The City of Hanoi Hà Nội (River Interior)
Seal
Central city	Hanoi
Districts	14
Founded, Capital of the Đại Việt Kingdom	1010
Capital of Vietnam	September 2, 1945
Area
- City	920. Districts are a type of Administrative division, in some countries managed by a Local government. The history of Vietnam begins around 2700 years ago Successive dynasties based in China ruled Vietnam directly for most of the period from 111 BC until 938 Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 97 km² (355. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 6 sq mi)
- Urban	186. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 22 km² (71. 9 sq mi)
Population (2007)
- City	3. 398. 889
- Density	3,347/km² (8,668. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 7/sq mi)
Website: www.hanoi.gov.vn

Hanoi (Vietnamese: Hà Nội, Hán Tự: 河内) pronunciation (help·info), estimated population 3. Vietnamese ( tiếng Việt, or less commonly Việt ngữ) formerly known under French colonization as Annamese ( see Annam) Hán tự ( {{IPA|/han˦˥ tɯ˨/}}; 漢[[wikt 字|字]] meaning " Chinese character " or chữ Nho ( {{IPA|/tɕɯ˧˨˧ ɲɔ/}} 398. 889 (2007) ^[1], is the capital of Vietnam. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially From 1010 until 1802, it was the political centre of an independent Vietnam with a few brief interruptions. Year 1802 ( MDCCCII) was a Common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting on Wednesday of the It was eclipsed by Huế during the Nguyen Dynasty as the capital of Vietnam, but served as the capital of French Indochina from 1887 to 1954. ( 化 in Chữ Nôm) is the capital city of Thừa Thiên - Huế province, Vietnam. The Nguyễn Dynasty (Nhà Nguyễn Hán Việt: Nguyễn triều 阮朝 was the last ruling family of Vietnam. First French interventions See also France-Vietnam relations France-Vietnam relations started as early as the 17th century with the mission of the Jesuit From 1954 to 1976, it was the capital of North Vietnam. The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN or less commonly Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa was a Country on the northern half of Vietnam

The city is located on the right bank of the Red River. There are also other rivers named Red River. The Red River, also known as the Hong - Red Song Cai, Song Ca Hanoi is located at 21°2' North, 105°51' East, 1760 km (1094 mi) north of Ho Chi Minh City.

On May 29 2008, it is decided that Ha Tay province, Vinh Phuc's Me Linh district and 3 communes of Luong Son district, Hoa Binh will be merged into the metropolitan area of Hanoi from August 1 2008^[2]. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Ha Tay ( Vietnamese: Hà Tây;; Hán Tự: 河[[wikt 西|西]] is a former Province of Vietnam, in the Red Vĩnh Phúc Province ( Hán Tự: 永[[wikt 福|福]] is a province in the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam. Me Linh (Mê Linh is a rural district (''huyện'' of Hanoi, formerly of Vinh Phuc Province in the Red River Delta region of northern Luong Son (Lương Sơn is a district (''huyện'' of Hoa Binh Province in the northwestern region of Vietnam. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Hanoi's total areas will be maximized 3 times to 334,470 hectares divided into 29 subdivisions^[3]. Explanation The hectare is commonly used in most countries around the world especially in domains concerned with land planning and management such as Agriculture, The new population is 6,232,940^[4].

Contents 1 History 2 Geography 3 Education 4 Tourist Attractions 4.1 Museums 5 Hotels 6 Entertainment 7 Cuisine 8 Population 9 Transportation 10 Economy 11 Sport Centers 12 Health care and other facilities 13 Districts 14 Sister cities 15 Photos of Hanoi 16 Literature 17 References 18 External links 19 See also

History

The area around modern Hanoi has been inhabited since at least 3000 BC. Hoan Kiem (Hoàn Kiếm) is an urban district (''quận'' of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam, named after the scenic Hoan Kiem Lake. One of the first known permanent settlements is the Co Loa citadel founded around 200 BC. Cổ Loa Citadel ( is a Citadel built near Phong Khe, about 20km to the west of today’s Hanoi, during the end of the Hồng Bàng Dynasty

Hanoi has had many names throughout history, all of them of Sino-Vietnamese origin. During the Chinese domination of Vietnam, it was known as Tống Bình (宋平) and later Long Đỗ. In 866, it was turned into a citadel and was named Đại La (大羅).

