus of New World monkeys Trichromacy is the condition of possessing three independent channels for conveying Color information derived from the three different cone types Their hands and feet are more generally adapted, with specialization only for locomotion, such as the hooked hands common to gibbons and orangutans, or the human bipedal feet. Gibbons are the small Apes in the family Hylobatidae. The family is divided into four genera based on their Diploid Chromosome The orangutans are two Species of great apes known for their intelligence long arms and reddish-brown hair

All of the simians have a single-chambered uterus; tarsiers have a bicornate uterus like the strepsirrhines. Most species typically have single births, although twins and triplets are common for marmosets and tamarins. Marmosets are New World monkeys of the genus Callithrix, which contains 18 species The tamarins are any of the Squirrel -sized New World monkeys from the family Cebidae, classified as the genus Saguinus. Despite similar gestation periods, haplorrhine newborns are relatively much larger than strepsirrhine newborns, but have a longer dependence period on their mother. This difference in size and dependence is credited to the increased complexity of their behavior and natural history.

Classification and evolution

Haplorrhini and its sister clade, Strepsirrhini ("wet-nosed" primates), parted ways about 63 million years ago (mya). Approximately 5 million years later (58mya), only a short time afterward from an evolutionary perspective, the infraorder Tarsiiformes, whose only remaining family is that of the tarsier (Tarsiidae), branched off from the other haplorrhines. Tarsiers are Prosimian Primates of the genus Tarsius, a Monotypic genus in the family Tarsiidae, which is itself the Tarsiers are Prosimian Primates of the genus Tarsius, a Monotypic genus in the family Tarsiidae, which is itself the This could explain why the prosimian tarsiers show characteristics which once caused them to be grouped with the strepsirrhines.

The remaining clade (Simiiformes [formerly Anthropoidea]) is divided into two parvorders: Platyrrhini (the New World monkeys) and Catarrhini (the Old World monkeys and apes). The simians ( Infraorder Simiiformes) are the "higher Primates quot familiar to most people the Monkeys and the Apes including The New World monkeys are the four families of Primates that are found in Central and South America: Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae The New World monkeys are the four families of Primates that are found in Central and South America: Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae Catarrhini is a Parvorder of the Primates, one of the three major divisions of the Suborder Haplorrhini. The Old World monkeys or Cercopithecidae are a group of Primates falling in the Superfamily Cercopithecoidea in the Clade The New World monkeys split from the Old World about 40 mya, while the apes diverged from the Old World monkeys about 25 mya. The current theory has the ape/monkey split happening in Africa. However, the recent discovery of three new anthropoid fossils (Bugtipithecus inexpectans, Phileosimias kamali and Phileosimias brahuiorum) in Pakistan's Bugti Hills is causing some scientists to revise this thinking. Anthropoid came from the Greek for "of human likeness" FOSSIL is a standard protocol for allowing serial communication for Telecommunications programs under the DOS Operating system. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Bugti Hills are a range of hills in eastern Balochistan, Pakistan.

In the cladist perspective of daughter groups nested within ancestral groups, humans and extinct bipedal humanoids, (including australopithecines, Kenyanthropus platyops and a few others) -are grouped together in the tribe Hominini. The term australopithecine refers to two very closely related genera within the Hominina subtribe of the Hominini tribe. Kenyanthropus platyops is a 35 to 32 million year old ( Pliocene) Extinct Hominin Species that was discovered in Lake Turkana Hominini is the tribe of Homininae that comprises humans ( Homo) Chimpanzees ( Pan) and their Extinct ancestors Hominines are classed together with knuckle-walking apes (formerly known as pongids) and are collectively referred to as great apes [Hominidae] because they each possess all the traits indicative of that clade. The orangutans are two Species of great apes known for their intelligence long arms and reddish-brown hair Similarly, all apes, large or small, living or extinct, (including humans) still share all the definitive biological traits of Haplorrhini in general, and Catarrhini specifically, and are members of each of those clades also.

References

  1. ^ Groves, Colin (16 November 2005). A primate is a member of the biological order Primates ( Latin: "prime first rank" the group that contains Lemurs the Aye-aye The Clade Strepsirrhini is one of the two Suborders of Primates One of the most distinguishing characteristic of these 118 species is their Wet Tarsiers are Prosimian Primates of the genus Tarsius, a Monotypic genus in the family Tarsiidae, which is itself the Tarsiers are Prosimian Primates of the genus Tarsius, a Monotypic genus in the family Tarsiidae, which is itself the The simians ( Infraorder Simiiformes) are the "higher Primates quot familiar to most people the Monkeys and the Apes including The New World monkeys are the four families of Primates that are found in Central and South America: Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae The Cebidae form one of the four families of New World monkeys now recognised The Night monkeys, also known as the Owl monkeys or Douroucoulis, are the members of the Genus Aotus of New World monkeys The Pitheciidae are one of the four families of New World monkeys now recognised The Atelidae are one of the four families of New World monkeys now recognised Catarrhini is a Parvorder of the Primates, one of the three major divisions of the Suborder Haplorrhini. The Old World monkeys or Cercopithecidae are a group of Primates falling in the Superfamily Cercopithecoidea in the Clade The Old World monkeys or Cercopithecidae are a group of Primates falling in the Superfamily Cercopithecoidea in the Clade Gibbons are the small Apes in the family Hylobatidae. The family is divided into four genera based on their Diploid Chromosome Colin Groves is Professor of Biological Anthropology at the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia. Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. in Wilson, D. E. , and Reeder, D. M. (eds): Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, 127-184. ISBN 0-801-88221-4.  
  2. ^ Am J Phys Anthropol. 1987 May;73(1):65-70. Vitamin C biosynthesis in prosimians: evidence for the anthropoid affinity of Tarsius. Pollock JI, Mullin RJ. [PMID 3113259]
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