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Hanbok (South Korea) or Chosŏn-ot (North Korea) is the traditional Korean dress. Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. More specifically it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language Romanization system in South Korea. McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language Romanization systems along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. It is often characterized by vibrant colors and simple lines without pockets. Although the term literally means "Korean clothing", hanbok today often refers specifically to Joseon Dynasty-style semi-formal or formal wear that is worn during traditional festivals or celebrations.
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History
Three Kingdoms period
Some of the basic elements of today’s hanbok, namely the jeogori shirt, baji pants and the chima skirt were probably worn at a very early date, but it was not until the Three Kingdoms period (57 BC–AD 668) that the two-piece costume of today began to evolve. Silla (57 BC – 935 AD was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. The Three Kingdoms of Korea ( refer to the ancient Korean kingdoms of Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla, which dominated the Korean peninsula Short, tight trousers and tight, waist-length jackets were worn by both men and women during the early part of the period, as evidenced by ancient tomb paintings of Goguryeo tombs. The Complex of Goguryeo Tombs lies in North Korea. In July 2004 it became the first UNESCO World Heritage site in the country This basic structure remains relatively unchanged to this day.
Toward the end of the Three Kingdoms period, noblewomen began to wear full-length skirts and hip-length jackets belted at the waist and noblemen began to wear roomy trousers bound in at the ankles and a narrow, tunic-style jacket cuffed at the wrists and belted at the waist.
Also during this period, Tang China silk robes were adopted by royalty and officials. The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by Silk is a natural Protein Fiber, some forms of which can be woven into Textiles The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons This tradition eventually leads to Gwanbok, the traditional clothes of government officials of pre-modern Korea.
Goryeo period
When Late Goryeo Dynasty (918–1392) signed a peace treaty with the Mongol Empire, Goryeo kings married Mongolian queens and government officials adopted Mongol fashion. The Goryeo Dynasty ( 918 - 1392) (also spelled Koryŏ was a Sovereign state established in 918 by Taejo Wang Kon. The Goryeo Dynasty ( 918 - 1392) (also spelled Koryŏ was a Sovereign state established in 918 by Taejo Wang Kon. The Mongol Empire ( Mongolyn Ezent Güren or mn Их Mонгол улс Ikh Mongol Uls; 1206–1368 was the largest contiguous Empire As a result of this influence, the chima skirt was shortened, as was the jeogori, which was hiked up above the waist and tied at the chest with a long, wide ribbon (instead of belted) and the sleeves were curved slightly.
Joseon period
In Joseon Dynasty, jeogori of women's hanbok became gradually tightened and shortened. In the 16th century, jeogori was baggy and reached below the waist, but by the end of Joseon Dynasty in the 19th century, jeogori was shortened to the point that it did not cover the breasts, so another piece of cloth(heoritti) was used to cover them. At the end of 19th century, Daewon-gun introduced Magoja, a Manchu-style jacket, to Korea, which is often worn with hanbok to this day. The Daewongun, or formally Heungseon Heonui Daewonwang also known to the western diplomats as Prince Gung, (1821–1898 was the title of Yi Ha-eung, who The Manchu people ( Manchu: Manju;, Mongolian: Манж Russian: Маньчжуры are a Tungusic people who originated in
Chima was full-skirted and jeogori was short and tight in the late Joseon period. Fullness in the skirt was emphasized round the hips. Many undergarments were worn underneath chima such as darisokgot, soksokgot, dansokgot, and gojengi to achieve a desired silhouette. Because jeogori was so short it became natural to expose heoritti or heorimari which functioned like a corset. The white linen cloth exposed under jeogori in the picture is heoritti.
The upper classes wore hanbok of closely woven ramie cloth or other high-grade lightweight materials in warm weather and of plain and patterned silks the rest of the year. Ramie ( Boehmeria nivea) is a Flowering plant in the Nettle family Urticaceae, native to eastern Asia. Commoners were restricted by law as well as resources to cotton at best. The upper classes wore a variety of colors, though bright colors were generally worn by children and girls and subdued colors by middle-aged men and women. Commoners were restricted by law to everyday clothes of white, but for special occasions they wore dull shades of pale pink, light green, gray, and charcoal. Formally, when Korean men went outdoors, they were required to wear overcoats known as durumagi which reach the knees.
Head dresses
Both males and females wore their hair in a long braid until they were married, at which time the hair was knotted: the man’s in a topknot sangtu on the top of the head and the woman’s in a ball just above the nape of the neck. Gache is a big wig worn by Korean women Women of high social backgrounds and Gisaeng wore wigs ( Gache) Women of high social backgrounds and gisaeng wore wigs (gache). Kisaeng (also spelled gisaeng) sometimes called ginyeo (기녀 were female Korean entertainers Gache is a big wig worn by Korean women Women of high social backgrounds and Gisaeng wore wigs ( Gache) Like their western contemporaries Koreans considered bigger and heavier wigs to be more aesthetic. Such was the women's frenzy for the gache that in 1788 King Jeongjo prohibited and banned, by royal decree, the use of gache, as they were deemed contrary to Confucian values of reserve and restraint[1]. King Jeongjo (1752–1800 was the 22nd ruler of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. In 19th century yangban women began to wear jokduri, a small hat that substituted gache. However gache still enjoyed vast popularity in gisaeng circles.