In 1010, Lý Thái Tổ, the first ruler of the Lý Dynasty, moved the capital of Đại Việt (大越, the Great Viet, then the name of Vietnam) to the site of the Đại La Citadel. Lý Thái Tổ ( Hán tự: 李[[wikt 太|太]] 祖, birth name Lý Công Uẩn 李[[wikt 公|公]] ruled Vietnam as emperor for 19 years The Lý Dynasty ( Vietnamese: nhà Lý, IPA: /ɲa˨˩ li˦˥/ pronounced like Lee) sometimes known as the Posterior Lý Dynasty ( Claiming to have seen a dragon ascending the Red River, he renamed it Thăng Long (昇龍, Ascending dragon) - a name still used poetically to this day. It remained the capital of Vietnam until 1397, when the capital was moved to Thanh Hóa, also known as Tây Đô (西都, Western Capital). Thăng Long then became Đông Đô (東都, Eastern Capital).

In 1408, Vietnam was invaded by Chinese troops from the Ming Dynasty and Đông Đô was renamed Đông Quan (東關, Eastern Gateway) by the Chinese. The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led In 1428, Vietnam was liberated from Chinese rule by Lê Lợi, the founder of the Le Dynasty and Đông Quan was renamed Đông Kinh (東京, Eastern Capital - the name known to Europeans as Tonkin; and evidently, the same characters used for Tokyo). Lê Lợi ( Hán tự: 黎[[wikt 利|利]] 1384 or 1385? &ndash 1433 posthumously known with the Temple name Lê Thái Tổ ( 黎[[wikt The Later Lê Dynasty ( Vietnamese: Nhà Hậu Lê; Hán Việt: 後黎朝 sometimes referred to as the Lê Dynasty (the earlier Lê Dynasty Tonkin (Đông Kinh in Vietnamese) also spelled Tongkin, Tonquin or Tongking, is the northernmost part of Vietnam, south of officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. During the Tây Sơn Dynasty, it was named Bắc Thành (北城, Northern Citadel). The name of Tây Sơn ( 西[[wikt 山|山]] is used in many ways referring back to the period of Peasant rebellions and decentralized dynasties established between

In 1802, when the Nguyễn Dynasty was established and then moved the capital down to present-day Huế, it was renamed Thăng Long ( "ascending dragon"). Year 1802 ( MDCCCII) was a Common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting on Wednesday of the The Nguyễn Dynasty (Nhà Nguyễn Hán Việt: Nguyễn triều 阮朝 was the last ruling family of Vietnam. ( 化 in Chữ Nôm) is the capital city of Thừa Thiên - Huế province, Vietnam. However, the second syllable of the toponym is actually a homonym of the word long, and so, actually suggests “to flourish” as opposed to “dragon”. Therefore, the name would then have appeared as 昇隆, roughly to ascend and flourish. In 1831 the Nguyen Dynasty renamed it Hà Nội (河内, can be translated as Between Rivers or River Interior) . Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Hanoi was occupied by the French in 1873 and passed to them ten years later. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common It became the capital of French Indochina after 1887. First French interventions See also France-Vietnam relations France-Vietnam relations started as early as the 17th century with the mission of the Jesuit Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

The city was occupied by the Japanese in 1940, and liberated in 1945, when it became the seat of Vietnam's government. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar From 1946 to 1954, it was the scene of heavy fighting between the French and Viet Minh forces. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) The Việt Minh (abbreviated from Việt Nam Ðộc Lập Ðồng Minh Hội, English "League for the Independence of Vietnam" was a National liberation At that point, the city became the capital of an independent North Vietnam. The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN or less commonly Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa was a Country on the northern half of Vietnam

During the Vietnam War Hanoi's transportation facilities were disrupted by the bombing of bridges and railways, which were, however, promptly repaired. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia Following the end of the war, Hanoi became the capital of Vietnam when North and South Vietnam were reunited on July 2, 1976. "RVN" redirects here RVN is also the former callsign of a TV station in Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia Events 310 - Pope Miltiades is elected 626 - In fear of assassination Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Geography

Hanoi experiences the typical climate of northern Vietnam, where summers are hot and humid, and winters are relatively cool and dry. The summer months from May to September receive the majority of rainfall in the year (1,682 mm rainfall/ year). The winter months from November to March are relatively dry, although spring then often brings light rains. The minimum winter temperature in Hanoi can dip as low as 6–7°C (43°F) not including the wind chill, while summer can get as hot as 38–40°C (100-104°F). ^[5]

