| Hans | |
| By the grace of God, King of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, the Wends and the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn and Dithmarschen, Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst[1] | |
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| Reign | 1481 – July 22, 1513 Denmark 1483 – July 22, 1513 Norway 1497 – 1501 Sweden |
|---|---|
| Coronation | 18 May 1483, Copenhagen (as king of Denmark) 20 July 1483, Trondheim (as king of Norway) November 26, 1497, Stockholm (as king of Sweden) |
| Born | February 2, 1455 |
| Birthplace | Aalborg Castle |
| Died | February 20, 1513 (aged 58) |
| Place of death | Aalborg Castle |
| Buried | Odense |
| Predecessor | Christian I Denmark/Norway Sten Sture the Younger Sweden |
| Successor | Christian II Denmark/Norway Sten Sture the Younger Sweden |
| Consort | Christina of Saxony |
| Issue | Christian Franciscus |
| Royal House | House of Oldenburg |
| Father | Christian I |
| Mother | Dorothea of Brandenburg |
Hans (Danish, Norwegian and Swedish) (2 February 1455 – 20 February 1513), was a Danish monarch and union king of Denmark (1481 – 1513), Norway (1483 – 1513) Sweden (1497 – 1501), under the Kalmar Union, and also Duke of Schleswig and Holstein. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Events 1099 - First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold (Trondhjem is a city and municipality in the county of Sør-Trøndelag, Norway. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Aalborg ( IPA ˈʌlb̥ɒːˀ is a city in Denmark. Its population as of 2006 is 121540 making it the fourth largest in the country after Copenhagen, Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment Aalborg ( IPA ˈʌlb̥ɒːˀ is a city in Denmark. Its population as of 2006 is 121540 making it the fourth largest in the country after Copenhagen, The city of Odense (Danish ˈoð̞ˀn̩sə) is the fourth largest city in Denmark. Christian I (1426 &ndash 1481 Danish monarch and union king of Denmark (1448 &ndash 1481 Norway (1450 &ndash 1481 and Sweden (1457 &ndash Sten Sture the Younger ( Swedish: Sten Sture den yngre) Lord of Ekesiö (1493 &ndash February 5 1520) was a Swedish statesman and regent Christian II (1 July 1481 &ndash 25 January 1559 was a Danish monarch and King of Denmark, Norway (1513 &ndash 1523 and Sweden (1520 &ndash 1521 Sten Sture the Younger ( Swedish: Sten Sture den yngre) Lord of Ekesiö (1493 &ndash February 5 1520) was a Swedish statesman and regent Christina of Saxony (b Torgau 25 December 1461 - d Odense 8 December 1521) granddaughter of Frederick the Gentle of Saxony Christian II (1 July 1481 &ndash 25 January 1559 was a Danish monarch and King of Denmark, Norway (1513 &ndash 1523 and Sweden (1520 &ndash 1521 Joachim I Nestor ( 21 February 1484 – 11 July 1535) was a Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg (1499-1535 The House of Oldenburg is a North German dynasty and one of Europe 's most influential Royal Houses It first became royal when Count Christian I Christian I (1426 &ndash 1481 Danish monarch and union king of Denmark (1448 &ndash 1481 Norway (1450 &ndash 1481 and Sweden (1457 &ndash Dorothea of Brandenburg (1430/1431 &ndash November 10, 1495) was the consort of Christopher of Bavaria and Christian I of Denmark Danish ( d̥ænsɡ̊ is one of the North Germanic languages (also called Scandinavian languages a sub-group of the Germanic branch of the Norwegian ( norsk) is a North Germanic Language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is an official language Swedish ( is a North Germanic language spoken by more than nine million people predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along the Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Kalmar Union ( Danish, Norwegian and Swedish: Kalmarunionen) is a historiographical term meaning a series of Personal Holstein (ˈhɔlʃtain ( Low German: Holsteen, Danish: Holsten, Latin and historical English: Holsatia)
He was born on February 2, 1455 as the son of Christian I and Dorothea of Brandenburg, daughter of Margrave Hans of Brandenburg. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Christian I (1426 &ndash 1481 Danish monarch and union king of Denmark (1448 &ndash 1481 Norway (1450 &ndash 1481 and Sweden (1457 &ndash Dorothea of Brandenburg (1430/1431 &ndash November 10, 1495) was the consort of Christopher of Bavaria and Christian I of Denmark Margrave (marchio is the English and French form (recorded since 1551 of the German Title Markgraf (from Mark " Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state In 1478 he married Christina of Saxony, granddaughter of Frederick the Gentle of Saxony. Christina of Saxony (b Torgau 25 December 1461 - d Odense 8 December 1521) granddaughter of Frederick the Gentle of Saxony Frederick II Elector of Saxony (Frederick the Gentle (b Leipzig, 22 August 1412 - d This article lists Dukes Electors and Kings ruling over territories named Saxony from the beginning of the Saxon Duchy in the 9th century to the end of the Saxon Kingdom in 1918 This produced the following offspring: Christian II, Franciscus, Knud, and Elisabeth, who later married as princess of Brandenburg. Christian II (1 July 1481 &ndash 25 January 1559 was a Danish monarch and King of Denmark, Norway (1513 &ndash 1523 and Sweden (1520 &ndash 1521 He died on February 20, 1513. Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment
The three most important political goals of King Hans seem to have been the recovery of the union, fight against the Hanseatic League and the making of a strong Danish royal power. The Hanseatic League (also known as the Hansa) was an alliance of trading cities and their Guilds that established and maintained trade He worked to obtain all three things during his reign.
