| Haplogroup J | |
| Time of origin | 45000 years before present |
| Place of origin | Western Asia |
| Ancestor | JT |
| Defining mutations | J* = 16069. Haplogroup JT is a Human Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA Haplogroup. (CR) 10398G, 12612G, 13708A. The coding region of a Gene is the portion of DNA or RNA that is transcribed into another RNA, such as a messenger RNA J1* = 16261. J1a = 16222, 16172. J2 = 16193. (CR) 7476T, 15257A. The coding region of a Gene is the portion of DNA or RNA that is transcribed into another RNA, such as a messenger RNA J2a = 16231. (CR) 10499G, 11377A. The coding region of a Gene is the portion of DNA or RNA that is transcribed into another RNA, such as a messenger RNA J2a1 = (CR) 1850C, 7789A, 13722G, 14133G. The coding region of a Gene is the portion of DNA or RNA that is transcribed into another RNA, such as a messenger RNA J1b = 14798. J1c = 16193. J2b = 16193, 16278. |
Haplogroup J is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus Mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA) is the DNA located in Organelles called mitochondria. In the study of Molecular evolution, a haplogroup, from "ἁπλο-" (Greek haplo-: simple or single + "group" is a group of similar Haplotypes Haplogroup J derives from the haplogroup JT, which also gave rise to Haplogroup T. Haplogroup JT is a Human Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA Haplogroup. Haplogroup T is a Human Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA Haplogroup. Haplogroup T derives from the haplogroup JT, which also gave rise to Haplogroup In his popular book The Seven Daughters of Eve, Bryan Sykes named the originator of this mtDNA haplogroup Jasmine. The Seven Daughters of Eve (2001 ISBN 0-393-02018-5 is a book by Bryan Sykes that presents the theory of Human mitochondrial genetics to a general audience Bryan Sykes is Professor of Human Genetics at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Wolfson College. Within the field of medical genetics, certain polymorphisms specific to haplogroup J have been associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Medical genetics is the specialty of Medicine that involves the diagnosis and management of Hereditary disorders Medical genetics differs from Human genetics Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON or Leber optic atrophy is a mitochondrially inherited (mother to all offspring degeneration of Retinal [1]
Contents |
Origins
Around 45,000 years before present, a mutation took place in the DNA of a woman who lived in the Caucasus region. Further mutations took place in the J line which can be identified as J1a1 (27,000 yrs ago), J2a (19,000 yrs ago), J2b2 (16,000 years ago), J2b3 (5,800 yrs ago), etc. Haplogroup J (along with ‘T’) is associated with the spread of farming and herding in Europe during the Neolithic Era (8,000-10,000 yrs ago). All other West Eurasian-origin groups (H, V, U, K, W, I, X) were previously given to hunting and gathering.
Locale
Average frequency of J Haplogroup as a whole is highest in the Near East (12%), followed by Europe (11%), Caucasus (8%) and North Africa (6%). Of the two main sub-groups, J1 takes up four-fifths of the total and is spread on the continent while J2 is more localised around the Mediterranean, Greece, Italy/Sardinia and Spain. In Pakistan, where West Eurasian lineages occur at frequencies of up to 50% in some ethno-linguistic groups, J1 averages around 5%, while J2 occurrence is very rare. Intriguingly, however, it is found amongst 9% of Kalash, a small ethnic community dwelling in the Hindu Kush mountains of Pakistan. The Kalash ( Nuristani: Kasivo) or Kalasha, are an ethnic group of the Hindu Kush mountain range residing in the Chitral district
Distribution within Europe
Within Europe, >2% frequency distribution of mtDNA J is as follows [2]:
J* = Ireland - 12%, England-Wales - 11%, Scotland - 9%, Orkney - 8%, Germany - 7%, Russia (European) - 7%, Iceland - 7%, Austria-Switzerland - 5%, Finland-Estonia - 5%, Spain-Portugal - 4%, France-Italy - 3%
J1a = Austria-Switzerland - 3%
J1b1 = Scotland - 4%
J2 = France-Italy - 2%
J2a = Homogenously spread in Europe. Absent in the nations around the Caucasus. Not known to be found elsewhere. [1]
J2b1 = Virtually absent in Europe. Found in diverse forms in the Near East. [2]
Coalescence times for the subclades of mitochondrial haplogroup J
| Subclade | European coalescence time [3] | Near East coalescence time [4] |
|---|---|---|
| J1a1 | 27,300 years (+/− 8,000 years) | 17,700 years (+/− 2,500 years) |
| J1a2 | 7,700 years (+/− 3,500 years) | — |
| J1b | 5,000 years (+/− 2,200 years) | 23,300 years (+/− 4,300 years) |
| J2a | 19,200 years(+/− 6,900 years) | — |
| J2b1 | — | 15,000 years (+/− 5000 years) |
| J2b2 | 161,600* years (+/− 8,100 years) | 16,000 years (+/− 5,700 years) |
| J2b3 | 5,800 years (+/− 2,900 years) | — |
*Typographical error from original source material as per time table describing the spread of populations given in the same study. The margin of error is a statistic expressing the amount of random Sampling error in a survey 's results The margin of error is a statistic expressing the amount of random Sampling error in a survey 's results The margin of error is a statistic expressing the amount of random Sampling error in a survey 's results The margin of error is a statistic expressing the amount of random Sampling error in a survey 's results The margin of error is a statistic expressing the amount of random Sampling error in a survey 's results The margin of error is a statistic expressing the amount of random Sampling error in a survey 's results The margin of error is a statistic expressing the amount of random Sampling error in a survey 's results The margin of error is a statistic expressing the amount of random Sampling error in a survey 's results The margin of error is a statistic expressing the amount of random Sampling error in a survey 's results The margin of error is a statistic expressing the amount of random Sampling error in a survey 's results
References
See also
External links
- J1 (& subclades) mt-Haplogroup project at FTDNA
- J2 (& subclades) mt-Haplogroup project at FTDNA
- mt Haplogroup J & Longevity; Article mentioning "frequency of the J haplogroup was notably higher in centenarians than in younger individuals" [5] [6]
| most recent common mt-ancestor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| L0 | L1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 | L7 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| M | N | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CZ | D | E | G | Q | A | I | R | S | W | X | Y | |||||||||||||||
| C | Z | B | F | pre-HV | pre-JT | P | UK | |||||||||||||||||||
| HV | JT | U | K | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| H | V | J | T | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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