Weather averages for Hanoi
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Average high °C (°F)	19 (66)	19 (67)	22 (72)	27 (80)	31 (87)	32 (90)	32 (90)	32 (89)	31 (88)	28 (82)	24 (76)	22 (71)
Average low °C (°F)	14 (58)	16 (60)	18 (65)	22 (71)	25 (77)	27 (80)	27 (80)	27 (80)	26 (78)	23 (73)	19 (66)	16 (60)
Precipitation mm (inches)	20. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric 1 (0. 79)	30. 5 (1. 20)	40. 6 (1. 60)	80 (3. 15)	195. 6 (7. 70)	240 (9. 45)	320 (12. 6)	340. 4 (13. 4)	254 (10. 0)	100. 3 (3. 95)	40. 6 (1. 60)	20. 3 (0. 80)
Source: weather. com[6]and asiaforvisitors. com[7] 2008-02-26

Education

Hanoi, as the capital of French Indochina, was home to the first Western-style universities in Indochina, including: Indochina Medical College (1902) - now Hanoi Medical University, Indochina University (1904) - now Hanoi National University, and École Supérieure des Beaux-Arts de L'Indochine (1925) - now Hanoi University of Fine Art. Hanoi Medical University (HMU (Đại học Y Hà Nội is the oldest medical university of Vietnam located in Hanoi. First French interventions See also France-Vietnam relations France-Vietnam relations started as early as the 17th century with the mission of the Jesuit Hanoi Medical University (HMU (Đại học Y Hà Nội is the oldest medical university of Vietnam located in Hanoi. Vietnam National University Hanoi ( Vietnamese language: Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội) is a University in Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam Hanoi University of Fine Arts is an Art school in Hanoi, Vietnam.

After the Communist Party took control over Hanoi in 1954 with support from the Soviet Union, many new universities were built, such as Hanoi University of Technology, Le Quy Don Technical University, University of Foreign Trade (Vietnam), and Water Resources University (Vietnam). Hanoi University of Technology - HUT (Đại học Bách khoa Hà Nội "Polytechnic University of Hanoi" founded 1956 is the first largest technical university Hanoi Le-Quy-Don Technical University { LeTech } ( Vietnamese: Đại học Kỹ thuật Lê Quý Đôn) founded 1966 is the one of largest technical universities Water Resources University ( Vietnamese language: Đại học Thủy lợi) is a university in Hanoi, Vietnam. Hanoi University of Technology remains the largest technical university in Vietnam.

Hanoi is the largest centre of education in Vietnam. It is estimated that 62 % of the scientists in the whole country are living and working in Hanoi. ^[8] Admissions to undergraduate study are through entrance examinations, which are conducted annually and open for everyone (who has successfully completed his/her secondary education) in the country. The majority of universities in Hanoi are public, although in recent years a number of private universities have started their operation. Thang Long university, founded in 1988, by some Vietnamese mathematics professors in Hanoi and France ^[9] is the first private university in Vietnam.

Because many of Vietnam's major universities are located in Hanoi, students from other provinces (especially in the northern part of the country) wishing to enter university often travel to Hanoi for the annual entrance examination. Such events often take place in June and July, during which a large number of students and their families converge on the city for several weeks around this intense examination period. In recent years, these entrance exams have been centrally coordinated by the Ministry of Education, but passing marks are decided independently by each university.

Pre-tertiary (elementary and secondary) schools in Hanoi mainly serve their local districts. Education is equivalent to the K–12 system in the US, with elementary school between grades 1 and 5, middle school (or junior high) between grades 6 and 9, and high school from grades 10 to 12. Primary education is the first stage of Compulsory education. Middle school or Junior High School serves as a "bridge" between the Elementary School and the High School High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution

Tourist Attractions

As the capital of Vietnam for almost a thousand years, Hanoi is considered to be the cultural centre of Vietnam, where every dynasty has left behind their imprint. The Hanoi Opera House (Nhà hát lớn Hà Nội is an Opera house in downtown Hanoi, Vietnam. Even though some relics have not survived through wars and time, the city still has many interesting cultural and historic monuments for visitors and residents alike. Historians liken the life-giving Red River with its banks crowded with green rice paddies and farms to the Tigris and Euphrates rivers; a cradle of civilization. Even when the nation's capital moved to Hue under the Nguyen dynasty in 1802, the city of Hanoi continued to flourish, especially after the French took control in 1888 and modeled the city's architecture to their tastes, lending an important aesthetic to the city's rich stylistic heritage. The city boasts more than 1,000 years of history, and that of the past few hundred years has been well preserved. ^[10]

Hanoi hosts more cultural sites than any city in Vietnam, including over 600 pagodas and temples. ^[11]

The Old Quarter, near Hoan Kiem lake, has the original street layout and architecture of old Hanoi. At the beginning of the 20th century the city consisted of only about 36 streets, most of which are now part of the old quarter. Each street then had merchants and households specialized in a particular trade, such as silk traders, jewellery, etc. The street names nowadays still reflect these specializations, although few of them remain exclusively in their original commerce. The area is famous for its small artisans and merchants, including many silk shops. Local cuisine specialties as well as several clubs and bars can be found here also. A night market (near Đồng Xuân market) in the heart of the district opens for business every Friday, Saturday, and Sunday evening with a variety of clothing, souvenirs and food.

