This article is about the historical concept. For the modern, please see Hanseatic Parliament

The Hanseatic League (also: the Hansa) was an alliance of trading guilds that established and maintained a trade monopoly over the Baltic Sea, to a certain extent the North Sea, and most of Northern Europe for a time in the Late Middle Ages and the early modern period, between the 13th and 17th centuries. The Hanseatic Parliament (Hanse Parlament is an association of business chambers (Chambers of Crafts Chambers of Commerce and similar around the Baltic Sea Region with the common goal A military alliance is an agreement between two or more military factions related to Wartime planning commitments or contingencies such agreements can be both Trade is the willing exchange of goods, services, or both Trade is also called Commerce. A guild is an association of craftsmen in a particular trade The earliest guilds were formed as confraternities of workers In Economics, a monopoly (from Greek monos, alone or single + polein, to sell exists when a specific individual or enterprise has sufficient The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude. The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf. Northern Europe is a term for the northern part of Europe. The United Nations defines Northern Europe as (Finland The Late Middle Ages is a term used by historians to describe European history in the period of the 14th and 15th centuries (AD 1300–1499 The early modern period is a term initially used by historians to refer mainly to the period roughly from 1500 to 1800 in Western Europe ( Early modern Europe) As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar

Contents 1 History 1.1 Foundation 1.2 Expansion 1.3 Zenith 1.4 Downfall 1.5 End of the Hansa 1.6 Historical maps 2 Lists of former Hansa cities 2.1 Members of the Hanseatic League 2.1.1 Wendish Circle 2.1.2 Saxony, Thuringia, Brandenburg Circle 2.1.3 Poland, Prussia, Livonia, Sweden Circle 2.1.4 Rhine, Westphalia, the Netherlands Circle 2.2 Counting houses 2.2.1 Principal Kontore 2.2.2 Subsidiary Kontore 2.3 Other cities with a Hansa community 3 See also 4 Fictional references 5 References 6 External links

History

Historians generally trace the origins of the League to the rebuilding of the North German town of Lübeck in 1159 by Duke Henry the Lion of the Duchy of Saxony, after Henry had captured the area from Count Adolf II of Holstein. Northern Germany is the geographic area in the north of Germany. Lübeck ( is the second largest City in Schleswig-Holstein, in Northern Germany, and one of the major Henry the Lion ( German: Heinrich der Löwe; 1129 &ndash 6 August 1195) was a member of the Guelph dynasty and Duke of Saxony The mediæval Duchy of Saxony was a late Early Middle Ages "Carolingian Stem duchy " covering the greater part of Northern Germany. Adolf II (c 1128 &ndash 6 July 1164) was the Count of Schauenburg and Holstein from 1130 until his death though he was briefly out of Holstein

Exploratory trading adventures, raids and piracy had happened earlier throughout the Baltic (see Vikings) — the sailors of Gotland sailed up rivers as far away as Novgorod, for example — but the scale of international economy in the Baltic area remained insignificant before the growth of the Hanseatic League. A raid can refer to either a military tactic, or a larger Grand Tactical or Operational warfare mission which require the execution of a plan where Piracy is Robbery committed at sea or sometimes on shore without a commission from a sovereign Nation (as distinct from Privateering A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas is a county, province and municipality of Sweden and the largest Island in the Baltic Sea. Veliky Novgorod (Вели́кий Но́вгород is the foremost historic city of North-Western Russia and the administrative center of Novgorod An economic system is a System that involves the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services between

German cities achieved domination of trade in the Baltic with striking speed over the next century, and Lübeck became a central node in all the sea-borne trade that linked the areas around the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf. The 15th century saw the climax of Lübeck's hegemony. Visby, one of the midwives of the Hanseatic League in 1358, declined to become a member. Visby is the only city on the Swedish Island of Gotland; it is arguably the best-preserved Medieval city in Scandinavia Visby dominated trade in the Baltic before the Hanseatic League, and with its monopolistic ideology, suppressed the Gotlandic free-trade competition.

Foundation

Lübeck became a base for merchants from Saxony and Westphalia to spread east and north. Merchants function as professionals who deal with Trade, dealing in commodities that they do not produce themselves in order to produce Profit. Westphalia (Westfalen) is a region in Germany, centred on the cities of Bielefeld, Bochum, Dortmund, Gelsenkirchen, Münster Well before the term Hanse appeared in a document (1267), merchants in a given city began to form guilds or Hansa with the intention of trading with towns overseas, especially in the less-developed eastern Baltic area, a source of timber, wax, amber, resins, furs, even rye and wheat brought down on barges from the hinterland to port markets. A guild is an association of craftsmen in a particular trade The earliest guilds were formed as confraternities of workers Lumber or timber is Wood in any of its stages from felling through readiness for use as structural Material for Construction, or Wax has traditionally referred to a substance that is secreted by Bees ( Beeswax) and used by them in constructing their Amber is Fossil tree Resin, which is appreciated for its color and beauty Resin, not to be confused with Rosin, is a Hydrocarbon Secretion of many Plants particularly coniferous trees. Fur is a body hair of any non-human Mammal, also known as the Pelage. Rye ( Secale cereale) is a grass grown extensively as a grain and forage crop Wheat ( Triticum spp is a worldwide cultivated grass from the Levant area of the Middle East. BARGE, the Big August RecGambling Excursion is a yearly convention held in Las Vegas during the first weekend of August The hinterland is the land or district behind the borders of a coast or river

Visby functioned as the leading centre in the Baltic before the Hansa. For 100 years the Germans sailed under the Gotlandic flag to Novgorod. Sailing east, Visby merchants established a branch at Novgorod. To begin with the Germans used the Gotlandic Gutagard. With the influx of too many merchants the Gotlanders arranged their own trading stations for the German Petershof further up from the river — see a translation of the grant^[1] of privileges to merchants in 1229. Before the foundation of the Hanseatic league in 1358 the word Hanse did not occur in the Baltic. The Gotlanders used the word varjag.

