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| Route Number: | 301, 349 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Line number: | 6107 (ABS), 6185 (NBS) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Line length: | 258 km | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maximum speed: | 250 km/h | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Legend
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The Hanover-Berlin high-speed rail line is a 258 kilometre railway line linking the German cities of Hanover and Berlin
The Wolfsburg-Berlin section was built as a new line and runs largely parallel to the Lehrterbahn (the old Berlin-Hanover railway) opened in 1871. Berlin Ostbahnhof (translates from German as Berlin East Station) is a mainline Railway station in Berlin, Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Hanover (i ( haˈnoːfɐ on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony ( Niedersachsen Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. The whole line was opened officially on 15 September 1998 and has been in commercial service since 20 September 1998. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar)
The overall Hanover-Berlin project (including the reorganization and upgrading of the Lehrterbahn) was carried out as German unity rail project no 4 of the federal transport plan.
Contents |
Project
The line consists of five sections: upgraded line between Hanover and Lehrte (for operations up to 160 km/h) and between Lehrte and Wolfsburg (200 km/h), the new and upgraded line between Wolfsburg and Oebisfelde (68 km altogether); the 148 km-long new line between Oebisfelde and Staaken (250 km/h) and the connection between Staaken and the Berlin Stadtbahn and Berlin station (60 to 160 km/h). Lehrte is a town in the district of Hanover, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Oebisfelde (øːbɪsˈfɛldə is a municipality in the Börde district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Staaken is a locality at the western rim of Berlin within the borough of Spandau. History In 1871 eight main line railways existed in Berlin each with its own Terminal station at the city's edge or outside the city limits or Berlin Central Station, is the main Railway station in Berlin, Germany and the largest crossing station in Europe.
Due to its flat profile the line has few structures, apart from a cut-and-cover tunnel under the Elbe-Seitenkanal (ca. The Elbe-Seitenkanal ( German, translates as Elbe lateral canal) is a 115 km long Canal in Lower Saxony, Germany. 1975) and four large bridge over the Mittellandkanal, the Elbe, the Havel and Havelkanal. The Elbe ( die Elbe Low German: de Ilv) is one of the major Rivers of Central Europe. The Havel (ˈhaːfəl is a river in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Berlin and Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. The line was the first German line, which was mostly constructed with slab (ballast-less) track. The permanent way means the physical elements of the railway line itself generally the pairs of rails typically laid on sleepers embedded in ballast intended to carry the ordinary
Stations
- Berlin Hauptbahnhof
- Berlin-Spandau
- Stendal
- Wolfsburg
- Hannover Hauptbahnhof
Planning
In the 1980s planning began on an improved line for ICE trains for transit traffic (people who were allowed to transit, but did not have a visa to visit East Germany) between West Germany and West Berlin. or Berlin Central Station, is the main Railway station in Berlin, Germany and the largest crossing station in Europe. is the Hauptbahnhof for the city of Hanover in Lower Saxony, Germany. The InterCityExpress or ICE (German pronunciation) is a system of high-speed trains predominantly running in Germany and neighbouring countries The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( West Berlin was the name given to the western part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990 In September 1988, the governments of West Germany and East Germany began negotiations in relation to the development of the Lehrterbahn for speeds up to 200 km/h. [1]
Options available were:
- Northern route via Wolfsburg and Stendal to the old Lehrter Bahn
- Southern route via Magdeburg and Potsdam to the Berlin-Potsdam-Magdeburger railway
In 1990 the northern route was chosen; it was the shortest and fastest connection between Berlin and Hanover and was used by the long-distance high-speed trains before World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The option that was favored had the transit tracks parallel with, but separately from, the existing tracks of the Lehrterbahn, which would remain available for internal East German traffic. The existing line would be used from Wolfsburg to Hanover as an upgraded line. The new and upgraded line was intended for passenger traffic and the original line for goods traffic. At several points the new and original lines were to be interconnected, including Rathenow and Stendal.