Some others prominent places are: The Temple of Literature (Văn Miếu), site of the oldest university in Vietnam 1070; One Pillar Pagoda (Chùa Một Cột); Flag Tower of Hanoi (Cột cờ Hà Nội). Văn Miếu ( 文[[wikt 廟|廟]] or Temple of Literature, known as "pagode des Corbeaux" during the period of French colonisation is a Temple of Confucius The One Pillar Pagoda ( Vietnamese: Chùa Một Cột, formally Diên Hựu tự 延祐寺 or Liên Hoa Đài 蓮花臺 is a historic Buddhist The Flag Tower of Hanoi (Cột cờ Hà Nội is a Tower in Hanoi, Vietnam, which is one of the symbols of the city In 2004, a massive part of the 900 year old citadel was discovered in central Hanoi, near the site of Ba Dinh square. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Ba Dinh (Ba Đình is an urban district (''quận'' of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam. ^[12]

A city between the rivers, built from lowland, Hanoi has many scenic lakes and sometime is called "city of lakes". Among its lakes, the most famous are Hoan Kiem Lake, West Lake, Halais Lake (Hồ Thiền Quang) in Vietnamese), and Bay Mau Lake. Hoan Kiem Lake ( Vietnamese: Hồ Hoàn Kiếm, meaning "Lake of the Returned Sword" or "Lake of the Restored Sword", also West Lake ( Hồ Tây in Vietnamese is the largest Lake in the northwest center of Hanoi with a perimeter of 17 km Halair Lake is a Lake in Hanoi, Vietnam, located next to Nguyễn Du Street which used to be named "Rue Halais" under the French (1888-1945 West Lake (Hồ Tây) is a popular place for people to spend time. It is the largest lake in Hanoi and there are many temples in the area. There are small boats for hire and a floating restaurant.

Under French rule, as an administrative centre for the French colony of Indochina, the French colonial architecture style became donminant, many examples remain today: the tree-lined boulevards (e. g Phan Dinh Phung street), The Grand Opera House, The State Bank of Vietnam (formerly The Bank of Indochina), The Presidential Palace (formerly Place of The Governor-General of French Indochina), the cathédrale St-Joseph, and historic hotel Sofitel Metropole. The Hanoi Opera House (Nhà hát lớn Hà Nội is an Opera house in downtown Hanoi, Vietnam. Presidential Palace of Vietnam, located in the city of Hanoi, was built between 1900 and 1906 to house the French Governor-General of Indochina. Sofitel Metropole is a 5 star historic luxury hotel built in 1901 in the French colonial style

Museums

Hanoi is also home to a number of museums:

• National Museum of Vietnamese History
• Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts
• Vietnam Museum of Ethnology
• Vietnam Museum of Revolution
• Hanoi Hilton
• Ho Chi Minh Museum
• Contemporary Arts Centre

Hotels

There are some luxury hotels located in Hanoi, including: Sofitel Metropole and Hilton Hanoi Opera. The National Museum of Vietnamese History (Vietnamese Viện Bảo tàng Lịch sử Việt Nam) is located in the Hoan Kiem district of Hanoi, Vietnam The Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts is located in Hanoi, Vietnam. The Vietnam Museum of Ethnology (Bảo tàng Dân tộc học Việt Nam is The Vietnam Museum of Revolution is a Museum in Hanoi, Vietnam. The Hoa Lo Prison (Hỏa Lò later known to American prisoners of war as the "Hanoi Hilton", was a Prison used by the French colonists in Vietnam The Ho Chi Minh Museum is located in Hanoi, Vietnam. It is a museum dedicated to the late Vietnamese leader Ho Chi Minh and Vietnam's revolutionary The Contemporary Arts Centre is located in Hanoi, Vietnam. It showcases modern Vietnamese art Sofitel Metropole is a 5 star historic luxury hotel built in 1901 in the French colonial style Sofitel Metropole is a 5 star historic luxury hotel built in 1901 in the French colonial style The Hilton Hanoi Opera Hotel is a 269 room five star luxury hotel located in central Hanoi, Vietnam.