Hansa societies worked to acquire special trade privileges for their members. For example, the merchants of the Cologne Hansa contrived to convince Henry II of England to grant them (1157) special trading privileges and market rights which freed them from all London tolls and allowed them to trade at fairs throughout England. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The "Queen of the Hansa", Lübeck, where traders trans-shipped goods between the North Sea and the Baltic, gained the Imperial privilege of becoming an Imperial city in 1227, the only such city east of the River Elbe. In the Holy Roman Empire, a free imperial city (in German: freie Reichsstadt) was a City formally ruled by the Emperor only &mdash The Elbe ( die Elbe Low German: de Ilv) is one of the major Rivers of Central Europe.

Lübeck, which had access to the Baltic and North Sea fishing grounds, formed an alliance in 1241 with Hamburg, another trading city, which controlled access to salt-trade routes from Lüneburg. Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany Lüneburg, also known as Lueneburg and Lunenburg in English, is a City in Lower Saxony, Germany. The allied cities gained control over most of the salt-fish trade, especially the Scania Market; and Cologne joined them in the Diet of 1260. In Food preparation curing refers to various preservation and Flavoring processes especially of Meat or Fish, by the addition of Scania Market was a major Fish market for Herring which took place annually in Scania during the Middle Ages. In Politics, a diet is a formal Deliberative assembly. The term is derived from Medieval Latin dietas, and ultimately comes from In 1266 Henry III of England granted the Lübeck and Hamburg Hansa a charter for operations in England, and the Cologne Hansa joined them in 1282 to form the most powerful Hanseatic colony in London. Henry III (1 October 1207 &ndash 16 November 1272 was the son and successor of John "Lackland" as King of England, reigning for fifty-six years from 1216 Much of the drive for this co-operation came from the fragmented nature of existing territorial government, which failed to provide security for trade. Over the next 50 years the Hansa itself emerged with formal agreements for confederation and co-operation covering the west and east trade routes. The chief city and linchpin remained Lübeck; with the first general Diet of the Hansa held there in 1356, the Hanseatic League acquired an official structure and could date its official founding.

Expansion

Lübeck's location on the Baltic provided access for trade with Scandinavia and Russia, putting it in direct competition with the Scandinavians who had previously controlled most of the Baltic trade routes. Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well Early history Pre-Slavic inhabitants See also Steppe nomads, Scythians, Bosporan Kingdom, Khazaria In prehistoric times A treaty with the Visby Hansa put an end to competition: through this treaty the Lübeck merchants also gained access to the inland Russian port of Novgorod, where they built a trading post or Kontor. The Novgorod Republic (Новгородская республика / Novgorodskaya respublika Новгородская земьля / Novgorodskaya zemlja) was a A Kontor was a foreign trading post of the Hanseatic League. In addition to the major Kontore in London ( Steelyard) Bruges Other such alliances formed throughout the Holy Roman Empire. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in The League never became a closely-managed formal organisation. Assemblies of the Hanseatic towns met irregularly in Lübeck for a Hansetag, from 1356 onwards, but many towns chose not to send representatives and decisions were not binding individual cities. Over time, the network of alliances grew to include a flexible roster of 70 to 170 cities. ^[2]

The league succeeded in establishing additional Kontors in Bruges (Flanders), Bergen (Norway), and London (England). Bruges (Brugge is the capital and largest city of the province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium. The County of Flanders was a historical region in the Low Countries. is the second largest city in Norway. It is located on the south-western coast of Norway in the county of Hordaland in between a group of mountains known as De syv fjell London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. These trading posts became significant enclaves. The London Kontor, established in 1320, stood west of London Bridge near Upper Thames Street. London Bridge is a Bridge between the City of London and Southwark in London, England, over the River Thames. (Cannon Street station occupies the site now. Cannon Street is a National Rail and London Underground station complex in the City of London, the financial district of London in Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ) It grew significantly over time into a walled community with its own warehouses, weighhouse, church, offices and houses, reflecting the importance and scale of the activity carried on. The first reference to it as the Steelyard (der Stahlhof) occurs in 1422. The Steelyard, from the German Stalhof, was in the Middle Ages the main trading base of the Hanseatic League in London.

In addition to the major Kontors, individual Hanseatic ports had a representative merchant and warehouse. In England this happened in Boston, Bristol, Bishop's Lynn (now King's Lynn), which features the sole remaining Hanseatic warehouse in England, Hull, Ipswich, Norwich, Yarmouth (now Great Yarmouth), and York. Boston ( is a town and small Port in Lincolnshire, on the east coast of England. Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London King's Lynn is a town and Port in Norfolk, England. Over the years the town has been known variously as Bishop's Lynn and Lynn Regis Kingston upon Hull ( almost invariably referred Ipswich ( ˈɪpswɪtʃ is a Non-metropolitan district and the County town of Suffolk, England on the Estuary of the River Orwell History Roman The Romans had their regional capital at Venta Icenorum on the river to the south which is near modern-day Caistor St Edmund Great Yarmouth, often known to locals as Yarmouth, is a Coastal Town in Norfolk, England. York ( is an historic Walled city sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England.

The League primarily traded timber, furs, resin (or tar), flax, honey, wheat, and rye from the east to Flanders and England with cloth (and, increasingly, manufactured goods) going in the other direction. Metal ore (principally copper and iron) and herring came southwards from Sweden.

German colonists under strict Hansa supervision built numerous Hansa cities on and near the east Baltic coast, such as Danzig (Gdańsk), Elbing (Elblag), Thorn (Toruń), Reval (Tallinn), Riga, and Dorpat (Tartu), some of which still retain many Hansa buildings and bear the style of their Hanseatic days. Gdańsk ( Polish pronunciation; 'Danzig', Gduńsk Gedania Dantiscum is the City at the centre of the fourth-largest Metropolitan area in Poland Elbląg (Elbing Elbinga is a City in northern Poland with 127892 inhabitants (2006 Toruń Lublin Voivodeship Toruń (Thorn Torń Thorunium see also other names) is a city in northern Poland, on the Vistula River with population Tallinn (historically known by the German, Swedish and Danish name Reval or the Polish name Rewal, among other names Riga (Rīga riːga) the Capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of the river Daugava. Tartu is the second largest City of Estonia. In contrast to Estonia's political and financial capital Tallinn, Tartu is often considered the intellectual Most were founded under Lübeck law, which provided that they had to appeal in all legal matters to Lübeck's city council. The Lübeck law was the constitution of a municipal form of government developed at Lübeck in Schleswig-Holstein after it was made a free city in 1226 The Livonian Confederation incorporated parts of modern-day Estonia and Latvia and had its own Hanseatic parliament (diet); all of its major towns became members of the Hanseatic League. The Livonian Confederation was established in 1418 covering the territories of present day Estonia and Latvia. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. The dominant language of trade was Middle Low German, a dialect with significant impact for countries involved in the trade, particularly the larger Scandinavian languages. Middle Low German ( ISO 639 -3 code gml) is a Language that is the descendant of Old Saxon and is the ancestor of modern Low German. The North Germanic languages or Scandinavian languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the Indo-European languages