On 28 June 1990 the transport ministers of the two still separate Germans States, Horst Gibtner and Friedrich Zimmermann signed an agreement to build a high-speed line along the existing Lehrtebahn, following two years of negotiations. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Friedrich Zimmermann (born July 18 1925 in Munich) is a German politician and a member of the CSU. [2]
It was originally planned that the high-speed line would be used by a hourly IC/ICE line between Hanover and/or Braunschweig and Berlin. Braunschweig, known as Brunswiek in Low German, is a city of 245810 people (as of 31 December 2007 located in Lower Saxony, Germany. As a result of the expected increase of traffic due to German reunification four lines had been adopted by 1991:
- Berlin–Hannover– Ruhr Area
- Berlin–Hannover–Bremen
- Berlin–Wolfsburg–Braunschweig–Kassel–Frankfurt
- Berlin–Stendal–Salzwedel–Uelzen–Hamburg
Taking into regional, suburban and freight trains, planning was based on 200 trains each day (in both directions) between Berlin and Stendal for the high-speed and original routes. German reunification (Deutsche Wiedervereinigung took place twice after 1945 first in 1957 the Saarland was permitted to join the Federal Republic of Germany The Ruhr Area, ( German Ruhrgebiet, colloquial Ruhrpott, Kohlenpott or Revier) is an Urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia Bremen (ˈbʁeːmən is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany (official name Stadtgemeinde Bremen / City Municipality of Bremen Kassel (until 1926 officially Cassel) is a city situated along the Fulda River in northern Hessen, Germany, one of the two sources of the Stendal (ˈʃtɛndaːl is a Town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is the capital of Stendal District and unofficial capital of the Altmark Salzwedel (ˈzaltsveːdəl officially known as Hansestadt Salzwedel, is a Town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Uelzen (ˈʏltsən is a Town in Lower Saxony, Germany, capital of the district Uelzen. Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany In consequence, it was decided that the design speed for the high-speed line would be 250 km/h, the original line would be developed for a design speed of 160 instead of 120 km/h and earthworks and structures on the largely single-track original route between Staaken and Stendal would make provision for a second track. [2]
Construction
Building began on 11 November 1992 with the beginning of work on the 812 m-long Elbe bridge at Hämerten. For the Spandau machine gun see Maschinengewehr 08. For the 1980s New Romantic group see Spandau Ballet. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) The Elbe ( die Elbe Low German: de Ilv) is one of the major Rivers of Central Europe. Parallel to the building of the new line, Lehrterbahn was reorganised. At the same time construction commenced at Berlin Spandau long-distance station and on the Weddel loop line, a 21 km-long connection between Fallersleben (near Wolfsburg) and Weddel (near Braunschweig). Berlin-Spandau is a Railway station situated in the Spandau district of Berlin, Germany located at the western end of the S-Bahn lines and.
The 16. 7 hz traction current line between Oebisfelde and Rathenow, which was brought into service on 14 March 1995, was the first traction current connection established between west and east Germany. The hertz (symbol Hz) is a measure of Frequency, informally defined as the number of events occurring per Second. A traction current line is a High voltage Transmission line for the supply of railways with Traction current for powering Locomotives A network Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 The last viaduct was finished in October 1997 with the bridge over the Havelkanal.
During the building phase, archaeologists carried out approximately 4,000 digs in Brandenburg and made discoveries in 30 places, including finds of some objects that were over 1,500 years old. Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos Brandenburg ( Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of the sixteen states of Germany.