Hans' father, king Christian I, in 1458 had the Norwegian Council of the Realm commit to electing Christian's eldest son as next king of Norway upon his death. Rigsraadet ( English The Council of the Realm or The Council of the State - sometimes translated as "Privy Council" is the name of the councils A similar declaration was made in Sweden. In 1467, Hans was hailed as successor to the throne in Denmark. Hans used the title heir to the throne of Norway, in line with Norway's old status as a hereditary kingdom, but this was a claim the Norwegian Council did not immediately recognise. History of Monarchy of Norway redirects here The Kingdom of Norway as a unified realm was initiated by King Harald Fairhair Consequently, upon king Christian's death in May 1481, Hans' position was unchallenged in Denmark, whereas in Norway the Council of the Realm assumed royal authority, and an interregnum ensued. An interregnum (plural interregna or interregnums) is a period of discontinuity of a government organization or social order No serious rival candidates to the Norwegian throne existed, but the Council was determined on demonstrating Norway's status as a sovereign kingdom. A meeting between the Councils of Denmark, Sweden and Norway was appointed for 13 January 1483 at Halmstad, to work out the terms for electing Hans as king - his håndfæstning. Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks Halmstad is a port university industrial and recreational city at the mouth of the Nissan River in the province of Halland on the Håndfæstning ( da) Håndfestning ( no) (former spelling Haandfæstning) Handfeste ( de) (Eng The Swedish Council failed to turn up at the meeting, but the Norwegian and Danish councils proceeded to produce a joint declaration containing the terms for Hans' rule, and electing him king. It was hoped that Sweden would later accept the same document, and also acknowledge Hans as king. Subsequently, Hans was crowned king of Denmark in Copenhagen on 18 May, and king of Norway in Trondheim on 20 July. Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. (Trondhjem is a city and municipality in the county of Sør-Trøndelag, Norway. Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold
During the first years of his rule he carried on a balancing policy. By diplomatic means he tried to weaken the position of the Swedish regent Sten Sture, and he also sought new allies – he was the first Danish king to have established a political co-operation with Russia. Sture was the name of two influential families in Sweden from the late 15th century to the early 16th century. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending After the 1493 treaty, Ivan III of Russia imprisoned all Hanseatic merchants trading in Novgorod and instigated the Russo-Swedish War, 1496-1499. Ivan III Vasilevich (Иван III Васильевич ( 22 January 1440, Moscow – 27 October 1505, Moscow also known as Ivan the Great Veliky Novgorod (Вели́кий Но́вгород is the foremost historic city of North-Western Russia and the administrative center of Novgorod The Russo-Swedish War of 1495–1497 was a result of an alliance between Ivan III of Russia and Hans of Denmark, who was waging war against the Sture family The Hanseatic cities were also troubled by a secret war by Danish privateers (a more modest Danish forerunner of the policy of Queen Elizabeth of England against Spain). At that time the position of the Hansabund was also slowly but steadily declining because of the changes in trade routes and the growing opposition against the Hanseatic League in the Northern European naval states.
Hann' domestic politics were marked by an economic support of the Danish merchants and by a widespread use of commoners as officials and even as councillors, something which angered the nobility. The most important of his initiatives was perhaps establishing a permanent Danish navy, one which came to play a role during his later years.