Zenith

The League had a fluid structure, but its members shared some characteristics. A crane is a lifting machine equipped with a Winder, Wire ropes or Chains and sheaves that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to is the second largest city in Norway. It is located on the south-western coast of Norway in the county of Hordaland in between a group of mountains known as De syv fjell Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional First, most of the Hansa cities either started as independent cities or gained independence through the collective bargaining power of the League. Such independence remained limited, however. The Hanseatic free imperial cities owed allegiance directly to the Holy Roman Emperor, without any intermediate tie to the local nobility. In the Holy Roman Empire, a free imperial city (in German: freie Reichsstadt) was a City formally ruled by the Emperor only &mdash The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states Another similarity involved the cities' strategic locations along trade routes. In fact, at the height of its power in the late 1300s, the merchants of the Hanseatic League succeeded in using their economic clout (and sometimes their military might - trade routes needed protecting, and the League's ships sailed well-armed) to influence imperial policy.

The League also wielded power abroad: between 1368 and 1370, Hansa ships unified in the Confederation of Cologne fought against the Danes, and forced King Valdemar IV of Denmark to grant the League 15 percent of the profits from Danish trade (Treaty of Stralsund, 1370) and an effective trade monopoly in Scandinavia. The Confederation of Cologne was a Mediaeval Military alliance against Denmark signed 1367 by cities of the Hanseatic League on their meeting Valdemar Atterdag (c 1320 &ndash October 24, 1375) was a King of Denmark (1340 - 1375 The Treaty of Stralsund ( May 24, 1370) ended the war between the Hanseatic League and the kingdom of Denmark. The Hansa also waged a vigorous campaign against pirates. Between 1392 and 1440, maritime trade of the League faced danger from raids of the Victual Brothers and their descendants, privateers hired in 1392 by Albert of Mecklenburg against the Queen Margaret I of Denmark. The Victual Brothers resp Vitalians or Vitalian Brotherhood were a companionship of Privateers who later turned to piracy A privateer was a private Warship authorized by a country's Government by Letters of marque to attack foreign shipping Albert of Sweden (or Albrecht von Mecklenburg in German or Albrekt av Mecklenburg in Swedish (c Margaret Valdemarsdatter (Margrete Valdemarsdotter ( 1353 - October 28 1412) was Queen of Denmark and of Norway and Regent of In the Dutch-Hanseatic War (1438—41), the merchants of Amsterdam sought and eventually won free access to the Baltic and broke the Hansa monopoly. The war ended with the Treaty of Copenhagen (1441. Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west As an essential part of protecting their investment in trade and ships, the League trained pilots and erected lighthouses. A pilot is a Mariner who guides Ships through dangerous or congested waters such as Harbours or River mouths Legally the master remains

Exclusive trade routes often came at a high price. Most foreign cities confined the Hansa traders to certain trading areas and to their own trading posts. They could seldom, if ever, interact with the local inhabitants, except in the matter of actual negotiation. Moreover, many people, merchant and noble alike, envied the power of the League. For example, in London the local merchants exerted continuing pressure for the revocation of the privileges of the League. The refusal of the Hansa to offer reciprocal arrangements to their English counterparts exacerbated the tension. King Edward IV of England reconfirmed the league's privileges in the Treaty of Utrecht (1474) despite this hostility, in part thanks to the significant financial contribution the League made to the Yorkist side during The Wars of the Roses. Edward IV ( 28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 until 2 October The Treaty of Utrecht (1474 ended the Anglo-Hanseatic War between England and the Hanseatic League. The Wars of the Roses (1455–1485 were a series of dynastic Civil wars fought in England between supporters of the Houses of Lancaster and York A century later, in 1597, Queen Elizabeth I of England expelled the League from London and the Steelyard closed the following year. The Steelyard, from the German Stalhof, was in the Middle Ages the main trading base of the Hanseatic League in London. The very existence of the League and its privileges and monopolies created economic and social tensions that often crept over into rivalry between League members.

Downfall

The economic crises of the late 14th century did not spare the Hansa. Nevertheless, its eventual rivals emerged in the form of the territorial states, whether new or revived, and not just in the west: Poland triumphed over the Teutonic Knights in 1466; Ivan III of Russia ended the entrepreneurial independence of Novgorod in 1478. For the online game see Jennifer Government NationStates. The nation-state is a certain form of State that derives its legitimacy The Teutonic Order is a German Roman Catholic religious order. Ivan III Vasilevich (Иван III Васильевич ( 22 January 1440, Moscow – 27 October 1505, Moscow also known as Ivan the Great New vehicles of credit imported from Italy outpaced the Hansa economy, in which silver coin changed hands rather than bills of exchange. An economic transaction or Trade involves the voluntary exchange of goods and services between two or more entities Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest

In the 14th century, tensions between Prussia and the Wendish cities (Lübeck and neighbours) rose. Lübeck was dependent on its role as centre of the Hansa, being on the shore of the sea without a major river. Lübeck was on the entrance of the land route to Hamburg, but this land route could be circumvented by the sea travel around Denmark and through the Sound. Prussia's main interest, on the other hand, was primarily the export of bulk products like grain and timber, which were very important for England, the Low Countries, and later on also for Spain and Italy.