Sofitel Metropole is a historic hotel remaining from the French colonialism in Hanoi. The hotel was rewarded the second nicest hotel in Asia by Condé Nast Traveler Magazine thanks to its antiquated beauty (2007). Condé Nast Traveler is an American Magazine published by Condé Nast Publications, started in 1987 and specializing in luxury ^[13].

Entertainment

A variety of options for entertainment in Hanoi can be found throughout the city. Modern and traditional theaters, cinemas, karaoke bars, dance clubs, bowling alleys, and an abundance of opportunities for shopping provide leisure activity for both locals and tourists. With its rapid growth and extremely high population density, several modern shopping centers have been built in Hanoi. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume Metro Hanoi, Vincom City Towers, Big C Thang Long Supercenter, Me Linh Plaza Furniture Hypermarket, Pico Plaza Electronics Hypermarket, and Trang Tien Plaza have all established large crowds on a regular basis. Metro AG ( is a diversified Retail and Wholesale / cash and carry group based in Germany. In Commerce, a hypermarket is a superstore which combines a Supermarket and a Department store. Multiple supermarket chains have also proved successful in Hanoi, including Intimex, HaproMart, Fivimart and Marko.

Hanoi is home to no fewer than ten movie theaters, with more in development, most of which feature films in both Vietnamese and English with appropriate subtitles. Currently, Megastar Cineplex provides the only screens in town equipped with Dolby Digital sound^[14]. Dolby Digital is the marketing name for a series of lossy audio compression technologies developed by Dolby

Cuisine

Hanoi has rich food traditions and many of Vietnam's most famous dishes, such as phở, chả cá, bánh cuốn and cốm are thought to come from Hanoi. Bánh cuốn is a dish from northern Vietnam. It is a Crêpe -like roll made from a thin wide sheet of Rice flour filled with ground pork minced Thanh Tri' can refer to Thanh Tri Hanoi, a district in Hanoi Thanh Tri Soc Trang, a district in Soc Trang Province Phở (fɤ̂ in Vietnamese; in English written pho and typically) is a traditional Vietnamese Bánh cuốn is a dish from northern Vietnam. It is a Crêpe -like roll made from a thin wide sheet of Rice flour filled with ground pork minced Perhaps most widely known is Phở, a simple rice noodle soup often eaten as a breakfast dish in the home or at streetside cafes, but also served in restaurants as a meal. Two varieties dominate the Hanoi scene: Phở Bò, containing beef, and Phở Gà, containing chicken.

Population

Hanoi's population is constantly growing (about 3,5% per year ^[15]), a reflection of the fact that the city is both a major metropolitan area of Northern Vietnam, and also the country's political centre. This population growth also puts a lot of pressure onto the infrastructure, some of which is antiquated and dates back from the early 20th century. Infrastructure typically refers to the technical structures that support a society such as Roads Water supply, Wastewater, Power grids

The number of Hanoians who settled down for more than three generations is likely to be very small as compared to the overall population of the city. Even in the Old Quarter, where commerce started hundreds years ago and was mostly a family business, many of the street-front stores nowadays are owned by merchants and retailers from other provinces. The original owner family may have either rented out the store and moved to live further inside the house, or just moved out of the neighbourhood altogether. The pace of change has especially escalated after the abandonment of central-planing economic policies, and relaxing of the district-based household registrar system.

Transportation

Hanoi is served by Noi Bai International Airport, located in the Soc Son District, approximately 40 km (25 miles) north of Hanoi. Noi Bai International Airport (Cảng Hàng không Quốc tế Nội Bài the biggest airport in northern Vietnam, serves the capital city of Hanoi. Noi Bai is the only international airport for the northern regions of Vietnam. Direct daily flights are available to other cities in Vietnam, Asia, Australia, and Europe. The airport has recently been rebuilt with modern facilities.

There are two main highways linking the airport and city. The route to the city via Thang Long Bridge is more direct than Highway 1, which runs along the outskirts of the city. The main highways are shared by cars, motor scooters, with separate lanes by the side for bicycles. Taxis are plentiful and usually have trip meters, although it is also common to agree on the trip price before taking a taxi from airport to the city centre. Tourists also sometimes tour the city on cyclos especially in the Old Quarter. The cycle rickshaw, being a small-scale local means of transport is also known by a variety of other names such as rickshaw, pedicab, bugbug, cyclo

Hanoi is also the origin departure point for many train routes in the country. The Union Express (tàu Thống Nhất) runs from Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City from Hanoi station (formerly Hang Co station), with stops at cities and provinces along the line. Trains also depart Hanoi frequently for Hai Phong and other northern cities.

