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Handley Page Type O

Handley Page O/400 lands at RAF Andover, 1918
Type Bomber
Manufacturer Handley Page
Maiden flight December 1915
Introduced 1916
Retired 1921
Status Retired
Primary users Royal Air Force
RNAS
Number built 600

The Handley Page Type O was an early bomber aircraft used by Britain during World War I. For both the types of transport aircraft called Andover used by the RAF see Avro Andover (1920s and Hawker Siddeley Andover (1960s-present day. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing building testing selling and maintaining Aircraft, Aircraft parts The maiden flight of an Aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord The Royal Naval Air Service or RNAS was the air arm of the Royal Navy until near the end of the First World War, when it merged with the British Handley Page Limited was founded by Frederick Handley Page (later Sir Frederick in 1909 as the United Kingdom 's first publicly traded aircraft manufacturing A bomber is a Military aircraft designed to attack ground and sea targets primarily by dropping Bombs on them The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927 World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All At the time, it was the largest aircraft that had been built in the UK and one of the largest in the world. It was built in two major versions, the Handley Page O/100 (H. P. 11) and Handley Page O/400 (H. P. 12).

Contents

History

When Britain entered the War in August 1914 the Royal Air Force had not yet been formed and the British Army and the Royal Navy were competing for control of aircraft production. The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) Handley Page, then established around five years, offered their services to both the army and the navy, but past difficulties over a contract to manufacture BE.2a aircraft had led to some friction with the War Office and Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The War Office was a former department of the British Government, responsible for the administration of the British Army between the 17th century and 1963 when The Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE England, was a British research establishment latterly under the UK Ministry of Defence In the climate of inter-service rivalry it was natural that what the army disdained the navy would take up with alacrity, and the Director of the Navy's Air Department, Captain Murray Sueter, was quick to take up Handley Page's offer. Interservice rivalry is a Military term referring to rivalries that can arise between different branches of a country's Armed forces, such as between a nation's The Air Department of the British Admiralty was established prior to World War I by Winston Churchill. Sir Murray Fraser Sueter ( September 6, 1872 in Alverstoke &ndash 3 February, 1960 in Watlington Oxfordshire) was a Early drafts of coastal patrol models internally designated M/200 and MS/200 (for their 200 hp engines) were discussed, but Seuter's technical advisor, Harris Booth, favoured a large seaplane for coastal patrol and dockyard defence, capable also of bombing the German High Seas Fleet at its base in Kiel, and a prototype (AD Seaplane Type 1000) had already been commissioned from J Samuel White & Co. The High Seas Fleet (Hochseeflotte was the main battle fleet of the Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial German Navy during World War I. For the city in the United States, see Kiel Wisconsin. For the name see Kiel (name. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout J Samuel White was a British Shipbuilding firm (taking its name from John Samuel White 1838-1915 which came to prominence during the Victorian era. of Cowes. Cowes is an English Seaport town on the Isle of Wight, an island south of Southampton.

The threat posed by German Zeppelin bombers seemed very real, and the Admiralty had been given the task of defending Britain from air attack, something for which it was completely unprepared. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. A Zeppelin is a type of Rigid airship pioneered by the German Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin in the early 20th century based on designs he had outlined The Admiralty was formerly the authority in the United Kingdom responsible for the command of the Royal Navy. Since the difficulty of intercepting the Zeppelins themselves was an unknown quantity, the Admiralty decided to focus on a strategy of attacking their bases and factories instead. In practice, this proved difficult, given the limitations in range of the aircraft of the day and the small bomb loads they could carry. It was clear that in order to be effective, the Royal Naval Air Service needed a much larger aircraft. The Royal Naval Air Service or RNAS was the air arm of the Royal Navy until near the end of the First World War, when it merged with the British Commander Samson had called urgently from Flanders for "a bloody paralyser" to hold back the German advance on Antwerp, a phrase which was relayed and became the nickname of the O/100. ||-||-||-||} Antwerp ( Dutch:, French: Anvers) is a City and Municipality in Belgium and the capital of the Against this background, then, a specification was issued in December 1914 for a long-range patrol bomber. A Maritime patrol aircraft, also simply patrol aircraft, or by the older term patrol bomber, is a Fixed-wing aircraft designed to operate for long

Handley Page responded with an enormous biplane with a wingspan of 100 feet (30 m) (the original source of the O/100 designation). The first prototype flew on December 7 1915 and featured a glazed cockpit and extensive armour around the crew compartment and engines. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1915: Events January January 19 - First Zeppelin raid on the The aircraft proved somewhat underpowered, so the glazing and armour were deleted on the second prototype that flew the following April and formed the basis for series production of the machine. In August, sufficient O/100s were available to form an operational squadron that was based in France by the end of 1916. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Their first combat came on the night of March 16, 1917 when they were sent in to bomb a railway junction. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year A total of 46 of the O/100s were built.

