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For the Swiss inventor and helicopter builder, see Hans Berger (aircraft manufacturer). Hans Berger was a Swiss inventor noted for the two successful helicopters that he designed and built by himself with no formal aeronautical training the BX-50 of 1961 and the
Hans Berger is also a penname of German politician Gerhart Eisler


Hans Berger
Hans Berger
Hans Berger
BornMay 21, 1873
Neuses
DiedJune 1, 1941
NationalityGermany
Alma materUniversity of Jena
Known forelectroencephalograms

Hans Berger (May 21, 1873 – June 1, 1941) was born in Neuses near Coburg, Thuringia, Germany. Gerhard Eisler (born February 20, 1897 - March 21, 1968 in Leipzig) was a German politician Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval Friedrich Schiller University of Jena (FSU is located in Jena, Thuringia in Germany and was renamed for the German writer Friedrich Schiller Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Coburg is a town located on the Itz River in Bavaria, Germany The Free State of Thuringia (Freistaat Thüringen is located in central Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. He is known as the first to record electroencephalograms from human subjects and is the discoverer of the rhythmic Alpha brain waves.

Contents

Background

Berger originally had intended to study astronomy. While he was serving in the German army in the early 1890s, his horse slipped down an embankment, nearly seriously injuring Berger. His sister many miles away had a feeling he was in danger and got her father to telegram him. This astonished him so much that he switched to study psychology. (Blakemore 1977)

He studied medicine at the University of Jena, receiving his doctorate in 1897. Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena (FSU is located in Jena, Thuringia in Germany and was renamed for the German writer Friedrich Schiller Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common In 1900 he was hired as an assistant to Otto Ludwig Binswanger (1852-1929), chairman of the University's psychiatry and neurology clinic. Otto Ludwig Binswanger ( October 14, 1852 - July 15, 1929) was a Swiss Psychiatrist and Neurologist who came from a famous Psychiatry is a medical specialty which exists to study, prevent, and treat Mental disorders in Humans Psychiatric There, he joined two famous scientists and physicians, Oskar Vogt (1870-1959) and Korbinian Brodmann (1868-1918) in their research on lateralization of brain function. Oskar Vogt ( April 6 1870 - July 30 1959 in Freiburg im Breisgau) was a German Physician and Neurologist Korbinian Brodmann ( November 17, 1868 - August 22, 1918) was a German Neurologist who became famous for his definition A Longitudinal fissure separates the Human brain into two distinct Cerebral hemispheres connected by the Corpus callosum. He became a professor in 1906 and succeeded Binswanger in 1919. He later served as Rector at the University of Jena (1927-1928) and eventually became Professor Emeritus in Psychology in 1938. Psychology (from Greek grc ψῡχή psȳkhē, "breath life soul" and grc -λογία -logia) is an Academic and

Research

Among his many research interests in neurology, Berger studied brain circulation, psychophysiology and brain temperature. This is an article about the rock music band "Circulatory System" Psychophysiology (from Greek grc ψῡχή psȳkhē, "breath life soul" grc φύσις physis, "nature origin" and grc -λογία Temperature is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold something that is hotter generally has the greater temperature However his main contribution to medicine and neurology was the systematic study of the electrical activity of human brain and the development of electroencephalography (EEG), following the pioneering work done by Richard Caton (1842-1926) in England with animals. Richard Caton (1842-1926 of Liverpool, England was a scientist who was crucial in discovering the electrical nature of the brain and laid the groundwork for England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland In 1924, Berger made the first EEG recording in man and called it Electroenkephalogram. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Using the EEG he was also the first to describe the different waves or rhythms which were present in the normal and abnormal brain, such as the alpha wave rhythm (8-12 Hz), also known as Berger's wave; and its suppression (substitution by the faster beta waves) when the subject opens the eyes (the so-called alpha blockade). Alpha waves are Electromagnetic oscillations in the frequency range of 8–12 Hz arising from synchronous and coherent ( in phase Beta wave, or beta rhythm is the term used to designate the Frequency range of Brain activity above 12 Hz (12 transitions or cycles per second He also studied and described for the first time the nature of EEG alterations in brain diseases such as epilepsy. Epilepsy is a common chronic Neurological disorder that is characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures.

His method involved inserting silver wires under the patients scalp, one at the front of the head and one at the back. Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen The scalp is the anatomical area bordered by the Face anteriorly and the Neck to the sides and posteriorly Later he used silver foil electrodes attached to the head by a rubber bandage. As a recording device he first used the Lippmann's capillary electrometer, but results were disappointing. Gabriel Jonas Lippmann ( August 16 1845 &ndash July 13 1921) was a Franco - Luxembourgish Physicist and Inventor A Lippmann electrometer is a device for detecting small rushes of Electric current. He then switched to the string galvanometer and later to a double-coil Siemens recording galvanometer, which allowed him to record electrical voltages as small as one ten thousandth of a volt. A galvanometer is a type of Ammeter; an instrument for detecting and measuring Electric current. Electrical tension (or voltage after its SI unit, the Volt) is the difference of electrical potential between two points of an electrical The resulting output, up to three seconds in duration, was then photographed by an assistant.

An early EEG recording done by Berger
An early EEG recording done by Berger

"Berger, in 1935, was not regarded by his associates as in the front rank of German psychiatrists, having rather the reputation of being a crank. He seemed to me to be a modest and dignified person, full of good humour, and as unperturbed by lack of recognition as he was later by the fame it eventually brought upon him. But he had one fatal weakness: he was completely ignorant of the technical and physical basis of his method. He knew nothing about mechanics or electricity. " - from The Living Brain, William Grey Walter. W Grey Walter ( February 19 1910 &ndash May 6 1977) was a Neurophysiologist and Robotician.

International recognition came later to Berger. His results were confirmed by British and American scientists, such as Edgar Douglas Adrian and he was invited in 1937 to present his work to an international forum, where the importance and pioneering nature of his discoveries were hailed. Edgar Douglas Adrian 1st Baron Adrian OM PRS ( 30 November 1889 &ndash 4 August 1977) was a British electrophysiologist

Death

Disturbed by the consequences of Second World War and National Socialism to his professional and private world, Hans Berger committed suicide by hanging himself on June 1, 1941. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Selected publications

References

Further reading

External links

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