Western Philosophy 20th-century philosophy
Name	Hans Reichenbach
Birth	September 26, 1891(1891-09-26) Hamburg, German Empire (now in Germany)
Death	April 09, 1953 Los Angeles, USA
School/tradition	Analytic
Main interests	Philosophy of science
Influenced	Berlin Circle, Vienna Circle

Hans Reichenbach (born September 26, 1891 in Hamburg; died April 9, 1953 in Los Angeles) was a leading philosopher of science, educator and proponent of logical empiricism. Western philosophy is a term that refers to philosophical thinking in the Western or Occidental world, as distinct from Eastern or Oriental philosophies See also [[Analytic philosophy]] and [[Continental philosophy]] The 20th century brought with it upheavals that produced a series of conflicting developments within Philosophy Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Analytic philosophy (sometimes analytical philosophy) is a generic term for a style of Philosophy that came to dominate English-speaking countries in the 20th century Philosophy of science is the study of assumptions foundations and implications of Science. The Berlin Circle was a group that maintained logical empiricist views about Philosophy. The Vienna Circle (in German: der Wiener Kreis) was a group of philosophers who gathered around Moritz Schlick when he Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Philosophy of science is the study of assumptions foundations and implications of Science. Logical positivism (later and more accurately called logical empiricism) is a school of philosophy that combines Empiricism, the idea that observational evidence is Reichenbach is best known for founding the Berlin Circle, and as the author of The Rise of Scientific Philosophy.

Life and work

After completing the secondary school in Hamburg, he studied civil engineering at the Technische Hochschule in Stuttgart, and physics, mathematics and philosophy at various universities, including Berlin, Erlangen, Göttingen and Munich. Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. Physics (Greek Physis - φύσις in everyday terms is the Science of Matter and its motion. Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Erlangen is a Middle Franconian City in Bavaria, Germany. It is located at the confluence of the river Regnitz and its large tributary Göttingen ( ˈgœtɪŋən, Low German: Chöttingen is a College town in Lower Saxony, Germany. Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Among his teachers were Ernst Cassirer, David Hilbert, Max Planck, Max Born and Arnold Sommerfeld. Ernst Cassirer ( July 28, 1874 &ndash April 13, 1945) was a German Jewish Philosopher. David Hilbert ( January 23, 1862 &ndash February 14, 1943) was a German Mathematician, recognized as one of the most Max Born (11 December 1882 &ndash 5 January 1970 was a German Physicist and Mathematician who was instrumental in the development of Quantum Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld (5 December 1868 &ndash 26 April 1951 was a German theoretical Physicist who pioneered developments in atomic Reichenbach was active in youth movements and student organizations, and published articles about the university reform, the freedom of research, and against anti-Semitic infiltrations in student organizations.

Reichenbach received a degree in philosophy from the University of Erlangen in 1915 and his dissertation on the theory of probability, supervised by Paul Hensel and Emmy Noether, was published in 1916. Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language History The university was founded in 1742 in Bayreuth by Frederick Margrave of Bayreuth, and moved to Erlangen in 1743 A dissertation (also called thesis or disquisition) is a document that presents the author's Research and findings and is submitted in support of candidature Probability theory is the branch of Mathematics concerned with analysis of random phenomena Paul Hugo Hensel ( May 17, 1860 - November 11, 1930) was a German Philosopher, and grandson of Wilhelm Hensel Amalie Emmy Noether, ˈnøːtɐ (23 March 1882 – 14 April 1935 was a German Mathematician known for her groundbreaking contributions to Abstract algebra and Reichenbach served during World War I on the Russian front, in the German army radio troops. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All In 1917 he was removed from active duty, due to an illness, and returned in Berlin. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. While working as a physicist and engineer, Reichenbach attended Albert Einstein's lectures on the theory of relativity in Berlin from 1917 to 1920. Albert Einstein ( German: ˈalbɐt ˈaɪ̯nʃtaɪ̯n; English: ˈælbɝt ˈaɪnstaɪn (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955 was a German -born theoretical This page is about the scientific concept of relativity for philosophical or sociological theories about relativity see Relativism. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany.

In 1920 Reichenbach began teaching at the Technische Hochschule at Stuttgart as Privatdozent. Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. Private docent (abbreviates PD or Priv-Doz) is a title conferred in some European university systems especially in German -speaking countries In the same year, he published his first book on the philosophical implications of the theory of relativity, The Theory of Relativity and A Priori Knowledge, which criticized the Kantian notion of synthetic a priori. This page is about the scientific concept of relativity for philosophical or sociological theories about relativity see Relativism. Immanuel Kant (ɪmanuəl kant 22 April 1724 12 February 1804 was an 18th-century German Philosopher from the Prussian city of Königsberg "A priori" redirects here For other uses see A priori. He subsequently published Axiomatization of the Theory of Relativity (1924), From Copernicus to Einstein (1927) and The Philosophy of Space and Time (1928), the last stating the logical positivist view on the theory of relativity.

