Citizendia

Hangzhou
—  Sub-provincial city  —
Chinese transliteration(s)
 - Chinese 杭州
 - Pinyin Hángzhōu
Hangzhou Skyline with Yellow Dragon Stadium
Hangzhou Skyline with Yellow Dragon Stadium
Hangzhou in Zhejiang
Hangzhou in Zhejiang
Hangzhou (China)
Hangzhou
Hangzhou
Location in China
Coordinates: 30°15′N 120°10′E / 30.25, 120.167
Country China
Province Zhejiang
Government
 - CPC Secretary Wang Guoping (王国平)
 - Mayor Cai Qi (蔡奇)
Area
 - Sub-provincial city 16,847 km² (6,504. A sub-provincial city ( Chinese: 副省级城市 (or deputy-provincial city in the People's Republic of China, is a Prefecture-level city A Chinese character, also known as a Han character ( is a Logogram used in writing Chinese (hanzi Japanese ( A Chinese character, also known as a Han character ( is a Logogram used in writing Chinese (hanzi Japanese ( Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Zhejiang Yellow Dragon Sports Center or Zhejiang Huanglong Sports Center ( Simplified Chinese: 杭州黄龙体育中心 is a sports complex also used for cultural Zhejiang ( is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES A province, in the context of China, is a translation of sheng ( which is an administrative division Zhejiang ( is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. A sub-provincial city ( Chinese: 副省级城市 (or deputy-provincial city in the People's Republic of China, is a Prefecture-level city Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 7 sq mi)
Population
 - Sub-provincial city 6,400,000
 - Density 379. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. A sub-provincial city ( Chinese: 副省级城市 (or deputy-provincial city in the People's Republic of China, is a Prefecture-level city Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 9/km² (983. 9/sq mi)
 - Urban 3,931,900
Time zone China Standard (UTC+8)
Postal code 310000
GDP ¥410. China standard time or Beijing time is the Time zone observed in the People's Republic of China ( PRC) UTC+8 is a band of Timezones separated from the Greenwich Mean Time by 8 hours The Postal code for the People's Republic of China uses a numeric six-digit System for the whole country 4 billion (2007)
GDP per capita ¥ 61,313 (2007)
License Plate Prefix 浙A
City Flower Sweet Osmanthus
City Tree Camphor laurel
(Cinnamomum camphora)
Website: http://www.hangzhou.gov.cn/

Hangzhou (help·info) (Chinese: 杭州; pinyin: Hángzhōu; Postal map spelling: Hangchow) is a sub-provincial city located in the Yangtze River Delta in the People's Republic of China, and the capital of Zhejiang province. The People's Republic of China issues vehicles Licence plates at its Vehicle Management Offices under the administration of the Ministry of Public Security Osmanthus fragrans ( Sweet Osmanthus; Chinese: 木樨 mùxī; Japanese: 金木犀 kinmokusei; also known Cinnamomum camphora (commonly known as Camphor tree, Camphorwood or camphor laurel) is a large Evergreen Tree that Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Chinese Postal Map Romanization ( Traditional Chinese: 郵政式拼音 Simplified Chinese: 邮政式拼音 Pinyin: Yóuzhèngshì Pīnyīn refers to the A sub-provincial city ( Chinese: 副省级城市 (or deputy-provincial city in the People's Republic of China, is a Prefecture-level city The Yangtze River Delta or Yangtze Delta, also called Chang Jiang Delta, or the Golden Triangle of the Yangtze ( Hanyu Pinyin:) generally Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Zhejiang ( is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. A province, in the context of China, is a translation of sheng ( which is an administrative division Located 180 kilometres (112 mi) southwest of Shanghai, as of 2004 the entire Hangzhou Region ("shì", 杭州市) or Prefecture-level city had a registered population of 6. Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million A prefecture-level city ( or prefecture-level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and 5 million people. [1] The urban agglomeration of the Hangzhou metropolitan area (杭州市区) has a resident population of 3,931,900 as of 2003, of which 2,636,700 are legal residents, of which there are 1,910,000 residents in the urban core six districts. In the study of human settlements an agglomeration is an extended City or Town area comprising the built-up area of a central place ( usually a Municipality

As one of the most renowned and prosperous cities of China for much of the last 1,000 years, Hangzhou is also well-known for its beautiful natural scenery, with the West Lake (Xī Hú, 西湖) as the most noteworthy location.

