| Hans Selye | |
| Born | January 26, 1907 Vienna |
|---|---|
| Died | October 16, 1982 Montreal |
| Other names | Selye János (Hungarian) |
Hans Hugo Bruno Selye (Hungarian:Selye János) CC was a Canadian endocrinologist of Austro-Hungarian origin and Hungarian ethnicity. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec The Order of Canada is the highest civilian honour within the Canadian system of honours, with membership awarded to those who exemplify the order's Latin Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Endocrinology (from Greek grc ἔνδον endon, "within" grc κρῑνω krīnō, "to separate" and grc -λογία Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Selye did much important factual work on the hypothetical non-specific response of the organism to stressors. While he did not recognize all of the many aspects of glucocorticoids, Selye was aware of this response on their role. Glucocorticoids (GC are a class of Steroid hormones characterised by an ability to bind with the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR) and trigger similar effects Some commentators considered him the first to demonstrate the existence of stress.
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History
Selye became a Doctor of Medicine and Chemistry in Prague in 1929, went to John Hopkins University on a Rockefeller Foundation Scholarship in 1931 and then went to McGill University in Montreal where he started researching the issue of stress in 1936. John Hopkins, Johns Hopkins or Jon Hopkins may refer to People John Hopkins (writer (1931&ndash1998 British film and television Rockefeller is a surname and may refer to Rockefeller family John D A scholarship is an award of access to an institution or a financial aid award for an individual student scholar for the purpose of furthering their Education Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec In 1945 he joined the Universite de Montreal where he had 40 assistants and worked with 15,000 lab animals. A book from 1953 listed him among the 100 most important people in the world. [1]
Work on stress
His initial inspiration for general adaptation syndrome (GAS, a theory of stress came from an endocrinological experiment in which he injected mice with extracts of various organs. He at first believed he had discovered a new hormone but was proved wrong when every irritating substance he injected produced the same symptoms (swelling of the adrenal cortex, atrophy of the thymus, gastric and duodenal ulcers). This, paired with his observation that people with different diseases exhibit similar symptoms, led to his description of the effects of "noxious agents" as he at first called it. He later coined the term "stress", which has been accepted into the lexicon of various other languages.
Selye has acknowledged the influence of Claude Bernard (who developed the idea of 'milieu intérieur') and Walter Cannon's 'homeostasis'. Claude Bernard ( July 12, 1813 – February 10, 1878) was a French Physiologist. Walter Bradford Cannon ( October 19, 1871 &ndash October 19, 1945) was an American Physiologist, Professor and chairman Homeostasis (from Greek: ὅμος hómos, "equal" and ιστημι istēmi, "to stand" lit Selye conceptualized the physiology of stress as having two components: a set of responses he called the general adaptation syndrome, and the development of a pathological state from ongoing, unrelieved stress.
Selye discovered and documented that stress differs from other physical responses in that stress is stressful whether the one receives good or bad news, whether the impulse is positive or negative. He called negative stress distress and positive stress eustress. Eustress is defined in the model of Richard Lazarus (1974 as stress that is healthy or gives one a feeling of fulfillment The system whereby the body copes with stress, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) system, was also first described by Selye. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis ( HPA or HTPA axis) also known as the Limbic -hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (LHPA axis is a complex set of direct influences He also pointed to an alarm state, a resistance state, and an exhaustion state, largely referring to glandular states. Later he developed the idea of two 'reservoirs' of stress resistance or alternatively stress energy.
Selye wrote The Stress of Life (1956), From dream to discovery; on being a scientist (1964) and Stress without Distress (1974). Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. He worked as a professor and director of the Institute of Experimental Medicine and Surgery at the Université de Montréal.
In 1968 he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada. The Order of Canada is the highest civilian honour within the Canadian system of honours, with membership awarded to those who exemplify the order's Latin
Publications
- "A Syndrome Produced by Diverse Nocuous Agents" - 1936 article by Hans Selye from The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
- The Stress of life. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1956.
- From dream to discovery; on being a scientist. New York: McGraw-Hill 1964
- Hormones and resistance. Berlin; New York: Springer-Verlag, 1971.
- Stress without distress. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co. , c1974.
See also
External links
- Mementos and photos
- 'Stress, a film about Hans Selye
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