According to the Privilege of Ribe the Noble Diets of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein were to elect a duke among the sons of the previous duke. The Treaty of Ribe (Ribe-brevet Vertrag von Ripen was a proclamation at Ribe made by King Christian I of Denmark to a number of German nobles In Politics, a diet is a formal Deliberative assembly. The term is derived from Medieval Latin dietas, and ultimately comes from Holstein (ˈhɔlʃtain ( Low German: Holsteen, Danish: Holsten, Latin and historical English: Holsatia) Many nobles in Schleswig and Holstein preferred Hans' much younger brother Frederick, but Hans successfully argued for electing both the late king's sons as co-dukes. Frederick I of Denmark and Norway ( October 7 1471 &ndash April 10 1533) was the son of the first Oldenburg King Christian Although it was initially agreed they should govern the duchies jointly, at the majority of Frederick (in 1490) the duchies were nevertheless divided.
In 1497 Hans conquered Sweden during a short and effective military campaign after in advance having undermined the position of Sten Sture by winning most of the Swedish nobility. After the victory the king acted wisely and pardoned his enemies.
In 1500 he made a fatal attempt at conquering the Ditmarshes (Dithmarschen) in Northern Germany, an area which the kings of Denmark had long viewed as belonging to their realm, but which was in reality an independent peasant republic. Dithmarschen (ˈdɪtmaʁʃən is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Together with his brother Frederick he carried through en large-scale campaign based upon an army of German mercenaries, but the Ditmarshers caught most of the army in a trap after having opened the dykes of the low-land area and flooded the narrow main road. A mercenary is a person who takes part in an armed conflict who is not a national or a party to the conflict and is "motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by
The defeat hurt Hans’s prestige, and in 1501 Sweden renounced him as king. Hans fought an increasingly more bitter war against Sten Sture and his successor Svante Nilsson, and this conflict meant frictions with both the Danish nobility and the Hanseatic cities, especially Lübeck. Svante Nilsson Regency Lübeck ( is the second largest City in Schleswig-Holstein, in Northern Germany, and one of the major In 1509, with the Netherlands acting as arbiters, Sweden agreed to a declaration which recognised Hans as king of Sweden in principle, but he was never allowed into Stockholm as long as he lived, nor crowned king of Sweden anew. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands
Meanwhile, Norwegian attempts at opposition were strangled by Hans’s son prince Christian (afterwards King Christian II) who was the viceroy of Norway from 1507. Christian II (1 July 1481 &ndash 25 January 1559 was a Danish monarch and King of Denmark, Norway (1513 &ndash 1523 and Sweden (1520 &ndash 1521 A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the Monarch.
1510-12 the king fought a last war with both Sweden and Lübeck in which Denmark was at first very pressed but partly turned the tables by a naval offensive. The result concerning Sweden was the status quo; in return Lübeck was suffering a real political and economic setback by the peace.
In his own age, and partly to posterity, Hans has often appeared a “commoner’s king”, a jolly and plain man with a folksy manner. Behind the surface, however, he seems to have been a hard realist and a zealous political calculator. In many ways he is a Scandinavian parallel of Louis XI of France and Henry VII of England. Louis XI ( July 3, 1423 – August 30, 1483) called the Prudent (le Prudent and the Universal Spider ( Middle
After his son was deposed in 1522, Hans' blood returned to the Danish and Norwegian thrones in the person of Christian IV of Denmark, the great-great-grandson of his daughter, Electress Elisabeth. Christian IV ( 12 April, 1577 &ndash 28 February, 1648) was the king of Denmark and Norway from 1588 until his death He is thought to have been the father of the Franciscan missionary to New Spain Jacob Dacian. The term Franciscan is commonly used to refer to members of Catholic The Viceroyalty of New Spain (Virreinato de Nueva España was a name given to the Viceroy -ruled territories of the Spanish Empire in North America, Brother Jacob Dacian, Jacob the Dane or in Latin Jacobus de Dacia, was a Danish Franciscan monk ( Copenhagen c
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Hans of Denmark
Born: February 2, 1455 Died: July 22, 1513 |
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| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Christian I |
King of Denmark 1481-1513 |
Succeeded by Christian II |
| Vacant
Interregnum
Title last held by
Christian I |
King of Norway 1483-1513 |
|
| Preceded by Sten Sture the Elder as Regent of Sweden |
King of Sweden 1497-1501 |
Succeeded by Sten Sture the Elder as Regent of Sweden |
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