Numerous test and acceptance runs were made with ICE S trains at up to 331 km/h between April and August 1998. ICE S is Deutsche Bahn 's testing train for high-speed tests The "S" stands for German Schnellfahrtzug, which translates to "fast runs train" Services commenced on 24 May 1998 on the Vorsfelde-Stendal section. Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) On 15 September 1998 the whole line was officially opened. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar)
In 2005 long-planned changes began on the eastern side of Lehrte station. On 15 January 2007 two new bridges were opened as a flying junction in Lehrte, overcoming congestion at the junction. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. A flying junction is a Railway junction at which one or more diverging or converging tracks in a multiple-track route cross other tracks on the route by bridge to avoid conflict When work on points is completed in 2008, the running speed of the main line will be raised from 60 to 120 km/h. This article primarily uses North American terminology British and Commonwealth terms are given in parentheses The Federal government plans to invest € 376 million for upgrades between Hanover and Lehrte between 2006 and 2010. The euro sign (€ is the Currency sign used for the Euro, the official currency of the European Union (EU [3]
Great Bustard protection area
East of Rathenow, near Buckow, the line runs by the 6. 400 ha nature reserve of Havelländisches Luch. Explanation The hectare is commonly used in most countries around the world especially in domains concerned with land planning and management such as Agriculture, nature reserve ( natural reserve, nature preserve, natural preserve) is a Protected area of importance for Wildlife, flora It is one the last refuges in Germany for the vulnerable Great Bustard, one of the largest flying birds of the world. The Great Bustard, Otis tarda, is in the Bustard family the only member of the genus Otis.
There were extensive discussions until 1995 in relation to measures to protect the birds, including consideration of the building of a six-km long tunnel for approximately DM one billion. In order not to disturb the birds, this would have required about seven years to build. A cut-and-cover tunnel would have cost DM 500 million. A tunnel is an underground passageway The definition of what constitutes a tunnel is not universally agreed upon A deviation around the entire area was also examined.
In order to protect the endangered species, for a length of six km (between the 153 and 158 km marks) seven metre-high embankments were built to assist the over-flight of the birds, which have quite slow and low take-offs. The cost for this work was DM 35 million. On a 17 km-long section (between the 148. 5 and the 165. 5 km marks) the third track of the parallel Lehrterbahn was omitted and trains from it run on the new line. In addition on this section, the overall height of the electrification supply lines is reduced and the maximum speed is reduced to 200 km/h. An area of approximately 300 hectares was added to the nature park as compensatory habitat. This work delayed the planned opening from 1997 to 1998.
Commencement of operations
On 24 May 1998 the Wolfsburg-Oebisfelde-Stendal section of the new line entered service. Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) The whole new line was officially opened on 15 September 1998 by the Chancellor Helmut Kohl, DB boss Johannes Ludewig and Berlin Mayor Eberhard Diepgen. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) The Head of government of Germany is called Chancellor (Kanzler Helmut Josef Michael Kohl (born 3 April 1930 is a German conservative politician and statesman The following list of mayors of Berlin shows all the Mayors ( Oberbürgermeister, Regierender Bürgermeister) of Berlin, Germany since Eberhard Diepgen (born November 13 1941 in Berlin) is a German politician of the CDU. In Berlin Ostbahnhof the opening ICE was officially named the “Claus Graf Stauffenberg”, before it ran to Hanover via Stendal and Wolfsburg as ICE18952. Berlin Ostbahnhof (translates from German as Berlin East Station) is a mainline Railway station in Berlin, Germany. Claus Philipp Maria Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg ( 15 November 1907 &ndash 21 July 1944) was a German army officer
With the timetable change on 20 September 1998 the travel time between Berlin and Hanover was reduced from four hours and twelve minutes (1990) to one and a half hours; the Berlin-Frankfurt time was reduced to an even four hours. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) The drastic travel time reduction on the new line led to rising passenger numbers, as a result of the cancellation of the competing air services between Berlin and Hanover.
With the opening of the high-speed line, the two state capitals of Magdeburg and Potsdam lost their ICE connections. Magdeburg ( Low Saxon: Meideborg ˈmaˑɪdebɔɐx the Capital city of the Bundesland of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany Also see Potsdam New York (in the USA For the Potsdam Conference see Potsdam Conference. As a consequence there were violent protests, which led for some time to the reinstatement of occasional ICEs between Berlin and Wolfsburg on the old line.
