| Haleakalā, East Maui Volcano |
Looking into Haleakalā |
| Elevation |
10,023 ft (3,055 m) |
| Location |
Maui, Hawaii, USA |
| Range |
Hawaiian Islands |
| Prominence |
3,055 m |
| Coordinates |
20°42′35″N 156°15′12″W / 20.70972, -156.25333 |
| Topo map |
USGS Kilohana (HI) |
| Type |
Shield volcano |
| Volcanic arc/belt |
Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain |
| Age of rock |
<1. In topography a summit is a point on a surface which is higher in Elevation than all points immediately adjacent to The Island of Maui is the second-largest of the Hawaiian Islands at 727 The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the A mountain range is a chain of Mountains bordered by highlands or separated from other mountains by passes or valleys The Hawaiian Islands, once known as the Sandwich Islands, form an Archipelago of 19 Islands and Atolls numerous smaller A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A topographic map is a type of Map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using Contour lines in modern The United States Geological Survey ( USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. Mountains can be characterized in several ways Some mountains are Volcanoes and can be characterized by the type of lava and eruptive history A shield volcano is a large Volcano with shallow-sloping sides A volcanic arc is a chain of volcanic islands or Mountains formed by Plate tectonics as an oceanic Tectonic plate subducts under A volcanic belt is a large volcanically active region Other terms are used for smaller areas of activity such as volcanic fields Volcanic belts are found above zones The Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain is composed of the Hawaiian Ridge, consisting of the islands of the Hawaiian chain northwest to Kure Atoll, and the Emperor The geologic time scale is a chronologic schema (or idealized Model) relating Stratigraphy to time that is used by Geologists and other 0 Ma |
| Last eruption |
~17th Century |
| Easiest route |
paved highway |
Haleakalā or East Maui Volcano is a massive shield volcano that forms more than 75% of the Hawaiian Island of Maui. Annum is one form of the Latin noun meaning Year, not a form normally used for derivatives in modern languages the accusative singular Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar A climbing route is a path by which a climber reaches the top of a Mountain, rock or ice wall A shield volcano is a large Volcano with shallow-sloping sides The Hawaiian Islands, once known as the Sandwich Islands, form an Archipelago of 19 Islands and Atolls numerous smaller The Island of Maui is the second-largest of the Hawaiian Islands at 727
History
Early Hawaiians applied the name Haleakalā ("house of the sun") to the summit area only, most likely due to the fact that from the west side of the island, the sun could be seen rising up over the eastern side of the mountain. In Hawaiian folklore, the depression at the summit of Haleakalā was home to the grandmother of the demigod Māui. Folklore in Hawaii in modern times is a mixture of various aspects of Hawaiian mythology and various Urban legends that have been passed on regarding various places In Hawaiian mythology, Māui is a Culture hero who appears in several different Genealogies. According to the legend, Maui's grandmother helped him capture the sun and force it to slow its journey across the sky in order to lengthen the day. In modern times, Haleakalā has become synonymous with the entire East Maui volcano.
From the summit one looks down into a massive depression some 11. 25 km (7 mi) across, 3. 2 km (2 mi) wide, and nearly 800 m (2,600 ft) deep. The surrounding walls are steep and the interior mostly barren-looking with a scattering of volcanic cones. Volcanic cones are among the simplest Volcano formations in the world The volcano is officially considered active[1] and has produced numerous eruptions in the last 30,000 years. This volcanic activity has been along two rift zones, the southwest and east. These two rift zones together form an arc that extends from La Perouse Bay on the southwest, through the Haleakalā Crater and to Hāna, to the east. La Perouse Bay is located south of the town of Wailea-Makena Hawaii at the end of Makena Alanui Road (State Highway 31 The bay's Hawaiian name is Keoneoio Hāna is a Census-designated place (CDP in Maui County Hawai{{okina}}i, United States. The east rift zone continues under the ocean beyond the east coast of Maui as Haleakalā Ridge, making the combined rift zones one of the longest in the Hawaiian Islands chain.
Until recently, East Maui Volcano was thought to have last erupted around 1790, based largely on comparisons of maps made during the voyages of La Perouse and George Vancouver. Jean François de Galaup comte de La Pérouse (23 August 1741&ndash1788? was a French Navy officer and Explorer whose expedition vanished in Oceania. Captain George Vancouver Recent advanced dating tests, however, have shown that the last eruption was more likely to have been in the n1600s. [2] These last flows from the southwest rift zone of Haleakalā make up the large lava deposits of the Ahihi Kina`u/La Perouse Bay area of South Maui. A rift zone is a feature of some Volcanoes especially the Shield volcanoes of Hawaii, in which a linear series of fissures in the volcanic In addition, contrary to popular belief, Haleakalā "crater" is not volcanic in origin, nor can it accurately be called a caldera (which is formed through when the summit of a volcano collapses to form a depression). Rather, scientists believe that Haleakalā's "crater" was formed when the headwalls of two large erosional valleys merged at the summit of the volcano. These valleys formed the two large gaps — Ko‘olau on the north side and Kaupō on the south — on either side of the depression.