A long pin, or binyeo, was thrust through the knotted hair of the woman as both a fastener and a decoration. The material and length of the binyeo varied according to the wearer’s class and status. Women wore a jokduri on their wedding day, and wore an ayam for protection from the cold.
Men wore a gat, which also varied according to class and status.
Occasions
Hanbok are classified according to their purposes: everyday dress, ceremonial dress and special dress. Ceremonial dresses are worn on formal occasions, including a child's first birthday, a wedding or a funeral. Special dresses are made for shamans and officials.
Modern Hanbok
Modern hanboks for children consist of only two or three pieces and can be put on easily. They are usually made of less expensive fabrics since they are only worn once or twice a year during bigger holidays like Chuseok and Seolnal. Chuseok, originally known as Hangawi (한가위 (from archaic Korean for "great middle" is a major Harvest festival and a three-day holiday Korean New Year, known as Seollal ( or Gujeong ( is the first day of the lunar Korean calendar. Children are also dressed up in a hanbok on their first birthday, dol. Dol or doljanchi is a Korean traditional way of celebrating the birthday of a one-year-old baby [2][3]
Official clothing
Hanbok for royal court
 Gonryongpo: business attire for king |  Hongryongpo: everyday clothes for king |  Hwangryongpo: everyday clothes for king. Gojong began to wear the clothes. |  Tongcheongwan and Gangsapo |
 Hwangwonsam: everyday clothes for queen |
Gwanbok
Gwanbok (hangul:관복 hanja:官服) is a general term for the business attire of government officers, which began to be worn during Silla kingdom. Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. More specifically it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated Silla (57 BC – 935 AD was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. There were several types of gwanbok according to status, rank, and occasion. [4][5]
 Gwanbok in the Goryeo period, 11th century. |  Gwanbok in the Goryeo period, 14th century. |  Gwanbok in the 15th century |  Gwanbok in the 17th century |
 Heuk dallyeongpo in the late 18th century |  Geumgwan Jobok in the late 18th century |  Sibok in the late 18th century |
Hanbok for men in yangban class
 Waryonggwan and hakchangui in 1863. |  Bokgeon and simui in 1880. |  Black bokgeon and blue dopo in 1880. |  Min Sangho, 1899, oil painting by Hubert Vos |
 Outdoor wear for men. |  |  Photograph taken in 1863 |  Photograph taken in 1863 |
Hanbok for women
 Women's hanbok consists of chima and jeogori. |  A typical hanbok for women. Late 18th century. |  A gisaeng with a style. Early 19th century. |  A rare picture of yangban women. The yangban were a well educated scholarly class of male Confucian intellectuals who were part of the ruling elite within Korea prior to 1910 and the republics period One can see the characteristics of late Joseon period hanbok. |
 Soksokgot |  Hwarot, bride clothes. |
See also
References
- ^ The Traditional Art of Beauty and Perfume in Ancient Korea by Guest Contributor Pauline http://www.mimifroufrou.com/scentedsalamander/2008/04/beauty_perfume_in_traditional.html
- ^ 돌 (Korean). Chima jeogori is a term for a women's outfit consisting of a chima skirt and Jeogori top Gache is a big wig worn by Korean women Women of high social backgrounds and Gisaeng wore wigs ( Gache) Dol or doljanchi is a Korean traditional way of celebrating the birthday of a one-year-old baby This is a list of articles on Korea -related people places things and concepts This article is mainly about the spoken Korean language See Hangul for details on the native Korean writing system empas Korean dictionary. Empas ( Hangul:엠파스 Kana:エムパス is one of the most popular total Internet Search tools and Web portal sites in South Retrieved on 2007-11-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe
- ^ dol. Julia's Cook Korean site. Retrieved on 2007-11-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe
- ^ Veteran Korean Designer Enchants Smithsonian Museum. Chosun Ilbo (English Edition) (2007-5-18). The Chosun Ilbo (translated as Korean Daily News is one of the major Newspapers in South Korea. Retrieved on 2007-11-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe
- ^ 관복 (官服) (Korean). This article is mainly about the spoken Korean language See Hangul for details on the native Korean writing system empas/Encykorea. Empas ( Hangul:엠파스 Kana:エムパス is one of the most popular total Internet Search tools and Web portal sites in South Encyclopedia of Korean Culture is a Korean language Encyclopaedia published by Academy of Korean Studies and DongBang Media Co Retrieved on 2007-11-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe
External links
- (Korean) History of Hanbok
- (Korean) Information about Hanbok
- Traditional Korean Clothing - Life in Korea
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