Service
Several ICE/IClines run across the line:
- ICE:: Berlin−Hannover−Hamm−Essen−Düsseldorf−Cologne or Hamm−Wuppertal− Cologne. InterCity (commonly abbreviated IC on timetables and tickets is the classification applied to certain long-distance Passenger train services in or Berlin Central Station, is the main Railway station in Berlin, Germany and the largest crossing station in Europe. is the Hauptbahnhof for the city of Hanover in Lower Saxony, Germany. Hamm (Westfalen (often abbreviated Hamm (Westf or simply Hamm (W) is a Railway station situated in the city of Hamm in the German is the Hauptbahnhof for the city of Essen in western Germany. is the Hauptbahnhof for the city of Düsseldorf in Germany, state capital of North Rhine-Westphalia. Köln Hauptbahnhof (English Cologne Central Station, Abbr: Köln Hbf) is the central railway station in Cologne, Germany This line is operated hourly by ICE 2 trains that are divided into two trains at Hamm. Deutsche Bahn 's Baureihe 402 EMUs, better known as ICE 2, supplement the InterCityExpress fleet since 1995
- ICE: Berlin−Braunschweig−Kassel−Wilhelmshöhe−Frankfurt− Mannheim−Basel or Mannheim−Stuttgart−Munich. is the Hauptbahnhof of the German city Braunschweig. It is about 1 Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe is a Railway station in the city of Kassel, in the German state of Hesse. is the Hauptbahnhof for Frankfurt am Main and along with Leipzig Hauptbahnhof, is one of the largest Terminal stations in Europe is the central Railway station of Mannheim in Germany. It is one of the 21 Category 1 stations in Germany Basel SBB is the central Railway station in the city of Basel in Switzerland. is the Hauptbahnhof of the city of Stuttgart in southwestern Germany. München Hauptbahnhof (translated from German as Munich Central Station short form München Hbf) is the Hauptbahnhof (main Railway It operates to Mannheim each hour, then alternating every two hours to Basel or Munich. This line also runs over the Hanover-Würzburg high-speed line and uses ICE 1s. History The Deutsche Bundesbahn began construction of the line in 1973. The ICE 1 is the first series of German High-speed trains and one of five in the InterCityExpress family
- IC: Berlin− Hannover−Osnabrück−Münster or Osnabrück−Bad Bentheim−Amsterdam every two hours, branching every four hours in Osnabrück. Osnabrück (ɔsnaˈbʁʏk is a City in Lower Saxony, Germany, some 80 km NNE of Dortmund, 45 km NE of Münster, and some 100 km due Münster ( is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the northern part of the state and is considered to be the cultural centre of the Bad Bentheim is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany lying in the district of Grafschaft Bentheim on the borders with North Rhine-Westphalia and the Amsterdam Centraal (Asd is the Central station of Amsterdam. It is one of the main railway nodes of the Netherlands and is used by approximately 150000
Running speeds
The new line is regularly operated between the 178 km-mark of the Lehrterbahn (near Vorsfelde) and the 118 km-mark (near Berlin-Staaken) at 250 km/h; in the Great Bustard protection area (148 to 166 km-marks) the maximum speed is 200 km/h. Staaken is a locality at the western rim of Berlin within the borough of Spandau. The upgraded line in the Lehrte–Wolfsburg–Oebisfelde section is designed for 200 km/h.
On 13 August 2001 an ICE S ran on the new line at 393 km/h. Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. This is the second highest speed that has been achieved so far on German railways.
Notes
- ^ Jahresrückblick 1988 − Neu- und Ausbaustrecken. In Die Bundesbahn 1/1989, S. 58 (German)
- ^ a b Helmut Weber, Gernot Arnhold: Schnellverbindung Hannover–Berlin: Abschnitt Oebisfelde–Staaken ein Jahr nach Planungsstart. In Die Bundesbahn 10/1991, p 977 ff. (German)
- ^ Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung: Investitionsrahmenplan bis 2010 für die Verkehrsinfrastruktur des Bundes, April 2007 (German)
References
- This article is based on a translation of the article Schnellfahrstrecke Hannover–Berlin from the German Wikipedia.
- Erich Preuß: Die Schnellbahn Hannover–Berlin. Geramond-Verlag, 1998, ISBN 3932785312. (German)
- Jürgen Hörstel: Hannover–Berlin. Geschichte und Bau einer Schnellbahnverbindung. Transpress-Verlag, 1998, ISBN 3613710889 (German)
External links
- Deutsche Bahn Information brochure (PDF, 20 pages, 3 MB) (German)
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