Contents

Divisions

Hangzhou Region or prefecture-level city contains the Hangzhou metropolitan area (eight districts), 3 metropolitan counties, and 2 ordinary counties. The central six urban districts occupy 682 km² (263. 4 mi²) and have 1,910,000 people. The two suburban districts occupy 2,642 km² (1020 mi²) and have 1,950,000 people.

History

Early history

The celebrated Neolithic culture of Hemudu has been discovered to have inhabited in Yuyao, an area (now a city) a hundred kilometers east of the City of Hangzhou, as far back as seven thousand years ago, when rice was first cultivated in southeastern China. Gongshu District ( Chinese: 拱墅区 Pinyin: Gǒngshù Qū is a district of Hangzhou, China. Shangcheng District ( Chinese: 上城区 Pinyin: Shàngchéng Qū is an administrative district in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province of China Xiacheng District ( Chinese: 下城区 Pinyin: Xiàchéng Qū is an administrative district in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province of China Xihu District ( Chinese: 西湖区 Pinyin: Xīhú Qūis a district in Hangzhou, China, near West Lake Yuhang District ( Chinese: 余杭区 Pinyin: Yúháng Qū is a district of the Zhejiang province China, under the jurisdiction of Xiaoshan District ( Chinese: 萧山区 Pinyin: Xiāoshān Qū a district of the city of Hangzhou, located in Zhejiang province in China Lin'an City ( Chinese: 临安市 Pinyin: Lín'ān Shì is a county-level city in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province of China. Fuyang ( Chinese 富阳 Pinyin fù yáng a County-level city under jurisdiction of Hangzhou, the provincial capital of Zhejiang Chun'an County ( Chinese: 淳安县 Pinyin: Chún'ān Xiàn is a county under charge of Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province of China The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos The Hemudu culture (河姆渡文化 (5000 BC to 4500 BC was a Neolithic culture that flourished just south of the Hangzhou Bay in Jiangnan in modern Yuyao ( Simplified Chinese: 余姚 Pinyin: Yúyáo is a city in Zhejiang province China, capital of Yuyao County Ningbo Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many

The city of Hangzhou was founded about 2,200 years ago during the Qin Dynasty, it is listed as one of the Seven Ancient Capitals of China, but the city wall was not constructed until the Sui Dynasty (591). Not to be confused with the Qing Dynasty, the last dynasty of China The Chinese phrase Four Great Ancient Capitals of China ( traditionally refers to Beijing, Nanjing, Luoyang, and Chang'an ( Xi'an Chinese city walls ( refer to civic defensive systems used to protect towns and Cities in China in pre-modern times The Sui Dynasty ( 581 - 618 AD and in the undertaking of other construction projects including the reconstruction of the Great Wall. Events By Place Europe Agilulf marries Theodelinda and becomes king of the Lombards.

It was the capital of the Wuyue Kingdom from 907 to 978 during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. Kingdom of Wuyue ( Traditional Chinese: 吳越國 Simplified Chinese: 吴越国 Pinyin Wúyuè Guó 907 - 978, was a small independent Events By Place Asia Oleg leads the Kievan Rus' in a campaign against Constantinople (see Rus'-Byzantine Events By Place Europe Badìa Fiorentina, an abbey in Florence, Italy, is founded by Willa Margravine of Tuscany Named Xifu at the time, it was one of the three great centers of culture in southern China during the tenth century, along with Nanjing and Chengdu. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National ( Chinese: 南京 Romanizations Nánjīng ( Pinyin) Nan-ching ( Wade-Giles ( located in southwest People's Republic of China, is the capital of Sichuan province and a Sub-provincial city. Leaders of Wuyue were noted patrons of the arts, and especially of Buddhism and associated temple architecture and artwork. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices It also became a cosmopolitan center, drawing scholars from throughout China and conducting diplomacy not only with neighboring Chinese states, but also with Japan, Korea, and the Khitan Liao Dynasty. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. The Liao Dynasty ( 907 - 1125, also known as the Khitan Empire (契丹國 was an empire in northern China that ruled over the regions of Manchuria