In 1454, the towns of the Prussian Confederation rose against the dominance of the Teutonic Order and asked for help from King Casimir IV of Poland. The Prussian Confederation (Preußischer Bund or Bund vor Gewalt; Związek Pruski was an organization formed in 1440 by a group of 53 gentry and clergy and 19 cities in Casimir IV Jagiellon (Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk; Kazimieras Jogailaitis Kazimir Jahajłavič 30 November 1427 &ndash Danzig, Thorn, and Elbing were incorporated into the Kingdom of Poland as part of Royal Prussia by the Second Peace of Thorn (1466). The Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons was the Polish state created by the accession of Wladislaus II Jagiełło, Grand Duke of Lithuania, to Royal Prussia ( Prusy Królewskie was a province of the Kingdom of Poland from 1466 and then the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569 to 1772 The Second Peace of Thorn of 1466 (Zweiter Friede von Thorn Drugi Pokój Toruński was a Peace treaty signed in the Hanseatic city of Thorn (Toruń on Kraków, then the capital of Poland, was also a Hansa city. Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland The lack of customs borders on the River Vistula after 1466 helped to gradually increase Polish grain export, transported to the sea down the Vistula, from 10,000 t per year in the late 15th century to over 200,000 t in the 17th century. This article is about the tonne or metric ton For other tons see Ton. ^[3] The Hansa-dominated maritime grain trade made Poland one of the main areas of its activity, helping Danzig to become the Hansa's largest city due to its control of Polish grain exports.

A major benefit for the Hansa was its domination of the shipbuilding market, mainly in Lübeck and in Danzig. The Hansa sold ships everywhere in Europe, including Italy. The Hansa had excluded the Hollanders, because it wanted to favour Bruges as a huge staple market at the end of a trade route. Holland is a region in the western part of the Netherlands. A maritime and economic power in the 17th century Holland today consists of the Dutch provinces of When the Hollanders started to become competitors of the Hansa in shipbuilding, the Hansa tried to stop the flow of shipbuilding technology from Hansa towns to Holland. Danzig, a trading partner of Amsterdam, tried to stall the decision. Dutch ships sailed to Danzig to take grain from the Prussians directly, to the dismay of Lübeck. Hollanders also circumvented the Hansa towns by trading directly with North German princes in non-Hansa towns. Dutch freight costs were much lower than those of the Hansa, and the Hansa were excluded as middlemen.

Bruges, Antwerp and Holland all became part of the same country, the Duchy of Burgundy, which actively tried to take over the monopoly of trade from the Hansa, and the staple market from Bruges was moved to Amsterdam. The Duchy of Burgundy was a feudal territory once existing within the Kingdom of France. The Dutch merchants aggressively challenged the Hansa and met with much success. Hanseatic cities in Prussia, Livonia and Poland supported the Dutch against the core cities of the Hansa in northern Germany. After several naval wars between Burgundy and the Hanseatic fleets, Amsterdam gained the position of leading port for Polish and Baltic grain from the late 15th century onwards. The Dutch regarded Amsterdam's grain trade as the mother of all trades (Moedernegotie). Denmark and England tried to destroy the Netherlands in the early 16th century, but failed. The Seventeen Provinces were a Personal union of states in the Low Countries in the 15th century and 16th century roughly covering the current Netherlands

Nuremberg in Franconia developed an overland route to sell formerly Hansa monopolized products from Frankfurt via Nuremberg and Leipzig to Poland and Russia, trading Flemish cloth and French wine in exchange for grain and furs from the east. Franconia (Franken is a historic region of Germany comprising the northern parts of the modern state of Bavaria and the area to its immediate west This sort of fix restores section edit linkpoints to where they belong The Hansa profited from the Nuremberg trade by allowing Nurembergers to settle in Hansa towns, which the Franconians exploited by taking over trade with Sweden as well. The Nuremberger merchant Albrecht Moldenhauer was influential in developing the trade with Sweden and Norway, and his sons Wolf and Burghard established themselves in Bergen and Stockholm, becoming leaders of the Hanseatic activities locally.

End of the Hansa

At the start of the 16th century the League found itself in a weaker position than it had known for many years. The rising Swedish Empire had taken control of much of the Baltic. Sweden was between 1611 and 1718 one of the Great powers of Europe Denmark had regained control over its own trade, the Kontor in Novgorod had closed, and the Kontor in Bruges had become effectively defunct. Bruges (Brugge is the capital and largest city of the province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium. The individual cities which made up the League had also started to put self-interest before their common Hansa interests. Finally the political authority of the German princes had started to grow — and so to constrain the independence of action which the merchants and Hanseatic towns had enjoyed.

The League attempted to deal with some of these issues. It created the post of Syndic in 1556 and elected Heinrich Sudermann^[4] as permanent official with legal training who worked to protect and extend the diplomatic agreements of the member towns. Syndic ( Late Lat syndicus, Gr σύνδικος, one who helps in a court of justice an advocate representative a term applied in certain Heinrich Sudermann ( 31 August 1520 &ndash 7 September 1591) was an official of the Hanseatic League from Cologne. In 1557 and 1579 revised agreements spelled out the duties of towns and some progress was made. The Bruges Kontor moved to Antwerp and the Hansa attempted to pioneer new routes. However, the League proved unable to halt the progress around it and so a long decline commenced. The Antwerp Kontor closed in 1593, followed by the London Kontor in 1598. The Bergen Kontor continued until 1754; its buildings alone of all the Kontoren survive (see Bryggen). Bryggen ( Norwegian for the Wharf) also known as Tyskebryggen ( the German Wharf) is a series of Hanseatic commercial buildings lining

The gigantic Adler von Lübeck, which was constructed for military use against Sweden during the Northern Seven Years' War (1567-70), but never put to action, epitomizes the vain attempts of the League's leading city Lübeck to uphold its long privileged commercial position in a changed economic and political climate. Dimensions The Lübeck chronicler Peter van der Horst - relying on the building contract of the ship - gave the following dimensions of the Adler von Lübeck: "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Northern Seven Years' War (also known as the Nordic Seven Years' War, the First Northern War or the Seven Years War in Scandinavia) was the war

By the late 16th century, the League imploded and could no longer deal with its own internal struggles, the social and political changes that accompanied the Protestant Reformation, the rise of Dutch and English merchants, and the incursion of the Ottoman Empire upon its trade routes and upon the Holy Roman Empire itself. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Only nine members attended the last formal meeting in 1669 and only three (Lübeck, Hamburg and Bremen) remained as members until its final demise in 1862.

