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For the Irish musician, see Glen Hansard . Glen Hansard (born 21 April, 1970 in Dublin, Ireland) is an Academy-Award winning Songwriter, Actor, and

Hansard is the traditional name for the printed transcripts of parliamentary debates in the Westminster system of government. Transcription is the conversion into written typewritten or printed form of a Spoken language source such as the proceedings of a court hearing TalkParliament#Screen-size. -->A  parliament is a Legislature, especially in those The Westminster system is a democratic Parliamentary system of Government modelled after the British government (the Parliament of the United For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. In addition to the Parliament of the United Kingdom and the UK's devolved institutions, a Hansard is maintained for the Parliament of Canada and the Canadian provincial legislatures, the Parliament of Australia and the Australian state parliaments, the national Parliament of South Africa and South Africa's provincial legislatures, the Parliament of New Zealand, the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, the Parliament of Malaysia, the Parliament of Singapore, the Legislative Council of Brunei, the Parliament of Sri Lanka, the Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago, the National Assembly of Kenya, and the Parliament of Jamaica. The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories The Parliament of Canada (Parlement du Canada is Canada 's legislative branch, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario. The Parliament of Australia or Commonwealth Parliament is the legislative branch of government of Australia. The Parliament of South Africa is South Africa's Legislature and is composed of the National Assembly of South Africa and the National Council of Provinces The Parliament of New Zealand consists of the Queen of New Zealand and the New Zealand House of Representatives and until 1951 the New Zealand Legislative Council The Legislative Council ( LegCo) is the Unicameral Legislature of Hong Kong. The Parliament of Malaysia (Parlimen Malaysia is the national Legislature of Malaysia, based on the Westminster system. The unicameral Parliament of Singapore is the Legislature of Singapore with the President as its head Legislative Council of Brunei (Malay Dewan Undangan Negara Brunei is the Parliament in Brunei. The Parliament of Sri Lanka is a Unicameral 225-member Legislature elected by Universal suffrage and Proportional representation for The Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago is the Legislative branch of the Government of Trinidad and Tobago. The Unicameral National Assembly of Kenya is the country's legislative body Parliament is the legislative branch of the government of Jamaica.

Contents

Origins

Before 1771, the British Parliament had long been a highly secretive body. The official record of the actions of the House were publicly available, but there was no such record of debates. The publication of remarks made in the House became a breach of Parliamentary privilege, punishable by the two Houses. As more people became interested in parliamentary debates, more individuals published unofficial accounts of parliamentary debates. Editors were at worst subjected to fines. Several editors used the device of veiling parliamentary debates as debates of fictitious societies or bodies. The names under which parliamentary debates were published include Proceedings of the Lower Room of the Robin Hood Society and Debates of the Senate of Magna Lilliputia.

In 1771 Brass Crosby, who was Lord Mayor of the City of London had brought before him a printer called Miller who dared publish reports of Parliamentary proceedings. Brass Crosby ( 8 May 1725 -1793 was an English radical lawyer Member of Parliament and Lord Mayor of London The Right Honourable Lord Mayor of London is the legal title for the Mayor of (and head of the City of London Corporation. He released the man, but was subsequently ordered to appear before the House to explain his actions. Crosby was committed to the Tower of London, but when brought to trial several judges refused to hear the case and after protests from the public Crosby was released. Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly known as the Tower of London (and historically as The Tower) is a historic monument in central London [1] [2]

Parliament ceased to punish the publishing of its debates, partly due to the campaigns of John Wilkes on the behalf of free speech. John Wilkes ( 17 October 1725 – 26 December 1797) was an English radical, journalist and politician There then began several attempts to publish reports of debates. Among the early successes, the Parliamentary Register published by John Almon and John Debrett began in 1775 and ran until 1813. Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1813 ( MDCCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

William Cobbett, a noted radical and publisher began publishing Parliamentary Debates as a supplement to his Political Register in 1802, eventually extending his reach back with the Parliamentary History. William Cobbett ( 9 March 1763 &ndash 18 June 1835) was an English political pamphleter Farmer and prolific Year 1802 ( MDCCCII) was a Common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Cobbett's reports were printed by Thomas Curson Hansard from 1809; in 1812, with his business suffering, Cobbett sold the Debates to Hansard. Thomas Curson Hansard (1776&ndash1833 was the son of the printer Luke Hansard. Year 1809 ( MDCCCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1812 ( MDCCCXII) a leap year started on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year From 1829 the name "Hansard" appeared on the title page of each issue. For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display [3]

Neither Cobbett nor Hansard ever employed anyone to take down notes of the debates, which were taken from a multiplicity of sources in the morning newspapers. For this reason, early editions of Hansard are not to be absolutely relied upon as a guide to everything discussed in Parliament.