In 1089, Su Shi constructed a 2. Su Shi ( 1037–1101 was a writer, poet, Artist, calligrapher, Pharmacologist, and Statesman of the Song Dynasty 8 km long dike across the West Lake, which Qing Emperor Qianlong considered particularly attractive in the early morning of the spring time. Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China Emperor Qianlong (Chinese 乾隆 Qiánlóng, Wade-Giles' Ch'ien-Lung', Mongolian Tengeriig Tetgesen Khaan, born Hongli (弘历 September The lake was once a lagoon tens of thousands of years ago. Silt then blocked the way to the sea and the lake was formed. A drill in the lake-bed in 1975 found the sediment of the sea, which confirmed its origin. Artificial preservation prevented the lake from evolving into a marshland. The Su Dike built by Su Shi, and the Bai Dike built by Bai Juyi, a famous Tang Dynasty poet who was once the governor of Hangzhou, are both built out of mud cleaned from the bottom of the lake. Su Shi ( 1037–1101 was a writer, poet, Artist, calligrapher, Pharmacologist, and Statesman of the Song Dynasty Life Bai Juyi was born in Xinzheng to a poor but scholarly family The lake is surrounded by hills on the northern and western sides. The Baochu Pagoda sits on the Baoshi Hill to the north of the lake. Baochu Pagoda ( is a pagoda in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province China.

Southern Song

The Liuhe Pagoda of Hangzhou, built in 1165 during the Song Dynasty.
The Liuhe Pagoda of Hangzhou, built in 1165 during the Song Dynasty. Liuhe Pagoda ( literally Six Harmonies Pagoda or Six Harmonies Tower, is multi-storied Chinese Pagoda in southern Hangzhou, Zhejiang The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms

Hangzhou was chosen as the new capital of the Southern Song Dynasty when they regrouped after their defeat at the hands of the Jin in 1123. The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms This is an article for the Jurchen Jin Dynasty (1115–1234 For other Chinese dynasties whose names are also rendered "Jin" in Pinyin, see Jin Dynasty [2] It remained the capital from the early 12th century until the Mongol invasion of 1276, and was known as Lin'an (臨安). The Mongol Empire ( Mongolyn Ezent Güren or mn Их Mонгол улс Ikh Mongol Uls; 1206–1368 was the largest contiguous Empire It served as the seat of the imperial government, a center of trade and entertainment, and the nexus of the main branches of the civil service. See also Bureaucrat The term civil service has two distinct meanings Branch of governmental service in which individuals are hired on the basis During that time, the city was a sort of gravitational center of Chinese civilization: what used to be considered "central China" in the north was taken by the Jin, an ethnic minority dynasty ruled by Jurchens. This is an article for the Jurchen Jin Dynasty (1115–1234 For other Chinese dynasties whose names are also rendered "Jin" in Pinyin, see Jin Dynasty The Jurchens ( were a Tungus people who inhabited the region of Manchuria ( Northeast China) until the 17th century when they adopted the name Manchu

Numerous philosophers, politicians, and men of literature, including some of the most celebrated poets in Chinese history such as Su Shi (苏轼), Lu You (陆游), and Xin Qiji (辛弃疾) came here to live and die. Su Shi ( 1037–1101 was a writer, poet, Artist, calligrapher, Pharmacologist, and Statesman of the Song Dynasty Career Early career Lu You came from a family in which there were some government officials See also List of Chinese authors Zh-classical辛棄疾 Hangzhou is also the birthplace and final resting place of the famed scientist Shen Kuo (1031-1095 AD), his tomb being located in the Yuhang district. Shen Kuo or Shen Kua ( (1031&ndash1095 style name Cunzhong and pseudonym Mengqi Weng, was a Polymathic Chinese Yuhang District ( Chinese: 余杭区 Pinyin: Yúháng Qū is a district of the Zhejiang province China, under the jurisdiction of