Despite its collapse, several cities still maintain the link to the Hanseatic League today. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The cities of Deventer, Kampen, Zutphen, Lübeck, Hamburg, Bremen, Rostock, Wismar, Stralsund, Greifswald and Anklam still call themselves Hanse cities. Deventer is a Municipality and City in the Salland region of the Dutch Province of Overijssel. Kampen is a Municipality and a city in the eastern Netherlands. Zutphen is a city in the province of Gelderland in the Netherlands. Lübeck ( is the second largest City in Schleswig-Holstein, in Northern Germany, and one of the major Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany Bremen (ˈbʁeːmən is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany (official name Stadtgemeinde Bremen / City Municipality of Bremen Rostock (ˈʁɔstɔk from Polabian Roz toc, literally "to flow apart" is the largest City in the north German state Wismar (ˈvɪsmaʁ is a small port and Hanseatic League town in northern Germany on the Baltic Sea, in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern,about Stralsund (ˈʃtʁaːlzʊnt is a city in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany, situated at the southern Coast of the Strelasund (a sound Greifswald (ˈɡʁaɪ̯fsvalt from German: popular etymology Greif, "griffin" proper etymology akin to "grip a plot not yet cleared and taken Anklam is a town in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany, situated on the banks of the Peene river 8 km from its mouth in the Kleines Haff and Lübeck, Hamburg, and Bremen continue to style themselves officially as "Free and Hanseatic Cities". For Lübeck in particular, this anachronistic tie to a glorious past remained especially important in the 20th century. In 1937 the Nazis removed this privilege through the Greater Hamburg Act after the Senat of Lübeck did not permit Adolf Hitler to speak in Lübeck during his election campaign. The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 The Greater Hamburg Act (Groß-Hamburg-Gesetz was passed by the government of the German Reich on January 26 1937, and mandated the exchange of territories Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately ^[5] He held the speech in Bad Schwartau, a small village on the outskirts of Lübeck. Bad Schwartau is a town in the district of Ostholstein, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Subsequently, he referred to Lübeck as "the small city close to Bad Schwartau".

Historical maps

Europe in 1097	The Baltic region in 1219 (German coast occupied by Denmark, before the Battle of Bornhöved (1227)	Europe in 1328	Europe in 1430
Europe in 1470	Carta marina of the Baltic Sea region (1539)	The Baltic region in 1646 (Treaty of Brömsebro)	The Baltic region in 1658 (Treaty of Roskilde)
The Baltic region in 1814 (Congress of Vienna)

Lists of former Hansa cities

In the list that follows, the role of these foreign merchant companies in the functioning of the city that was their host, in more than one sense is, as Fernand Braudel^[6] pointed out, a telling criterion of the status of that city: "If he rules the roost in a given city or region, the foreign merchant is a sign of the [economic] inferiority of that city or region, compared with the economy of which he is the emissary or representative". The (second Battle of Bornhöved took place on 22 July 1227 near Bornhöved in Holstein. The Carta marina ( Latin: map of the sea or sea map) is the earliest map of the Nordic countries that gives details and The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude. The Treaty of Brömsebro (or the Peace of Brömsebro) was signed on August 13, 1645, which ended the Torstenson War (a local conflict that The Treaty of Roskilde was signed on February 26, 1658 in the Danish city of Roskilde. The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe, chaired by the Austrian statesman Clemens Wenzel von Metternich Fernand Braudel ( August 24 1902 &ndash November 27 1985) was the foremost French historian of the postwar era

Members of the Hanseatic League

Wendish Circle

• Lübeck (chief city)
• Greifswald
• Hamburg
• Kiel
• Lüneburg
• Rostock
• Stade
• Stettin (Szczecin)
• Stralsund
• Wismar

Saxony, Thuringia, Brandenburg Circle

• Brunswick (Braunschweig, chief city)
• Berlin
• Brandenburg
• Bremen
• Erfurt
• Frankfurt (Oder)
• Goslar
• Halle (Saale)
• Magdeburg

Poland, Prussia, Livonia, Sweden Circle

• Breslau (Wrocław)
• Danzig (Gdańsk, chief city)
• Dorpat (Tartu)
• Elbing (Elbląg)
• Fellin (Viljandi)
• Kraków (Cracow)
• Goldingen (Kuldīga)
• Kokenhusen (Koknese)
• Königsberg (now Kaliningrad)
• Lemsal (Limbaži)
• Pernau (Pärnu)
• Reval (Tallinn)
• Riga (Rīga, chief city)
• Roop (Straupe)
• Stockholm
• Thorn (Toruń)
• Visby
• Wenden (Cēsis)
• Windau (Ventspils)
• Wolmar (Valmiera)

Rhine, Westphalia, the Netherlands Circle

• Duisburg
• Zwolle
• Haltern am See
• Hattem
• Hasselt
• Cologne
• Dortmund (chief city)
• Soest
• Osnabrück
• Münster
• Roermond
• Deventer, with subsidiary cities:
  • Ommen
  • Enschede
  • Oldenzaal
  • Hasselt
  • Gramsbergen
• Groningen
• Kampen
• Bochum
• Recklinghausen
• Hamm
• Unna
• Werl
• Zutphen
• Breckerfeld
• Minden

Counting houses

Principal Kontore

• Bergen - Bryggen
• Brugge - (Bruges)
• Steelyard - district of London
• Novgorod - Velikiy Novgorod, Russia

Subsidiary Kontore

• Antwerp
• Berwick upon Tweed
• Boston
• Damme
• Edinburgh
• Hull
• Ipswich
• King's Lynn
• Kaunas
• Newcastle
• Polotsk
• Pskov
• Great Yarmouth
• York

Other cities with a Hansa community

Aberdeen Anklam Arnhem Bolsward Brandenburg Cesis (Wenden) Chełmno (Kulm) Deventer Doesburg Duisburg Einbeck Göttingen Greifswald Goldingen (Kuldiga) Hafnarfjord (Hafnarfjörður) Halle Harlingen Hattem Hasselt Hannover Herford Hildesheim Hindeloopen Kalmar Kampen Kokenhusen (Koknese) Lemgo Merseburg