In 1926, with the help of Albert Einstein, Max Planck and Max von Laue, Reichenbach became assistant professor in the physics department of Berlin University. Albert Einstein ( German: ˈalbɐt ˈaɪ̯nʃtaɪ̯n; English: ˈælbɝt ˈaɪnstaɪn (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955 was a German -born theoretical Max Theodor Felix von Laue ( October 9, 1879 &ndash April 24, 1960) was a German physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics He gained notice for his methods of teaching, as he was easily approached and his courses were open to discussion and debate. This was highly unusual at the time, although the practice is nowadays a common one.

In 1928, Reichenbach founded the so-called "Berlin Circle" (German: Die Gesellschaft für empirische Philosophie; English: "Society for Empirical Philosophy"). The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Among its members were Carl Gustav Hempel, Richard von Mises, David Hilbert and Kurt Grelling. Carl Gustav "Peter" Hempel (born January 8 1905 in Oranienburg, Germany died November 9 1997 in Princeton Richard Edler von Mises ( Lemberg (now Lviv) 19 April 1883 - Boston, 14 July 1953) was a scientist David Hilbert ( January 23, 1862 &ndash February 14, 1943) was a German Mathematician, recognized as one of the most Kurt Grelling ( March 2, 1886 &ndash September 1942 was a Logician, Philosopher and member of the Berlin Circle. In 1930 he and Rudolf Carnap began editing the journal Erkenntnis ("Knowledge"). Rudolf Carnap ( May 18, 1891 &ndash September 14, 1970) was an influential German -born philosopher who was active in

When Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933, Reichenbach emigrated to Turkey, where he headed the Department of Philosophy at the University of Istanbul. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately The Head of government of Germany is called Chancellor (Kanzler Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Istanbul University (İstanbul Üniversitesi is Turkey 's main and oldest prestige University. He introduced interdisciplinary seminars and courses on scientific subjects, and in 1935 he published The Theory of Probability. In Academia, Pedagogy, Physical sciences, Earth sciences, Human sciences and Social sciences

In 1938, with the help of Charles Morris, Reichenbach moved to the United States to take up a professorship at the University of California, Los Angeles. Charles Morris may refer to Charles Morris (jurist (1711&ndash1781 army officer officeholder and judge Charles Morris (naval officer The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The University of California Los Angeles (generally known as UCLA) is a public research university located in Westwood Los Angeles, California, United His work on the philosophical foundations of quantum mechanics was published in 1944, followed by Elements of Symbolic Logic in 1947, and The Rise of Scientific Philosophy — his most popular book[1] — in 1951. Quantum mechanics is the study of mechanical systems whose dimensions are close to the Atomic scale such as Molecules Atoms Electrons

Reichenbach helped establish UCLA as a leading philosophy department in the United States in the post-war period. Hilary Putnam, one of the major names in Western Philosophy during the latter half of the 20th century, may have been his most prominent student. Hilary Whitehall Putnam (born July 31 1926 is an American Philosopher who has been a central figure in Western philosophy since the 1960s especially in Philosophy Western philosophy is a term that refers to philosophical thinking in the Western or Occidental world, as distinct from Eastern or Oriental philosophies

Reichenbach died in Los Angeles on April 9, 1953, while working on problems in the philosophy of time and on the nature of scientific laws. Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Philosophy of space and time is the branch of Philosophy concerned with the issues surrounding the Ontology, Epistemology, and character of Space A scientific law is a statement that describes the behavior of some particular thing or set of things within the natural world, with an adequately thorough history of successful This work resulted in two books published posthumously: The Direction of Time and Nomological Statements and Admissible Operations.