During the Southern Song Dynasty, commercial expansion, an influx of refugees from the conquered north, and the growth of the official and military establishments, led to a corresponding population increase and the city developed well outside its 9th century ramparts. According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, Hangzhou had a population of over 2 million at that time, while historian Jacques Gernet has estimated that the population of Hangzhou numbered well over one million by 1276. The Encyclopædia Britannica is a general English-language encyclopaedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica Inc (Official Chinese census figures from the year 1270 listed some 186,330 families in residence and probably failed to count non-residents and soldiers. ) It is believed that Hangzhou was the largest city in the world from 1180 to 1315 and from 1348 to 1358. [3]

Lakeside Buildings on the West Lake.
Lakeside Buildings on the West Lake.

Because of the large population and densely-crowded (often multi-story) wooden buildings, Hangzhou was particularly vulnerable to fires. Major conflagrations destroyed large sections of the city in 1132, 1137, 1208, 1229, 1237, and 1275 while smaller fires occurred nearly every year. The 1237 fire alone was recorded to have destroyed 30,000 dwellings. To combat this threat, the government established an elaborate system for fighting fires, erected watchtowers, devised a system of lantern and flag signals to identify the source of the flames and direct the response, and charged more than 3,000 soldiers with the task of putting out fires.

The city of Hangzhou was besieged and captured by the advancing Mongol armies of Kublai Khan in 1276, three years before the final collapse of the empire. Early years Kublai Khan studied Chinese culture and became enamoured of it [4] The capital of the new Yuan Dynasty was established in the city of Khanbaliq (Beijing). The Yuan Dynasty ( Pinyin: Yuáncháo Dai Ön Ulus (Дай Юан Улс was a ruling Dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai Khanbaliq or Cambuluc / Cambaluc, also Kaan-baligh ("Great residence of the Khan " is the ancient Mongol name for the city

The Venetian Marco Polo visited Hangzhou in the late 13th century and referred to the city as "beyond dispute the finest and the noblest in the world. Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the Marco Polo ( September 15 1254 – January 9 1324 at earliest but no later than June 1325 was a Venetian trader and explorer " He called the city Kinsay which simply means "capital" in Chinese (actually Polo used a Persianized version of the word). Although he exaggerated that the city was over one hundred miles in diameter and had 12,000 stone bridges, he still presented elegant prose about the country: "The number and wealth of the merchants, and the amount of goods that passed through their hands, was so enormous that no man could form a just estimate thereof. "

The renowned 13th century Moroccan explorer Ibn Battuta said it was "the biggest city I have ever seen on the face of the earth. Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Abdullah Al Lawati Al Tanji Ibn Battuta (أبو عبد الله محمد ابن عبد الله اللواتي الطنجي بن بطوطة (born February "

Buddhist carvings in Feilai Feng Caves in Lingyin Temple.
Buddhist carvings in Feilai Feng Caves in Lingyin Temple. Lingyin Temple ( is a Buddhist temple of the Chan sect located north-west of Hangzhou, Zhejiang province China.

Ming and after

The city remained an important port until the middle of the Ming Dynasty era when its harbor slowly silted up. The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led Silt is Soil or rock derived Granular material of a Grain size between sand and clay

As late as the latter part of the 16th and early 17th centuries, the city was an important center of Chinese Jewry, and may have been the original home of the more well-known Kaifeng Jewish community. Jews and Judaism in China' have had a long history Jewish settlers are documented in China as early as the 7th or 8th century CE, but may The Kaifeng Jews are members of a small Jewish community that has existed in Kaifeng, in the Henan province of China, for hundreds of years

Hangzhou was ruled by Republic of China government under the Kuomintang from 1928 to 1949. REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES On May 3, 1949, the People's Liberation Army entered Hangzhou and the city came under Communist control. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The People's Liberation Army ( PLA) ( is the unified Military organization of all land sea and air forces of the People's Republic of China. After Deng Xiaoping's reformist policies began in 1978, Hangzhou took advantage of being situated in the Yangtze River Delta to bolster its development. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) The Yangtze River Delta or Yangtze Delta, also called Chang Jiang Delta, or the Golden Triangle of the Yangtze ( Hanyu Pinyin:) generally It is now one of China's most prosperous major cities.