Minden Münster Narwa (Narva) Nijmegen Oldenzaal Paderborn Pernau (Pärnu) Perleberg Quedlinburg Salzwedel Scalloway Słupsk (Stolp) Smolensk Stargard Szczeciński (Stargard) Stendal Turku (Åbo) Tver Wolmar (Valmiera) Wesel Wiburg (Vyborg) Windau (Ventspils) Zutphen Zwolle

See also

• List of ships of the Hanseatic League
• Thalassocracy
• Hanseatic Parliament
• Naval history
• Hanseatic Cross
• Dutch-Hanseatic War
• Company of Merchant Adventurers of London
• Hanseatic flags
• Lufthansa

Fictional references

• A Terran Hanseatic League exists in Kevin J. Anderson's science fiction series, Saga of Seven Suns. Lübeck ( is the second largest City in Schleswig-Holstein, in Northern Germany, and one of the major Greifswald (ˈɡʁaɪ̯fsvalt from German: popular etymology Greif, "griffin" proper etymology akin to "grip a plot not yet cleared and taken Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany For the city in the United States, see Kiel Wisconsin. For the name see Kiel (name. Lüneburg, also known as Lueneburg and Lunenburg in English, is a City in Lower Saxony, Germany. Rostock (ˈʁɔstɔk from Polabian Roz toc, literally "to flow apart" is the largest City in the north German state This article discusses the German city For the unit of measure see Stadia (length. Stralsund (ˈʃtʁaːlzʊnt is a city in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany, situated at the southern Coast of the Strelasund (a sound Wismar (ˈvɪsmaʁ is a small port and Hanseatic League town in northern Germany on the Baltic Sea, in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern,about Braunschweig, known as Brunswiek in Low German, is a city of 245810 people (as of 31 December 2007 located in Lower Saxony, Germany. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Brandenburg an der Havel is a Town in the state of Brandenburg, Germany. Bremen (ˈbʁeːmən is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany (official name Stadtgemeinde Bremen / City Municipality of Bremen Erfurt (ˈɛɐ̯fʊɐ̯t is a City in central Germany. It is the Capital of the state of Thuringia with a population of 202619 (2006 Frankfurt (Oder is a City in Brandenburg, Germany, located on the Oder River on the German- Polish border directly opposite the Goslar is a historic Town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the administrative centre of the district of Goslar and located on the northwestern Halle is the largest city in the German State of Saxony-Anhalt. Magdeburg ( Low Saxon: Meideborg ˈmaˑɪdebɔɐx the Capital city of the Bundesland of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany Wrocław (Breslau Vratislav Vratislavia or Wratislavia Yiddish: ברעסלוי) is the chief City of the historical region of Lower Silesia Gdańsk ( Polish pronunciation; 'Danzig', Gduńsk Gedania Dantiscum is the City at the centre of the fourth-largest Metropolitan area in Poland Tartu is the second largest City of Estonia. In contrast to Estonia's political and financial capital Tallinn, Tartu is often considered the intellectual Elbląg (Elbing Elbinga is a City in northern Poland with 127892 inhabitants (2006 Viljandi (Fellin Felin is a town and municipality in southern Estonia. Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland Kuldīga ( is a city in western Latvia. It is the center of Kuldigas County with a population of approximately 13500 Koknese ( is a Town in Aizkraukle District, Latvia on the right bank of the Daugava river Königsberg (Karaliaučius Low German: Königsbarg; Królewiec see also other names) was until 1946 the name of Kaliningrad. Kaliningrad (Калининград is a Seaport and the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, the Russian Exclave between Poland Limbaži ( is a city in Northern Latvia, 90 km from the capital Riga. Pärnu (Pernau Пярну formerly Пернов Parnawa is a City in southwestern Estonia on the coast of Pärnu Bay an inlet of the Gulf of Riga Tallinn (historically known by the German, Swedish and Danish name Reval or the Polish name Rewal, among other names Riga (Rīga riːga) the Capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of the river Daugava. Straupe is a village in the Cēsis District of Latvia. In former times it was known in German as Roop, and received its town privileges in 1374 ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the Toruń Lublin Voivodeship Toruń (Thorn Torń Thorunium see also other names) is a city in northern Poland, on the Vistula River with population Visby is the only city on the Swedish Island of Gotland; it is arguably the best-preserved Medieval city in Scandinavia Cēsis ( is a Town in Latvia located in the northern part of the Vidzeme central upland Ventspils (ventspils; Windau is a City in northwestern Latvia on the coast of the Baltic Sea. Valmiera ( is the largest city of the historical Vidzeme region Latvia, with a total area of 18 Duisburg (ˈdyːsbʊɐ̯k is a German city in the western part of the Ruhr Area ( Ruhrgebiet) in North Rhine-Westphalia. Zwolle is a Municipality and the capital city of the province of Overijssel, Netherlands, 120 kilometers northeast of Amsterdam. Haltern (also Haltern am See, Haltern at the lake) is a town and a municipality in the district of Recklinghausen, in North Rhine-Westphalia Hattem is a Municipality and a city in the eastern Netherlands. Hasselt is a town about 7 km north of Zwolle, in the Dutch province of Overijssel. Dortmund (ˈdɔʁtmʊnt is a City in Germany, located in the Bundesland of North Rhine-Westphalia, in the Ruhr area. Soest ( pronounced) is a City in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Osnabrück (ɔsnaˈbʁʏk is a City in Lower Saxony, Germany, some 80 km NNE of Dortmund, 45 km NE of Münster, and some 100 km due Münster ( is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the northern part of the state and is considered to be the cultural centre of the Roermond ( is a city a Municipality, and a diocese in the southeastern part of the Netherlands. Deventer is a Municipality and City in the Salland region of the Dutch Province of Overijssel. Ommen is a Municipality and a Hanseatic city in the Vecht valley of the Salland region which is at the heart of the or Eanske in the local dialect ( Twents) is a Municipality and a city in the eastern Netherlands, in the province of Overijssel, in the Oldenzaal is a Municipality and a town in the eastern of the Netherlands, near to the border with Germany. ||-||-||} Hasselt is a Belgian City and municipality, and capital of the Flemish province of Limburg. Gramsbergen lies in the north-east of Overijssel, The Netherlands on the N34 (Zwolle - Emmen the Zwolle - Emmen railway and the Almelo - de Groningen is the capital city of the province of Groningen in the Netherlands. Bochum (ˈboːχʊm is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Recklinghausen (ʁɛklɪŋˈhaʊzən is a City in the Ruhr Area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Hamm is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW Germany. It is located on the Lippe River, in the northeastern part of the Ruhr area. Unna is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, the seat of the Unna district. Werl is a town located in the district of Soest in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Zutphen is a city in the province of Gelderland in the Netherlands. Breckerfeld is a town in the district of Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis, in North Rhine-Westphalia, ( Germany) Minden is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Minden-Lübbecke. is the second largest city in Norway. It is located on the south-western coast of Norway in the county of Hordaland in between a group of mountains known as De syv fjell Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional is the second largest city in Norway. It is located on the south-western coast of Norway in the county of Hordaland in between a group of mountains known as De syv fjell Bryggen ( Norwegian for the Wharf) also known as Tyskebryggen ( the German Wharf) is a series of Hanseatic commercial buildings lining Bruges (Brugge is the capital and largest city of the province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium. The Steelyard, from the German Stalhof, was in the Middle Ages the main trading base of the Hanseatic League in London. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Veliky Novgorod (Вели́кий Но́вгород is the foremost historic city of North-Western Russia and the administrative center of Novgorod King's Lynn is an attractive English Market town in West Norfolk. ||-||-||-||} Antwerp ( Dutch:, French: Anvers) is a City and Municipality in Belgium and the capital of the Berwick-upon-Tweed ( ˈbɛrɪk- ( Scots: Berwick or historically South Berwick) situated in the county of Northumberland, is the northernmost Boston ( is a town and small Port in Lincolnshire, on the east coast of England. Damme is a Municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders, six kilometres northeast of Brugge ( Bruges) Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. Kingston upon Hull ( almost invariably referred Ipswich ( ˈɪpswɪtʃ is a Non-metropolitan district and the County town of Suffolk, England on the Estuary of the River Orwell King's Lynn is a town and Port in Norfolk, England. Over the years the town has been known variously as Bishop's Lynn and Lynn Regis Kaunas ( ˈkoʊnəs is the second largest City in Lithuania and a former temporary capital. Newcastle upon Tyne ( (often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and Metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, England Polotsk ( Polatsk, По́лацк Полоцк Polockas Połock is a historical city in Belarus, situated on the Dvina river Pskov (Псков ancient Russian spelling Пльсковъ Pleskov) in Latvian Pleskava, in Estonian Pihkva, is an ancient city located in Great Yarmouth, often known to locals as Yarmouth, is a Coastal Town in Norfolk, England. York ( is an historic Walled city sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. Aberdeen ( pronounced; Aiberdeen Obar Dheathain is Scotland 's third most populous city and one of Scotland's 32 local government council Anklam is a town in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany, situated on the banks of the Peene river 8 km from its mouth in the Kleines Haff and Arnhem ( ( South Guelderish: Èrnem) is a city and Municipality, situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands. Bolsward ( West Frisian: Boalsert) is a Municipality and a City in the Province of Friesland in the Netherlands Brandenburg ( Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of the sixteen states of Germany. Cēsis ( is a Town in Latvia located in the northern part of the Vidzeme central upland For the concentration camp located near a village with a similar name Chełmno nad Nerem see Chełmno extermination camp. Deventer is a Municipality and City in the Salland region of the Dutch Province of Overijssel. Doesburg ( Dutch ( is a Municipality and a city in the eastern Netherlands in the province of Gelderland Duisburg (ˈdyːsbʊɐ̯k is a German city in the western part of the Ruhr Area ( Ruhrgebiet) in North Rhine-Westphalia. Einbeck is a town in the district Northeim, in southern Lower Saxony, Germany. Göttingen ( ˈgœtɪŋən, Low German: Chöttingen is a College town in Lower Saxony, Germany. Greifswald (ˈɡʁaɪ̯fsvalt from German: popular etymology Greif, "griffin" proper etymology akin to "grip a plot not yet cleared and taken Kuldīga ( is a city in western Latvia. It is the center of Kuldigas County with a population of approximately 13500 For water inlet see Fjord. Hafnarfjörður or Hafnarfjordur is a port town located on the south-west Halle is the largest city in the German State of Saxony-Anhalt. Harlingen ( is a Municipality and a City in the northern Netherlands, in the province of Friesland at the Wadden Sea. Hattem is a Municipality and a city in the eastern Netherlands. Hasselt is a town about 7 km north of Zwolle, in the Dutch province of Overijssel. Hanover (i ( haˈnoːfɐ on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony ( Niedersachsen Herford (ˈhɛɐ̯fɔɐ̯t is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, located in the lowlands between the mountain chains of the Wiehengebirge and the is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located in the district of Hildesheim, about 30 km southeast of Hanover on the banks of the Innerste Hindeloopen (Hylpen Hindeloopen Frisian: Hynljippen) is an old City on the North of the Netherlands on the IJsselmeer. Kalmar is a city in Småland in the south-east of Sweden, situated by the Baltic Sea. Koknese ( is a Town in Aizkraukle District, Latvia on the right bank of the Daugava river Lemgo is a city in the Lippe district of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, with a population of c Merseburg is a Town in the south of the German state of Saxony-Anhalt on the river Saale, approx Minden is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Minden-Lübbecke. Münster ( is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the northern part of the state and is considered to be the cultural centre of the Narva is the third largest City in Estonia. It is located at the eastern extreme point of Estonia, by the Russian border on the Narva Nijmegen (ˈnɛɪmeɣən) (obsolete spellings Nijmwegen Nymegen Nieumeghen &mdash Nimwegen in local dialect and in German, Nimègue in French Oldenzaal is a Municipality and a town in the eastern of the Netherlands, near to the border with Germany. Paderborn (paːdɐˈbɔʁn is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, capital of the Paderborn district. Pärnu (Pernau Пярну formerly Пернов Parnawa is a City in southwestern Estonia on the coast of Pärnu Bay an inlet of the Gulf of Riga Perleberg is the capital of the district of Prignitz, located in the northwest of the German state of Brandenburg. Quedlinburg (ˈkveːdlɪnbʊʁk is a Town located north of the Harz mountains in the district of Harz in the west of Saxony-Anhalt Salzwedel (ˈzaltsveːdəl officially known as Hansestadt Salzwedel, is a Town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Scalloway ( Old Norse: Skalavagr - "bay with house" is the largest settlement on the North Atlantic coast of Mainland Shetland Słupsk (Stolp in Pommern known also under other names) is a city in Pomeranian Voivodeship, in the northern part of Poland. Smolensk (Смоленск is a city in western Russia, located on the Dnieper River, the administrative centre of Smolensk Oblast. Stargard Szczeciński (Stargard in Pommern Stôrgard is a City in northwestern Poland, with 71017 inhabitants (2005 Stendal (ˈʃtɛndaːl is a Town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is the capital of Stendal District and unofficial capital of the Altmark Turku, in Swedish Åbo ( pronounced,) is a city and the original capital of Finland on the southwest coast of Finland at the Tver (Тверь is a city in Russia, the administrative center of Tver Oblast. Valmiera ( is the largest city of the historical Vidzeme region Latvia, with a total area of 18 Wesel (ˈveːzəl is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Vyborg (Вы́борг Viipuri Viborg Wiborg is a town in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, situated on the Karelian Isthmus near the head of Ventspils (ventspils; Windau is a City in northwestern Latvia on the coast of the Baltic Sea. Zutphen is a city in the province of Gelderland in the Netherlands. Zwolle is a Municipality and the capital city of the province of Overijssel, Netherlands, 120 kilometers northeast of Amsterdam. This is a list of ships of the Hanseatic League. Peter von Danzig The term thalassocracy (from the θάλασσα meaning sea and κρατείν meaning "to rule" giving θαλασσοκρατία "rule of the sea" The Hanseatic Parliament (Hanse Parlament is an association of business chambers (Chambers of Crafts Chambers of Commerce and similar around the Baltic Sea Region with the common goal Naval history is the area of Military history concerning War at Sea and the subject is also a sub-discipline of the broad field of Maritime history The Hanseatic Cross ( Hanseatenkreuz) was a decoration of the three Hanseatic Cities of Bremen, Hamburg and Lübeck, who were The war ended with the Treaty of Copenhagen (1441. The Company of Merchant Adventurers of London brought together London 's leading overseas merchants in a regulated company in the nature of a Guild. Hanseatic flags are the Banners of Hanseatic cities, that were flown by cogs and other ships of the Hanseatic league - as illustrated on the 1350 The Saga of Seven Suns is a series of seven Space opera novels written by Kevin J Kevin J Anderson (born March 27, 1962) is an American Science fiction Author. The Saga of Seven Suns is a series of seven Space opera novels written by Kevin J The political structure of this fictional interstellar version closely resembles that of the historical Hanseatic League.
• In the computer game series Patrician players begin as a trader and work their way to the head of the Hanseatic League. The Patrician is the title of a series of historical trading simulation Computer games for the PC, Amiga and Atari ST published by
• In the Perry Rhodan SF series, the trade organisation the Cosmic Hansa (Kosmische Hanse) covers the Galaxy. Perry Rhodan is the name of Science fiction series published since 1961 in Germany, as well as the name of the main character The English translation for this organisation is Cosmic House (see American issues 1800-1803) as it was felt that no one would understand the Hanseatic League reference.
• Midgard open source content management system has often been referred to as the Hanseatic League of Open Source. Midgard CMS is an Open Source Content management system built on the Midgard Framework.