Selected publications

• 1916. Max Born (11 December 1882 &ndash 5 January 1970 was a German Physicist and Mathematician who was instrumental in the development of Quantum Ernst Cassirer ( July 28, 1874 &ndash April 13, 1945) was a German Jewish Philosopher. David Hilbert ( January 23, 1862 &ndash February 14, 1943) was a German Mathematician, recognized as one of the most Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld (5 December 1868 &ndash 26 April 1951 was a German theoretical Physicist who pioneered developments in atomic Albert Einstein ( German: ˈalbɐt ˈaɪ̯nʃtaɪ̯n; English: ˈælbɝt ˈaɪnstaɪn (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955 was a German -born theoretical Carl Gustav "Peter" Hempel (born January 8 1905 in Oranienburg, Germany died November 9 1997 in Princeton Hilary Whitehall Putnam (born July 31 1926 is an American Philosopher who has been a central figure in Western philosophy since the 1960s especially in Philosophy Wesley C Salmon (1925&ndash April 22 2001) was a contemporary philosopher concerned primarily with the topics of Causation and Explanation Der Begriff der Wahrscheinlichkeit für die mathematische Darstellung der Wirklichkeit. Ph. D. dissertation, Erlangen.
• 1920. Relativitätstheorie und Erkenntnis apriori. English translation: 1965. The theory of relativity and a priori knowledge. University of California Press.
• 1922. "Der gegenwärtige Stand der Relativitätsdiskussion. " English translation: "The present state of the discussion on relativity" in Reichenbach (1959).
• 1924. Axiomatik der relativistischen Raum-Zeit-Lehre. English translation: 1969. Axiomatization of the theory of relativity. University of California Press.
• 1924. "Die Bewegungslehre bei Newton, Leibniz und Huyghens. " English translation: "The theory of motion according to Newton, Leibniz, and Huyghens" in Reichenbach (1959).
• 1927. Von Kopernikus bis Einstein. Der Wandel unseres Weltbildes. English translation: 1942, From Copernicus to Einstein. Alliance Book Co.
• 1928. Philosophie der Raum-Zeit-Lehre. English translation: Maria Reichenbach, 1957, The Philosophy of Space and Time. Dover. ISBN 0-486-60443-8
• 1930. Atom und Kosmos. Das physikalische Weltbild der Gegenwart. English translation: 1932, Atom and cosmos: the world of modern physics. G. Allen & Unwin, ltd.
• 1931. "Ziele und Wege der heutigen Naturphilosophie. " English translation: "Aims and methods of modern philosophy of nature" in Reichenbach (1959).
• 1935. Wahrscheinlichkeitslehre : eine Untersuchung über die logischen und mathematischen Grundlagen der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung. English translation: 1948, The theory of probability, an inquiry into the logical and mathematical foundations of the calculus of probability. University of California Press.
• 1938. Experience and prediction: an analysis of the foundations and the structure of knowledge. University of Chicago Press. The University of Chicago Press is the largest University press in the United States
• 1942. From Copernicus to Einstein Dover 1980: ISBN 0-486-23940-3
• 1944. Philosophic Foundations of Quantum Mechanics. University of California Press. Dover 1998: ISBN 0-486-40459-5
• 1947. Elements of Symbolic Logic. Macmillan Co. Dover 1980: ISBN 0-486-24004-5
• 1948. "Philosophy and physics" in Faculty research lectures, 1946. University of California Press.
• 1949. "The philosophical significance of the theory of relativity" in Schilpp, P. A. , ed. , Albert Einstein: philosopher-scientist. Evanston : The Library of Living Philosophers.
• 1951. The Rise of Scientific Philosophy. University of California Press. University of California Press, also known as UC Press, is a Publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in Academic ISBN 978-0-520-01055-0
• 1954. Nomological statements and admissible operations. North Holland.
• 1956. The Direction of Time. University of California Press. Dover 1971: ISBN 0-486-40926-0
• 1959. Modern philosophy of science: Selected essays by Hans Reichenbach. Routledge & Kegan Paul. Greenwood Press 1981: ISBN 0-313-23274-1
• 1978. Selected writings, 1909-1953: with a selection of biographical and autobiographical sketches (Vienna circle collection). Dordrecht: Reidel. Springer paperback vol 1: ISBN 90-277-0292-6
• 1979. Hans Reichenbach, logical empiricist (Synthese library). Dordrecht : Reidel.
• 1991. Erkenntnis Orientated: A Centennial volume for Rudolf Carnap and Hans Reichenbach. Kluwer. Springer 2003: ISBN 0-7923-1408-5
• 1991. Logic, language, and the structure of scientific theories : proceedings of the Carnap-Reichenbach centennial, University of Konstanz, 21-24 May 1991. University of Pittsburgh Press.

References

• Grünbaum, A. , 1963, Philosophical Problems of Space and Time. Chpt. 3.
• Carl Hempel, 1991, Hans Reichenbach remembered, Erkenntnis 35: 5-10. Carl Gustav "Peter" Hempel (born January 8 1905 in Oranienburg, Germany died November 9 1997 in Princeton
• Wesley Salmon, 1977, "The philosophy of Hans Reichenbach," Synthese 34: 5-88. Wesley C Salmon (1925&ndash April 22 2001) was a contemporary philosopher concerned primarily with the topics of Causation and Explanation
• ------, 1991, "Hans Reichenbach's vindication of induction," Erkenntnis 35: 99-122.

External links

• The Rise of Scientific Philosophy Descriptive summary & full searchable text at Google Book Search
• O'Connor, John J. & Robertson, Edmund F. , “Hans Reichenbach”, MacTutor History of Mathematics archive 
• The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Hans Reichenbach by Mauro Murzi. The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive is an award-winning website maintained by John J
• The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: "Reichenbach's Common Cause Principle" by Frank Arntzenius.