Geography and climate

Hangzhou is located in northern Zhejiang province, eastern China, at the southern end of the Grand Canal of China, on the plain of the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River (Cháng Jiāng). The Grand Canal of China ( also known as the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal ( is the longest ancient Canal or artificial River in the world The prefecture-level region of Hangzhou extends west to the border with the hilly-country Anhui Province, and east to the flat-land near Hangzhou Bay. Hangzhou Bay or the Bay of Hangzhou is an inlet of the East China Sea, bordered by the province of Zhejiang and the municipality of Shanghai. The city center is built around the eastern and northern sides of the West Lake, just north of the Qiantang River. The Qiantang River ( also known as the Qian River is a southeast Chinese River that originates in the borders of Anhui and Jiangxi provinces

Hangzhou's climate is Humid Subtropical with four distinctive seasons. Humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa or Cwa) is a climate zone characterized by hot humid summers and chilly to mild winters The average annual temperature in Hangzhou is 16. 2°C (61. 2°F). The summers are hot and humid, while winters are relatively cool and dry. In July, the hottest month, the average temperature is approximately 33. Events in July The traditional period known as "fence month" (the closed season for deer in England ended July 9 (date varied 8°C (92. 8°F); in January the average temperature is about 3. 6°C (38. 5°F). Hangzhou receives an average annual rainfall of 1450 mm. In mid-summer, Hangzhou, along with other cities in Zhejiang province, suffer typhoon storms, but typhoons seldom strike it directly. Zhejiang ( is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. Generally they make land along the southern coast of Zhejiang, and affect Hangzhou with strong winds and stormy rains. [5]


Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Avg high °C 8 10 14 20 26 29 33 32 28 23 17 11
Avg low temperature °C 2 3 7 12 17 22 25 25 21 15 9 4
Source: MSN Weather

Tourism

Hangzhou is renowned for its historic relics and natural beauty. It has been ranked as one of the ten most scenic cities in China. [6] Although Hangzhou has been through many recent urban developments, it still retains its historical and cultural heritage. Today, tourism remains an important factor for Hangzhou's economy. Tourism in China has greatly expanded over the last few decades [7] One of Hangzhou's most popular sights is West Lake. The lake covers an area of 6 square kilometres and includes some of Hangzhou's most famous historic and scenic places. The area includes historical pagodas, cultural sites, as well as the natural beauty of the lake and hills. [8]

The world's largest tidal bore races up the Qiantang River through Hangzhou reaching up to 40 ft in height. A tidal bore (or just bore, or eagre) is a tidal phenomenon in which the leading edge of the incoming tide forms a wave (or waves of water that travel The Qiantang River ( also known as the Qian River is a southeast Chinese River that originates in the borders of Anhui and Jiangxi provinces

Luohan Tang (Arhat Hall) at Hupaoquan in Hangzhou, China
Luohan Tang (Arhat Hall) at Hupaoquan in Hangzhou, China

Economy

Tea plantation in Hangzhou.
Tea plantation in Hangzhou. Xixi National Wetland Park is a Wetland park located in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province China. Hangzhou Botanical Garden ( Traditional Chinese: 杭州植物園 Simplified Chinese: 杭州植物园 is a large public Botanical garden located in Dreaming of the Tiger Spring ( is a spring and scenic as well as historic location in southwestern Hangzhou, Zhejiang province China. Hangzhou Zoo ( is a Zoo in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province China. Leifeng Pagoda ( is currently a five story tall tower which has eight sides and is located on Sunset Hill along the south route of the West Lake in Hangzhou which

Hangzhou's industries have traditionally been textile, silk and machinery, but electronics and other light industries are developing, especially since the start of the new open economy in 1992. A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. Silk is a natural Protein Fiber, some forms of which can be woven into Textiles The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons A machine is any device that uses Energy to perform some activity Electronics refers to the flow of charge (moving Electrons through Nonmetal conductors (mainly Semiconductors, whereas electrical For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar)

Toshiba has its only overseas production plant for laptop computers here. ( is a multinational conglomerate manufacturing company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan.