Macdonald, Abbott, & Peterson[3] state it this way:
- Haleakala is far smaller than many volcanic craters (calderas); there is an excellent chance that it is not extinct, but only dormant; and strictly speaking it is not of volcanic origin, beyond the fact that it exists in a volcanic mountain. A caldera is a cauldron-like volcanic feature formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption
National Park
Sunrise at Haleakala
Surrounding and including the "crater" is Haleakala National Park, a 28,655 acre (115. Haleakalā National Park is a United States National park located on the island of Maui in the state of Hawaii. 963 km²) park of which 19,270 acres (77. 983 km²) are wilderness. Wilderness is generally defined as a Natural environment on Earth that has not been significantly modified by Human activity The park includes the summit depression, Kipahulu Valley on the southeast, and ‘Ohe‘o Gulch (and pools), extending to the shoreline in the Kipahulu area. From the summit, there are two main trails leading into Haleakalā: Sliding Sands Trail and Halemau‘u Trail.
This rare species of
Silversword is fragile and lives only upon the slopes of Haleakala
The temperature near the top tends to vary between about 40°F (5°C) and 60°F (16°C) and, especially given the thin air and the possibility of dehydration at that elevation, the walking trails can be more challenging than one might expect. The Haleakalā silversword ( Argyroxiphium sandwicense macrocephalum) is part of the family Asteraceae. Despite this, Haleakala is popular with tourists and locals alike, who often venture to its summit to view the sunrise.
Research
The Space Surveillance Systems
Because of the remarkable clarity, dryness, and stillness of the air, and its location above one-third of the atmosphere, as well as the absence of the lights of major cities, the summit of Haleakala (like Mauna Kea) is one of the most sought-after locations in the world for ground-based telescopes. Mauna Kea is a Dormant volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, one of five volcanoes which together form the Island of Hawaii. As a result of the geographic importance of this observational platform, experts come from all over the world to take part in research at "Science City", an astrophysical complex operated by the U.S. Department of Defense, University of Hawaii, Smithsonian Institution, Air Force, Federal Aviation Agency, and others. The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government The University of Hawaii, formally the University of Hawaii System and popularly known as UH, is a public co-educational college and university system that confers The Smithsonian Institution (smɪθsoʊnɪən is an educational and research institute and associated Museum complex administered and funded by the Government of The Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA) is an agency of the United States Department of Transportation with authority to regulate and oversee all aspects of
Some of the telescopes operated by the US Department of Defense are involved in researching man-made (e. g. spacecraft, monitoring satellites, rockets, and laser technology) rather than celestial objects. The program is in collaboration with defense contractors in the new Maui Research and Technology Park in Kihei. Kīhei is a Census-designated place (CDP in Maui County, Hawai{{okina}}i, United States. The astronomers on Haleakala are concerned about increasing light pollution as Maui's population grows. Light pollution, also known as photopollution or luminous pollution, is excess or obtrusive Light created mainly by Humans Among other effects
Transportation
Map
A well traveled, modern and quite curvy road leads all the way to the top of this spectacular mountain. The road is open to the public (although parts of it are restricted) but visitors should be warned that while it is a well-maintained two-lane highway, it contains many blind turns and areas where the outer lane is quite close to very steep dropoffs. Also, local animals (including cattle) are often encountered in the roadway and require constant vigilance, especially at night. There is a $10. 00 entrance fee to the summit and Kipahulu areas. Public transportation does not go through the park, but tour buses and vans visit the summit regularly. It is also possible to use your own or a rented bicycle to go up and/or down the mountain.
See also
Notes
- ^ Haleakalā National Park Official Website. Most of the Hawaiian volcanoes (that is the Volcanoes that make up the Hawaiian Islands) go through several defined stages of evolution during their lifespans See also Geography of North America This article comprises three sortable tables of major mountain peaks located on the Continent of North America See also Geography of the United States United States of America|Mountain peaks of North AmericaThis article comprises three sortable tables of major mountain peaks The Hawaii hotspot is perhaps the best known volcanic hotspot on Earth, responsible for the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean. Haleakala Wilderness is a designated Wilderness area within Haleakala National Park on the island of Maui in the U
- ^ Youngest lava flows on East Maui probably older than A.D. 1790. United States Geological Survey (September 9, 1999). The United States Geological Survey ( USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Retrieved on 1999-10-04. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas
- ^ Macdonald, Abbott, & Peterson p. 391
References
- Haleakalā National Park Official Website, accessed March 2008.