The main means of transport within the city are motorbikes, buses, taxis, and bicycles. Motorbikes remain the most common way to move around the city. Public buses run on many routes and fare can be purchased on the bus. For short trips, "xe ôm" (literally, "hug vehicle") motorcycle taxis are available where the passenger sits at the rear of a motorbike.

Economy

Hanoi has the highest Human Development Index among the cities in Vietnam. The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP Though representing only 3. 6 percent of the country's population and 0. 3 percent of the national territory, Hanoi contributes 15 percent to the national GDP and 45 percent of the Red River Delta's economy. There are also other rivers named Red River. The Red River, also known as the Hong - Red Song Cai, Song Ca

Industrial production in the city has experienced a rapid boom since the 1990s, with average annual growth of 19. 1 percent from 1991–95, 15. 9 percent from 1996–2000, and 20. 9 percent during 2001–2003. In addition to eight existing industrial parks, Hanoi is building five new large-scale industrial parks and 16 small- and medium-sized industrial clusters. The non-state economic sector is expanding fast, with more than 48,000 businesses currently operating under the Enterprise Law (as of 3/2007) ^[16].

Trade is another strong sector of the city. In 2003, Hanoi had 2,000 businesses engaged in foreign trade, having established ties with 161 countries and territories. The city's export value grew by an average 11. 6 percent each year from 1996–2000 and 9. 1 percent during 2001–2003. The economic structure also underwent important shifts, with tourism, finance, and banking now playing an increasingly important role. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel The field of finance refers to the concepts of Time, Money and Risk and how they are interrelated A banker or bank is a Financial institution whose primary activity is to act as a payment agent for customers and to borrow and lend money

Hanoi's business districts are traditionally Hoan Kiem and the neighborhood; and a newly developing Trung Hoa Nhan Chinh in the South Western. Hoan Kiem (Hoàn Kiếm) is an urban district (''quận'' of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam, named after the scenic Hoan Kiem Lake. Trung Hoà - Nhân Chính is an Urban area in South Western Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam.

Similar to Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi enjoys a rapidly-developing real estate market. Real estate is a legal term (in some jurisdictions notably in the USA, United Kingdom ^[17] The metropolis's economy growth does not seem correlative to its infrastructure. Overloading population requires a much larger supply of accommodations, while the constructing celerities of both transport system and new urban areas are too low^[18]. Not surprisingly, as an effect of this problem, the apartment and real estate fever occur severely during the time^[19]. More widespread, the fever even influences Ha Tay, the neighboring province, considered the future development space of the capital^[20]. Ha Tay ( Vietnamese: Hà Tây;; Hán Tự: 河[[wikt 西|西]] is a former Province of Vietnam, in the Red The current most notable new urban areas are central Trung Hoa Nhan Chinh, My Dinh, the luxurious zones of The Manor and Ciputra. Trung Hoà - Nhân Chính is an Urban area in South Western Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam.

Agriculture, previously a pillar in Hanoi's economy, has striven to reform itself, introducing new high-yield plant varieties and livestock, and applying modern farming techniques. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture

Together with economic growth, Hanoi's appearance has also changed significantly, especially in recent years. Infrastructure is constantly being upgraded, with new roads and an improved public transportation system. The rate of telephone users was 30 per 100 people in 2003. New urban areas are growing rapidly, with 1. 5 million square metres of housing constructed during 1996–2000 and 1. 3 million square metres built in 2003 alone.

Social services have been developed in both scale and quality. The public healthcare network has been strengthened, ensuring at least one doctor for each commune and ward. Thanks to these accomplishments, Hanoi has the highest development index in the country. Movements such as raising donations for poor people or promoting a "cultural lifestyle", have received support from local people and been maintained.