Hanseatic League merchant caravans are used as the backdrop for "living history" groups in Florida and North Carolina. Hanseatic League Historical Re-enactors has two chapters, "Bergens Kontor" in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and "Voss Kontor" in Fayetteville, North Carolina. Both groups portray merchants from a Hanseatic League merchant caravan originating from kontors and towns in Norway. They offer "in character" lectures, skits and "theatre in the round", based on the history of the Hanseatic League, for the education and entertainment of Renaissance Festival patrons and local schools.

Robert Heinlein's novel, Citizen of the Galaxy, revolves around a loose league of trading spaceships of varying old Earth nationalities like the Finns aboard the "Sisu. Robert Anson Heinlein (July 7 1907 – May 8 1988 was an American Novelist and Science fiction Writer. Citizen of the Galaxy is a Science fiction Novel by Robert A Heinlein, originally serialized in Astounding Science Fiction " Another ship is called "Hansea. "

Barrie Jay Moynihan refers to the Hanseatic League in his recently withdrawn fiction novel with describes the dilemmas presented to a local landowner Fergus Crothur Ceilleacher who was based in hinterland of Tralee during the Act of Union 1601.

References

1. ^ Medieval Sourcebook: Privileges Granted to German Merchants at Novgorod, 1229
2. ^ Fernand Braudel: The Perspective of the World. Fernand Braudel ( August 24 1902 &ndash November 27 1985) was the foremost French historian of the postwar era Vol III of Civilisation and Capitalism 1984
3. ^ Norman Davies God's playground. A history of Poland, Columbia University Press, 1982
4. ^ de:Heinrich Sudermann
5. ^ [http://www.europealacarte.co.uk/Germany/lubeck.html Guide to Lubeck
6. ^ Braudel

• P. Heinrich Sudermann ( 31 August 1520 &ndash 7 September 1591) was an official of the Hanseatic League from Cologne. Dollinger The German Hansa (1970; repr. 1999).
• E. Gee Nash. The Hansa. 1929 (Reprint. 1995 Edition, Barnes and Noble)

External links

• Chronology
• Hanseatic Cities in The Netherlands / Holland
• Hanseatic League Historical Re-enactors
• Hanseatic Towns Network
• Hanseatic League related sources in the German Wikisource
• Colchester a Hanseatic port - Gresham

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