- Macdonald, Gordon A. , Agatin T. Abbott, and Frank L. Peterson. 1983. Volcanoes in the Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. 517 pp.
External links
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Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park is a United States National Park located in western Colorado, and managed by the National Park Service. Bryce Canyon National Park (ˈbraɪs is a National park located in southwestern Utah in the United States Canyonlands National Park is located in the American state of Utah, near city of Moab and preserves a colorful landscape eroded into countless canyons Capitol Reef National Park is a United States National Park, in south-central Utah. Carlsbad Caverns National Park is a United States National Park located in the Guadalupe Mountains in southeastern New Mexico. Channel Islands National Park is a National park that consists of five of the eight Channel Islands off the coast of the U Congaree National Park preserves the largest tract of Old growth bottomland Hardwood Forest left in the United States. Crater Lake National Park is a United States National Park located in Southern Oregon whose primary feature is Crater Lake. Cuyahoga Valley National Park preserves and reclaims the rural landscape along the Cuyahoga River between Akron and Cleveland in northeast Ohio Death Valley National Park is a mostly Arid United States National Park located east of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in southern Inyo County Denali National Park and Preserve is located in Interior Alaska and contains Mount McKinley (Denali the tallest mountain in North America. Dry Tortugas National Park preserves Fort Jefferson and the Dry Tortugas section of the Florida Keys. Everglades National Park is a national park in the US state of Florida. Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve is a US National Park in Alaska. Glacier National Park is located in the US state of Montana, bordering the Canadian provinces of Alberta and British Columbia. The area around Glacier Bay in southeastern Alaska was first proclaimed a U Grand Canyon Grand Canyon National Park is one of the United States' oldest national parks and is located in Arizona. Grand Teton National Park is a United States National Park located in northwestern Wyoming, south of Yellowstone National Park. Great Basin National Park is a United States National Park established in 1986 located in east-central Nevada near its border with Utah. Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve is a United States National Park located in the easternmost parts of Alamosa County and Saguache County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park is a United States National Park that straddles the ridgeline of the Great Smoky Mountains, part of the Blue Ridge Mountains Guadalupe Mountains National Park is located in the Guadalupe Mountains of West Texas and contains Guadalupe Peak, the highest point in Texas Haleakalā National Park is a United States National park located on the island of Maui in the state of Hawaii. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, established in 1916 is a United States National Park located in the U Established from Hot Springs Reservation Hot Springs National Park is a United States National Park in central Arkansas adjacent to the city of Hot Isle Royale National Park is a US National Park in the state of Michigan. Joshua Tree National Park is located in south-eastern California. Katmai National Park and Preserve is a United States National Park in southern Alaska, notable for the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes and for its Brown Established in 1980 by the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act, Kenai Fjords National Park is a United States National Park on the Kenai This article is about Kings Canyon National Park USA For Kings Canyon Australia see Kings Canyon (Northern Territory. Kobuk Valley National Park is in northwestern Alaska north of the Arctic Circle. Established in 1980 by the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve is a United States National Park Lassen Volcanic National Park is a United States National Park in north eastern California. Mammoth Cave National Park is a US National Park in central Kentucky, encompassing portions of Mammoth Cave the longest Cave system known in the Mesa Verde National Park is a US National Park and UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Montezuma County, Colorado, United Mount Rainier National Park is a United States National Park located in southeast Pierce County and northeast Lewis County in Washington North Cascades National Park is a US National Park located in the state of Washington. Olympic National Park is located in the US state of Washington, in the Olympic Peninsula. Petrified Forest National Park is along Interstate 40 between Holbrook and Navajo, in the United States. The "Redwood National and State Parks" (RNSP are located in the United States along the coast of northern California. Saguaro National Park, located in the state of Arizona, is part of the United States National park system Sequoia National Park is a National park in the southern Sierra Nevada, east of Visalia California, in the United States of America. Shenandoah National Park encompasses part of the Blue Ridge Mountains in the U Established in 1978 Theodore Roosevelt National Park is a United States National Park comprising three geographically separated areas of Badlands in western Virgin Islands National Park is a United States National Park covering approximately 60% of the island of Saint John in the United States Virgin Voyageurs National Park is a United States National Park in northern Minnesota near the town of International Falls. Bison grazing at Wind Cavejpg|right|thumb|Bison grazing on prairie grasses]] Wind Cave National Park is a United States National park north of the town of Hot Wrangell-St Elias National Park and Preserve is a United States Zion National Park is a United States National Park located in the Southwestern United States, near Springdale Utah. This is a list of US National parks by date of establishment. This is a list of United States National Parks by state. Some states lack a national park others have many This is a list of United States National Parks by elevation. Most of America's national parks are located in mountainous areas
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