Sport Centers

There are several gymnasiums and stadiums throughout the city of Ha Noi. The biggest ones are My Dinh National Stadium (Le Duc Tho Boulevard), Quan Ngua Sporting Palace (Van Cao Avenue) and Underwater Sporting Palace. Mỹ Đình National Stadium is a stadium in My Dinh commune Tu Liem District Hanoi, Vietnam, has a capacity of 50000 seats and is the centerpiece of Vietnam's Lê Ðức Thọ ( ( October 14, 1911  &ndash October 13, 1990) was a Vietnamese Revolutionary, General Văn Cao (born on 1923 November 15 as Nguyễn Văn Cao /ŋʊiən˦˨˦ vɐn kaʊ/ in Haiphong, The others include Ha Noi stadium (as known as Hang Day stadium), Trinh Hoai Duc gymnasium, Gia Lam gymnasium, Cau Giay gymnasium, Hai Ba Trung gymnasium, Flag Pole stadium. . . It is decided that Asian Indoor Games will held at Hanoi in 2009. The Asian Indoor Games is a Multi-sport event held every two years among athletes representing countries from Asia.

Health care and other facilities

Some medical facilities in Hanoi:

• Bach Mai Hospital
• Viet Duc Hospital
• Saint Paul Hospital
• 108 Hospital
• L'Hôpital Français De Hanoï
• International SOS

Districts

Hà Nội is divided into five outer districts and nine inner districts. Bach Mai Hospital is a multi-field medical facility in Hanoi considered one of the largest in Vietnam. Viet Duc Hospital (aka Viet Duc University Hospital Bệnh viện Việt Đức literally "Vietnam - Germany Hospital" is the largest Surgical center of Vietnam Saint Paul Hospital is a large multi-field medical complex situated in the central part of Hanoi - the capital of Vietnam. The French Hospital of Hanoi (French L'Hôpital Français De Hanoï Vietnamese Bệnh Viện Việt Pháp formerly the Viet Nam International Hospital is a privatised hospital in International SOS provides medical assistance health-care security and risk management services to private organisations and governments

The inner districts include:

• Ba Đình (Three Temples) - political center, named after a destionation (there was a uprising) in Thanh Hoa. Ba Dinh (Ba Đình is an urban district (''quận'' of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam.
• Cầu Giấy (Paper Bridge) - in the past, there were many traditional papermaking workshops. Cau Giay (Cầu Giấy is an urban district (''quận'' of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam. Papermaking is the process of making Paper, a material which is used ubiquitously today for writing and packaging
• Đống Đa - named after a historic victory of Quang Trung again Qing Dynasty at this area. Dong Da (Đống Đa literally Banyan Heap is an urban district (''quận'' of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam. Nguyễn Huệ (also referred to as Quang Trung Hoàng Đế or Emperor Quang Trung, born in Bình Định in 1753 – died in Phú Xuân in Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China
• Hai Bà Trưng (Two First Ladies) - named after the two Vietnamese heroines Hai Ba Trung
• Hoàn Kiếm (Sword Recurrent)- downtown of Hanoi, named after the central lake - Hoan Kiem Lake
• Hoàng Mai (Yellow Ume) - where there were many ume/apricot trees. Hai Ba Trung Hanoi (Hai Bà Trưng is the most populous (est 378000 urban district (''quận'' of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam. Hoan Kiem (Hoàn Kiếm) is an urban district (''quận'' of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam, named after the scenic Hoan Kiem Lake. Hoan Kiem Lake ( Vietnamese: Hồ Hoàn Kiếm, meaning "Lake of the Returned Sword" or "Lake of the Restored Sword", also Hoang Mai (Hoàng Mai is an urban district (''quận'' of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam.
• Long Biên (Dragon Fin) - across the Red River, named after the position as the traditional outskirt of Hanoi. Long Bien (Long Biên is an urban district (''quận'' of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam.
• Tây Hồ (West Lake) - named after the largest lake - West Lake (Hanoi). Tay Ho (Tây Hồ is an urban district (''quận'' of Hanoi the capital city of Vietnam, named after the West Lake nearby West Lake ( Hồ Tây in Vietnamese is the largest Lake in the northwest center of Hanoi with a perimeter of 17 km
• Thanh Xuân (literally Green Spring, i. Thanh Xuan (Thanh Xuân is an urban district (''quận'' of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam. e. Youth) - Industrial, labor district, a propaganda name from the past.