Wahaha, the nation's largest beverage company is headquartered in the city. This article refers to the Sino-French joint venture For the Chinese holding company please see Hangzhou Wahaha Group The Wahaha Joint Venture

Alibaba, is an e-commerce/e-auction company based in the city. Alibaba ( ( is a Hangzhou -based e-commerce / e-auction company specializing in global trading

Longjing tea is produced on the outskirts of town at Longjing (龙井) or Dragon Well. Longjing tea ( or Dragonwell is a famous variety of Green tea from Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province China where it is produced mostly by hand and It is among the only remaining places where tea is still baked by hand and is said to produce one of the finest green teas in all of China, earning a spot in the China Famous Tea list. Green tea is a type of Tea made solely with the leaves of Camellia sinensis, that has undergone minimal Oxidation during processing China's Famous Teas ( 中[[wiktionary 国|国]] 名[[wiktionary 茶|茶]] or The Ten Great Chinese Teas ( 中[[wiktionary 国|国]] 十[[wiktionary

The GDP per capita was ¥61,313 (ca. US$8,063), ranked no. This list hopes to rank cities of the People's Republic of China by GDP Per capita in Renminbi ( 人[[wikt 民|民]] 币) aka yuan 8 among 659 Chinese cities.

The 2005 overall rank of Hangzhou among all the Chinese cities is No. 5. In 2004, 2005, 2006 Forbes magazine ranked Hangzhou the number 1 city in China for business. Forbes is an American Publishing and media company Its flagship publication Forbes magazine is published bi-weekly [9]

Culture

The native residents of Hangzhou, like those of Zhejiang and southern Jiangsu, speak a Wu dialect. Zhejiang ( is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. ( Postal map spelling: Kiangsu) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country However, the Wu dialect varies throughout the area where it is spoken, hence, Hangzhou's dialect differs from regions in southern Zhejiang and southern Jiangsu. ( Postal map spelling: Kiangsu) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country In addition, Putonghua (Mandarin) is also spoken. Standard Mandarin, also known as Standard Spoken Chinese, is the official modern Chinese spoken language used in mainland China and Taiwan

Tea is an important part of Hangzhou's economy and culture. Hangzhou is best known for originating Longjing, a famous variety of green tea. Longjing tea ( or Dragonwell is a famous variety of Green tea from Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province China where it is produced mostly by hand and Green tea is a type of Tea made solely with the leaves of Camellia sinensis, that has undergone minimal Oxidation during processing Furthermore, there are many types of Longjing tea, the most famous being Xi Hu Long Jing. Known as the best type of Long Jing tea, Xi Hu Long Jing is grown near Xi Hu in Hangzhou, hence its name. [10]

Further, Hangzhou is known for its artistic creations, such as silk, umbrellas, and Chinese hand-held folding fans. Silk is a natural Protein Fiber, some forms of which can be woven into Textiles The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons "Parasol" redirects here For other uses see Umbrella (disambiguation, Umbrella (song or Parasol (disambiguation A hand-held fan is an implement used to induce an airflow for the purpose of cooling or refreshing oneself

Transportation

Bars and Shops alongside the street of Hangzhou.
Bars and Shops alongside the street of Hangzhou.

Hangzhou is serviced by the Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport, which has direct flights to Japan, Thailand, Korea, and Singapore, regional routes to Hong Kong and Macau, as well as numerous domestic routes. Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport ( is the principal airport serving Hangzhou, a major city in the Yangtze River Delta region and the provincial capital For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. Singapore Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Macau topics. Located just outside of the city in the Xiaoshan district, it is one of the major secondary international airports in China. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES A convenient route to Hangzhou for foreign visitors is to first fly into Shanghai's Pudong airport, and then take bus to Hangzhou using the Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo Expressway (沪杭甬高速公路). Driving time from the airport to Shanghai is about 2. 5 hrs (about 85 RMB one way), Suzhou is about 1. 5 hrs, Wuxi is about 2 hrs, Ningbo is about 1. 5 hrs and Wenzhou is about 3. 5 hrs.