Hansard was remarkably successful in seeing off competition such as Almon and Debrett, and the later Mirror of Parliament published by J. H. Barrow from 1828 to 1843; Barrow's work was more comprehensive but he checked each speech with the Member and allowed them to 'correct' anything they wished they had not said. The year 1828 ( MDCCCXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Year 1843 ( MDCCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The last attempt at a commercial rival was The Times which published debates in the 1880s. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. Events and Trends Technology Development and commercial production of Electric lighting Development and commercial production of gasoline-powered In 1889, the House decided to subsidise Hansard's publication so that a permanent record was available and it included more speeches and a near-verbatim record of front-bench speeches. Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

The Hansard of today, a fully comprehensive account of every speech, began in 1909 when Parliament took over the publication. Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories At the same time the decision was made to publish debates of the two houses in separate volumes, and to change the front cover from orange-red to light blue. A larger page format was introduced with new technology in 1980. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar)

Hansard in the United Kingdom

Hansard is not a verbatim account of debates in Parliament. It seeks to eliminate "repetitions, redundancies and obvious errors". One instance of such an eliminated redundancy involves the calling of members in the House of Commons. In that House, the Speaker must call on a member by name before that member may speak, but Hansard makes no mention of the recognition accorded by the Speaker. Also, Hansard sometimes adds extraneous material to make the remarks less ambiguous. For example, though members refer to each other as "the hon. Member for Constituency Name" rather than by name, Hansard adds, in parentheses, the name of the member being referred to, the first time that Member is referred to in a speech or debate. When a Member simply points at another whose constituency he cannot remember, Hansard identifies them.

Interjections from seated members generally are only included if the member who is speaking at the time refers to it. Any interruption to debate, whether from the member being shouted down or the physical invasion of the chamber, will be marked with the word "(Interruption)".

Hansard also publishes written answers made by Government ministers in response to questions formally posed by members. Since 1909 — and for important votes before then — Hansard has listed how members have voted in divisions. Division of the house is a parliamentary mechanism which calls for a rising vote wherein the members of the house literally divide into groups indicating a vote in favour of or in opposition Furthermore, the proceedings and debates in committee are also published in separate volumes.

For many years Hansard did not formally acknowledge the existence of parties in the House, except obliquely, with Members' references to other Members of the same party as "hon. Friends", but in 2003 this changed and members' party affiliations are now identified. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar.

The Internet, with the help of volunteers, has made the UK Hansard more accessible. The UK Hansard is currently being digitised to a high-level XML format for on-line publication. Don't change "Extensible" It is possible to review and search the UK Hansard from June 2001, with the exception of Standing Committees. It is also possible to set up key word email alerts for topics of interest or to receive emails whenever a given MP speaks in the Commons or receives an answer to a written question. Online Hansard often provides links to wikipedia on some topics, phrases and names. ***************************************************************************************** * *

Parliamentary privilege

In 1839, Hansard, by order of the House of Commons, printed and published a report stating that an indecent book published by a Mr. Year 1839 ( MDCCCXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords Obscenity (in Latin obscenus, meaning "foul repulsive detestable" is a term that is most often used in a legal context to Stockdale was circulating in Newgate Prison. For the prison in East Granby, Connecticut, see Old Newgate Prison. Stockdale sued for defamation but Hansard’s defence, that the statement was true, succeeded. On publication of a reprint, Stockdale sued again but Hansard was ordered by the House to plead that he had acted under order of the Commons and was protected by parliamentary privilege. Parliamentary privilege, also known as absolute privilege, is a legal mechanism employed within the legislative bodies of countries whose Constitutions are based on In the resulting case of Stockdale v. Hansard[1] the court found that the House held no privilege to order publication of defamatory material. Stockdale v Hansard (1839 9 Ad & El 1 was a case in which the Parliament of the United Kingdom unsuccessfully challenged the Common law of Parliamentary In consequence, parliament passed the Parliamentary Papers Act 1840 to establish privilege for publications under the House's authority. The Parliamentary Papers Act 1840 (3&4 Vict c 9 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. [2][3][4]

Hansard in Canada

House of Commons Differences from U. K. practice

As with the Westminster Hansard, the Canadian version is not strictly verbatim, and is guided by the principle of avoiding "repetitions, redundancies and obvious errors. " Unlike the UK House of Commons, members are referred to in the House only by the parliamentary ridings they represent ("The member for Burnaby-Douglas," etc. ) or by their cabinet post. Hansard supplies an affiliation the first time each member speaks in the House on a particular day — "Mr. Bill Siksay (Burnaby—Douglas, NDP)" or "Hon. Keith Martin (Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of National Defence, Lib. )" — and by name only when they rise later to speak.