The outer districts include:

• Đông Anh
• Gia Lâm
• Sóc Sơn (Sóc Mountain)
• Thanh Trì (Green Ponds)- the lowest part of Hanoi, where there are many ponds. Dong Anh (Đông Anh is a district (''huyện'' of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam. Gia Lam (Gia Lâm is a district (''huyện'' of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam. Soc Son (Sóc Sơn is a district (''huyện'' of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam. Thanh Tri' can refer to Thanh Tri Hanoi, a district in Hanoi Thanh Tri Soc Trang, a district in Soc Trang Province
• Từ Liêm

Sister cities

• Beijing (People's Republic of China)
• Ankara (Turkey)
• Warsaw (Poland)
• Bangkok, Thailand

Photos of Hanoi

The Temple of Literature	The Temple of Literature, steles with names of those successful at the imperial exams	The Temple of Literature, main hall	The Temple of Literature
One Pillar Pagoda	Presidential Palace, Hanoi (formerly Place of The Governor-General of French Indochina)	Vietnam National Convention Center on Pham Hung Boulevard	Hanoi Opera House
State Guest House	Flag Tower of Hanoi	Tran Quoc pagoda	The cathedral St-Joseph
Statue of Ly Thai To, founder of Hanoi	Hoan Kiem Lake	The Huc bridge and Hoan Kiem lake. Tu Liem (Từ Liêm is a district (''huyện'' of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after İstanbul. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Bangkok, known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (krūŋtʰêːp máhǎːnákʰɔn) or Krung Thep ( for short is the Capital, largest The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Văn Miếu ( 文[[wikt 廟|廟]] or Temple of Literature, known as "pagode des Corbeaux" during the period of French colonisation is a Temple of Confucius Văn Miếu ( 文[[wikt 廟|廟]] or Temple of Literature, known as "pagode des Corbeaux" during the period of French colonisation is a Temple of Confucius Văn Miếu ( 文[[wikt 廟|廟]] or Temple of Literature, known as "pagode des Corbeaux" during the period of French colonisation is a Temple of Confucius Văn Miếu ( 文[[wikt 廟|廟]] or Temple of Literature, known as "pagode des Corbeaux" during the period of French colonisation is a Temple of Confucius Presidential Palace of Vietnam, located in the city of Hanoi, was built between 1900 and 1906 to house the French Governor-General of Indochina. The Vietnam National Convention Center is a Convention center in the city of Hanoi, Vietnam. Phạm Hùng ( June 11, 1912 – March 10, 1988) was the Prime Minister of Vietnam from 1987 to 1988 The Hanoi Opera House (Nhà hát lớn Hà Nội is an Opera house in downtown Hanoi, Vietnam. The Flag Tower of Hanoi (Cột cờ Hà Nội is a Tower in Hanoi, Vietnam, which is one of the symbols of the city Lý Thái Tổ ( Hán tự: 李[[wikt 太|太]] 祖, birth name Lý Công Uẩn 李[[wikt 公|公]] ruled Vietnam as emperor for 19 years Hoan Kiem Lake ( Vietnamese: Hồ Hoàn Kiếm, meaning "Lake of the Returned Sword" or "Lake of the Restored Sword", also This content has an uncertain copyright status and is pending deletion. You can comment on its removal.	The Old Quarter This content has an uncertain copyright status and is pending deletion. You can comment on its removal.
Phan Dinh Phung street	National Museum of Fine Art	National Museum of History	Hanoi tower (built on the land of the prison Hanoi Hilton)
West Lake	Trang Tien street, former rue Paul-Bert	A busy street	Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum
Park of Reunification (former Lenin park)	Selling lotus flowers in the street	A French colonial-style house	Old street—A photo of a painting by Bui Xuan Phai—a famous Vietnamese painter This content has an uncertain copyright status and is pending deletion. The Hoa Lo Prison (Hỏa Lò later known to American prisoners of war as the "Hanoi Hilton", was a Prison used by the French colonists in Vietnam West Lake ( Hồ Tây in Vietnamese is the largest Lake in the northwest center of Hanoi with a perimeter of 17 km The Hồ Chí Minh Mausoleum (Lăng Hồ Chí Minh is a large Memorial to the Vietnamese leader Nelumbo nucifera is known by a number of common names including Indian lotus, sacred lotus, bean of India, and sacred water-lily Bui Xuan Phai (1920-1988 was a Vietnamese painter. He is famous for the paintings of Hanoi Old Quarter. You can comment on its removal.

Literature

• Boudarel, Georges (2002). Hanoi: City Of The Rising Dragon. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. , 208 pages. ISBN 0-7425-1655-5.  
• Logan, William S. (2001). Hanoi: Biography of a City. University of Washington Press, 304 pages. ISBN 0-295-98014-1.  

References

External links

• Official Site of Hanoi Government
• An article in New York Times about Hanoi
• NewHanoian.com - Community information with user-created content, interactive maps, and reviews
• Hanoi travel guide from Wikitravel

See also

• Capitals of Vietnam

Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide. This is a list of capitals of Vietnam in history

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