Airport buses leave for Wulin Men (downtown Hangzhou) (15 RMB one way) and Xiaoshan (also 15 RMB one way) every 15-30 minutes. There are also airport buses to prefectures further away near Hangzhou such as Yiwu (30 RMB one way).

Hangzhou Railway Station (colloquially the "City Station" 城站) and the significantly less modern Hangzhou East Railway Station (colloquially "East Station" 东站) serve the city centre, from which one can catch a train to Shanghai and almost anywhere in China. Hangzhou Railway Station ( Chinese 杭州火车站 or 城站 is located in Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province of China There are many trains going to or passing Hangzhou from Shanghai. Since 2006, it only takes 1h18 from Shanghai South Railway Station to Hangzhou, and costs around 50 RMB.

Trains leaving Hangzhou reach more than 20 cities directly, including Beijing (北京) (1650 km), Shanghai (上海) (200 km), and Xi'an (西安) (1550 km).

Train tickets can be purchased at the Wulinmen Ticket Office (No. 199, Wulin Road) or Huansha Road Ticket Office (No. 147, Huansha Road).

A Shanghai-Hangzhou Maglev Train Line has been proposed. Shanghai-Hangzhou Maglev Train is a proposed maglev train line from Shanghai to Hangzhou, to be built by Germany 's Transrapid consortium North, east, south and west long-distance bus stations offer regular large and small coach services to towns within Zhejiang province and surrounding provinces.

Transrapid has now been contracted to construct an extension of the existing Long Yang Road - Pudong International Airport Maglev line. Transrapid is a German high-speed monorail train using magnetic levitation. Shanghai Maglev Train (Shanghai Transrapid) ( is the first commercial high-speed maglev line in the world This would be the first inter-city maglev line in the world; it is now undergoing environmental assessment.

Public transport within Hangzhou city is primarily in the form of an extensive public (trolley) bus network. As the city area is so flat, bicycles were traditionally very popular and are still popular with the less well-off residents, though many now use electric bicycles and scooter (Motor cycle)s. The bicycle, cycle, or bike is a pedal-driven, human-powered vehicle with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind Taxis are also very common. A taxicab, also taxi or cab, is a type of Public transport for a single passenger or small group of passengers typically for a non-shared ride With its line of the newest Hyundai Elantras and Volkswagen Passats, and tight regulations (compulsory A/C, handicap service, lake-blue appearance etc. The Hyundai Elantra (sold in South Korea as the Avante) is a Compact car from Hyundai of South Korea launched in 1991 The Volkswagen Passat is a Family car built by Volkswagen through six design generations since 1973 ), the city's taxi service is rated amongst the top in the country. The construction of a subway system had long been planned, and recently received approval from the central government. Hangzhou Metro ( Chinese: 杭州地铁 is a metro system currently under construction to serve the city of Hangzhou, Zhejiang and its suburbs The completion of the first two lines is expected in 2010.

Colleges and universities

See also List of universities in the People's Republic of China

National

Public

Private

Note: Institutions without full-time bachelor programs are not listed. This article is a list of Universities in the People's Republic of China by province (22 autonomous region (5 municipality (4 Zhejiang University ( ZJU;) sometimes referred to as Zheda, is a national university in China. China Academy of Art is the highest university of art in China. Zhejiang University of Technology ( Chinese: 浙江工业大学 Pinyin: Zhèjiāng Gōngyè Dàxúe is a university which is located in city Hangzhou, Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Zhejiang Gongshang University ( ZJGSU Chinese 浙江工商大学) is a public higher educational institution focuses on the fields of business and technology A Brief Introduction Hangzhou Dianzi University was founded in 1956 as the second public university in Zhejiang Province and renamed in 2004(former Hanghzou Institute of Electrical