If interjections give rise to a call for order by the Speaker, they are reported as "Some hon. members: Oh, oh!" The details of the approval or negativing of motions and bills are reported in rather baroque detail:[4]

The Acting Speaker (Mr. Marcel Proulx): The House has heard the terms of the motion. Is it the pleasure of the House to adopt the motion?
Some hon. members: Agreed.
Some hon. members: No.
The Acting Speaker (Mr. Marcel Proulx): All those in favour of the motion will please say yea.
Some hon. members: Yea.
The Acting Speaker (Mr. Marcel Proulx): All those opposed will please say nay.
Some hon. members: Nay.
The Acting Speaker (Mr. Marcel Proulx): In my opinion the nays have it.
And more than five members having risen:
The Acting Speaker (Mr. Marcel Proulx): Call in the members.
And the bells having rung:
The Acting Speaker (Mr. Marcel Proulx): A recorded division on the motion stands deferred until tomorrow at the end of government orders.

Machine translation

Given the bilingual nature of the Canadian federal government, two equivalent Canadian Hansards are maintained, one in French and one in English. Official bilingualism is the term used in Canada to collectively describe the policies constitutional provisions and laws which give English and French a privileged French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States This makes it a natural parallel text, and it is often used to train French-English machine translation programs. A parallel text is a text placed alongside its translation or translations Machine translation, sometimes referred to by the abbreviation In addition to being already translated and aligned, the size of the Hansards and the fact new material is always being added makes it an attractive corpus. In Linguistics, a corpus (plural corpora) or text corpus is a large and structured set of texts (now usually electronically stored and processed However, its usefulness is hindered by the fact that the translations, although accurate in meaning, are not always literally exact.

The Canadian Hansard records makes note of the language used by the members of parliament, so as not to misinterpret the words of the person who has the floor. If the member speaks in French, the English Hansard records would state that the member spoke in French and refer the reader to the French Hansard record.

In one instance, during a Liberal filibuster in the Canadian Senate, Senator Philippe Gigantès was accused of reading one of his books only so that he could get the translation for free through the Hansard. The Liberal Party of Canada ( Parti libéral du Canada) colloquially known as the Grits (originally " Clear Grits " is a major Canadian political A filibuster, or "talking out a bill", is a form of obstruction in a Legislature or other decision-making body The Senate of Canada (Le Sénat du Canada is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the sovereign (represented by the governor general Philippe Deane Gigantès PhD ( August 16, 1923 &ndash December 9, 2004) was a war hero journalist and Liberal [5]

British Columbia Hansard practice

Unlike the Ottawa Hansard, each Member of the Legislative Assembly is identified only by initial and last name in the printed Hansard for an opposition member or a government backbencher: "J. Horgan. " Current cabinet ministers have their names prefaced with "Honourable": "Hon. S. Hagen. "

Interjections giving rise to a call for order by the Speaker are reported only as "Interjection. " Other interjections are reported as spoken if they are clearly audible and if they are responded to in some way by the member who has the floor. While the details of approval or negativing of motions and bills closely parallel the House of Commons, the reporting is simplified to a style line ("Motion approved" or "Motion negatived. "[5]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ (1839) 9 Ad & El 1
  2. ^ Bradley, A. The Congressional Record is the official record of the proceedings and debates of the United States Congress. Fuddle duddle is a euphemistic substitution for " Fuck " or " Fuck off " the most famous use of which was by Pierre Trudeau, The Hansard Society is the UK's leading independent non-partisan political research and educational charity A court reporter, stenotype reporter or stenographer is a person whose occupation is to transcribe spoken or recorded speech into written W. & Ewing, K. D. (2003). Constitutional and Administrative Law, 13th ed. , London: Pearson, 219-220. ISBN 0582438071.  
  3. ^ Stockdale, E. [1990] Public Law 30
  4. ^ Ford, P. & G. (eds) (1962). Luke Graves Hansard's Diary 1814-1841. Oxford: Blackwell.  
  5. ^ Hoy, Claire. Nice Work: The Continuing Scandal of Canada's Senate, p. 165


External links

Australia

Canada

South Africa

United Kingdom

Other countries

Dictionary

Hansard

-noun

  1. The official report of discussions in the British and some Commonwealth parliaments.
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