The success of the type prompted the development of an uprated version with more powerful engines and other refinements, designated the O/400. First flying in 1918, over 400 were supplied before the Armistice. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common An armistice is a situation where the warring parties agree to stop fighting Another 107 were licence-built in the USA by the Standard Aircraft Corporation (out of a total order of 1,500 by the air corps). The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Standard Aircraft Corporation was a American Aircraft manufacturer, founded in Plainfield, New Jersey, in 1916 Standard Aircraft In service, the O/400s could carry a new 1,650 lb (750 kg) bomb and were deployed in force, with up to 40 aircraft participating in a raid. A single O/400 also served with 1 Squadron, Australian Flying Corps in the Middle East. The Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF) is the Air Force branch of the Australian Defence Force.

After the war, O/400s remained in British service until replaced by the Vickers Vimy towards the end of 1919. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout About 10 war-surplus aircraft were converted for civilian use in the UK and India by Handley Page's pioneering airline, Handley Page Transport. Handley Page Transport Ltd was an airline company founded in 1919 by Frederick Handley Page in the new era of civil flying after the First World War. A final few bombers were manufactured for China's army under the designation O/7, and participated in the wars between warlords: during the First Zhili-Fengtian War, o/7 bombers carried three 200 lb bombs, and played a significant role in the victory of Zhili clique since the opposing Fengtian clique had only liaison and reconnaissance aircraft. The Warlord era is the period in the History of the Republic of China, from 1916 to the late-1930s when the country was divided among military cliques, a division The Zhili clique ( was one of several mutually hostile Cliques or factions that split from the Beiyang clique during the Republic of China 's Warlord The Fengtian Clique ( was one of several mutually hostile Cliques or factions that split from the Beiyang Clique in the Republic of China 's Warlord During the Second Zhili-Fengtian War, O/7 bombers of Fengtian clique carried a single 500 lb bomb and played an important role in the battle of Stone Gate Camp (Shi Mei Zhai, 石門寨) near Shanhai Pass on October 19, 1924: the O/7 bomber piloted by White Russian pilot drop the single 500 lb bomb on the densely packed Zhili clique force on the ground, causing large casualties, and consequently, the enemy's morale collapsed, resulting in Zhili clique losing the battle. The Fengtian Clique ( was one of several mutually hostile Cliques or factions that split from the Beiyang Clique in the Republic of China 's Warlord Shanhaiguan or Shanhai Pass ( literally "Mountain and Sea Pass" is a part of the city of Qinhuangdao, in Hebei province People's Republic Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Zhili clique ( was one of several mutually hostile Cliques or factions that split from the Beiyang clique during the Republic of China 's Warlord The Zhili clique ( was one of several mutually hostile Cliques or factions that split from the Beiyang clique during the Republic of China 's Warlord

A Handley Page O/100 of the Royal Naval Air Service, 1918
A Handley Page O/100 of the Royal Naval Air Service, 1918

The legacy of the aircraft was such that for many years after the war, any large aircraft came to be called a "Handley Page" in Britain. The Royal Naval Air Service or RNAS was the air arm of the Royal Navy until near the end of the First World War, when it merged with the British Furthermore, the aircraft plays a prominent part in the short story Turnabout by William Faulkner; the story provides an insider's view of what it was like to fly the Type O in combat. William Faulkner (born William Cuthbert Falkner) ( September 25, 1897 – July 6, 1962) was an American Author

The importance of the Type O to the company cannot be underestimated, establishing the firm as a maker of large multi-engine aircraft as well as establishing an uneasy relationship with the defence ministry which is credited by former employees as the reason why no Halifax was placed in preservation, and for the greater prominence given to the Avro Vulcan over the (technically superior) Victor. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

Prior to 1924, Handley Page used an alphabetical system for aircraft designations and thus, the Type O followed the Type M and Type N. Nevertheless, the Type O aircraft are very frequently misnamed as "Handley Page 0/100" and "0/400" in publications, the numeral "0" replacing the letter "O". Curiously, Handley Page had previously conspicuously avoided using the designation "Type I", presumably to avoid confusion with the numeral "1" but apparently neglected to consider that "O" would create a similar problem.

Variants

Operators

Civil

Flag of the Republic of China China
Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom

Military

Flag of Australia Australia
Flag of the Republic of China China
Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom
Flag of the United States United States

Specifications (O/400)

Data from The British Bomber since 1914[1]

General characteristics

Performance

Armament

See also

Related development

Comparable aircraft

Related lists

References

Notes

  1. ^ Mason, Francis K (1994). The Lewis Gun is a pre- World War I era Squad automatic weapon / Machine gun of American design that was most widely used by the forces of the British The Scarff ring was a type of Machine gun mounting developed during the First World War by Warrant Officer (Gunner F The Handley Page W8 W9 and W10 were British two and three-engined medium-range biplane airliners designed and built by Handley Page. The Handley Page V/1500 was an uprated design from the O/400 with the intention of bombing Berlin from East Anglian airfields The Gotha GV was a Heavy bomber used by the Luftstreitkräfte (Imperial German Air Service WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout This is a list of aircraft of the Fleet Air Arm. For an explanation of the alphanumeric codes that follow many of the aircraft please see here. List of bomber aircraft is organized by grouped years countries and Bomber Aircraft type The British Bomber since 1914. Putnam Aeronautical Books. ISBN 0 85177 861 5.  

Bibliography

External links


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