Chinese sayings

A typical Chinese garden's window decoration in Hangzhou
A typical Chinese garden's window decoration in Hangzhou
"Be born in Suzhou, live in Hangzhou, eat in Guangzhou, die in Liuzhou. Suzhou ( ancient name 吳) is a City on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and on the shores of Lake Taihu in the province of Jiangsu Guangzhou ( Jyutping: Gwong²zau¹; Yale: Gwóngjàu) is the Capital and a Sub-provincial city Liuzhou ( is a Prefecture-level city in north-central Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southern China. " (生在苏州, 活在杭州, 吃在广州, 死在柳州)
"Above is Heaven, Below are Suzhou and Hangzhou. " (上有天堂，下有苏杭)

Sister cities

See also

References

Cited references

  1. ^ [1] Hangzhou Statistics 0nline, Hangzhou Municipality. formerly known as Irumagawa, is a city located in Saitama, Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Geography The three main access roads leading to Baguio from the lowlands are Kennon Road, Marcos Highway The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. Leeds ( is located on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable is a city ( Special city) located in the Hokuriku region within the Chūbu region of Japan which is on Honshū Island. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Yeosu ( Yeosu-si) is a city in South Jeolla Province South Korea. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Nice (nis Niçard Occitan: Niça norm or Nissa, Italian: Nizza or Nizza Marittima, Greek This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. Paramaribo (nickname Par′bo) is the Capital and largest City of Suriname, located on banks of the Suriname River in the Suriname ( Dutch: Suriname; Sranan Tongo: Sranan) officially the Republic of Suriname (traditionally spelled Surinam by Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Budapest ( also /ˈbʊ-/) is the capital city of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary it serves as the country's principal Political, Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Beit Shemesh (בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ officially also spelled Bet Shemesh) is a city in Israel 's Jerusalem District, at the end of 2007 home For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving Agadir ( Arabic ~since it is not an Arabic word it is modified as follows أڴادير or أغادير, Berber (Amazigh) is a city in Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. Curitiba (pron kuɾi'tibɐ or kuɾi'tʃibɐ is the capital City of the Brazilian state of Paraná. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. Kazan (Каза́нь Казан tt Qazan) is the capital city of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, and one of Russia's largest cities Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western Cape Town (Kaapstad Xhosa: Ikapa) is the second most populous city in South Africa, forming part of the metropolitan municipality of the The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Oviedo ( Asturian: Uviéu is the capital city of the Principality of Asturias in northern Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Jiangnan or Jiang Nan ( sometimes spelled Kiang-nan) is a geographic area in China referring to lands immediately to the south of the lower reaches of This list ranks cities in the People's Republic of China (PRC by Population. Retrieved 14 July 2007
  2. ^ Steinhardt, Nancy (1999). Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Chinese Imperial City Plannning. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, p. 144. ISBN 0-8248-2196-3.  
  3. ^ Largest Cities Through History
  4. ^ Gernet, 15.
  5. ^ Hangzhou. China Today. Retrieved 22 August 2006. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  6. ^ Hangzhou Today: Tourism. China Pages. Retrieved 22 August 2006. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  7. ^ Hangzhou Today: General Survey. China Pages. Retrieved 22 August 2006. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  8. ^ Hangzhou Today: Tourism. China Pages. Retrieved 22 August 2006. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  9. ^ Following Marco Polo. Retrieved on 2006-10-26. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death
  10. ^ Xi Hu Long Jing Tea Tea Spring. Retrieved 23 August 2006. Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

General references

External links

Preceded by
Kaifeng		 Capital of China (as Lin'an)
1127-1279		 Succeeded by
Dadu (present Beijing)
Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide. Kaifeng ( formerly known as Bianliang ( Bianjing ( Daliang ( or simply Liang ( is a Prefecture-level city in eastern The Chinese phrase Four Great Ancient Capitals of China ( traditionally refers to Beijing, Nanjing, Luoyang, and Chang'an ( Xi'an Khanbaliq or Cambuluc / Cambaluc, also Kaan-baligh ("Great residence of the Khan " is the ancient Mongol name for the city
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