Hakham Bashi (Turkish: Hahambaşı حكمباشا) is the Turkish name for the Chief Rabbi of the nation. Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Chief Rabbi is a title given in several countries to the recognized religious leader of that country's Jewish community or to a rabbinic leader appointed by the local secular

History

Chief Rabbi Jacob Saul Dwek, Hakham Bashi of Aleppo, Syria, 1908. For other meanings see Aleppo (disambiguation. Halab redirects here for other meanings see Halab (disambiguation. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية

The institution of the Hakham Bashi was established by the Ottoman Sultan Mehmet II, as part of his policy of governing his exceedingly diverse subjects according to their own laws and authorities wherever possible. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Religion was considered as primordial aspect of a communities 'national' identity, so the term Ethnarch has been applied to such religious leaders, especially the (Greek Orthodox) Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (i. Ethnarch (Εθνάρχης refers generally to political leadership over a common ethnic group or heterogeneous kingdom The Greek Orthodox Church ( Greek: Ἑλληνορθόδοξη Ἐκκλησία Hellēnorthódoxē Ekklēsía) is formed by several autocephalous churches "Patriarch of Constantinople" redirects here For the institutional church itself see Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. e. in the Sultan's imperial capital, renamed Istanbul in 1930 but replaced by Ankara as republican capital in 1923). Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after İstanbul. As Islam was the official religion of both court and state, the Chief Mufti in Istanbul had a much higher status, even of cabinet rank. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. This article is about an Islamic scholar Mufti can also refer to civilian dress.

Because of the size and nature of the Ottoman state, containing a far greater part of the diaspora then any other, the position of Hakham Bashi has been compared to that of the Jewish Exilarch. The term Diaspora (in Greek, διασπορά &ndash " a scattering or sowing of seeds " refers any population sharing common ethnic Exilarch ( Aramaic: ריש גלותא Reish Galuta lit "Head of the Exile" ( Greek: Æchmalotarcha) refers to the leader of the

In the Ottoman Empire, and as such, the Hakham Bashi was the closest thing to an overall Exilarchal authority among Jewry everywhere in the Middle East in early modern times. Exilarch ( Aramaic: ריש גלותא Reish Galuta lit "Head of the Exile" ( Greek: Æchmalotarcha) refers to the leader of the Jewish population refers to the number of Jews in the world Precise figures are difficult to calculate because the definition of " Who is a Jew " remains a The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. They held broad powers to legislate, judge and enforce the laws among the Jews of Ottoman Turkey and often sat on the Sultan's divan. Sultan (سلطان is an Islamic title with several historical meanings Dīvān or dīwān ( Persian دیوان was a high governmental body in a number of Islamic states or its chief official (see Diwan (title

The office also maintained considerable influence outside the Ottoman Empire, especially after the forced migration of numerous Jewish communities and individuals out of Spain (after the fall of Granada in 1492) and Italy. The Alhambra Decree (also known as the Edict of Expulsion) was an edict issued on 31 March, 1492 by the joint Catholic Monarchs of Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest

The Chief Rabbi of the modern, secular Republic of Turkey is still known as Hakham Bashi. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches

List of individuals holding the title Hakham Bashi

Chief rabbis of Egypt since 1920

Chief rabbis of Turkey since 1920

See also

• History of the Jews in Turkey

References

• Hirschberg, Haim Ze'ew (1997). Moses b Elijah Capsali (1420 &ndash 1495 was Hakham Bashi ( Chief rabbi) of the Ottoman empire. Elijah Mizrachi ( Hebrew: אליהו מזרחי) (c 1455 &ndash 1525 or 1526 was a Talmudist and Posek, an authority on Halakha Yakir Gueron or Preciado Gueron was a Turkish-Jewish Rabbi. He was born in 1813 and died at Jerusalem on February 4, 1874 Chaim (Haim Nahum Effendi (1872&ndash1960 was a Jewish scholar Jurist, and linguist of the early 1900s Chief Rabbi David Asseo (1914— July 14 2002) was the Hakham Bashi of the Republic of Turkey from 1961 until his death Ishak Haleva (1940 İstanbul) is the current Hakham Bashi ( Chief Rabbi) (Turkish Hahambaşı of Turkey. Jews {ref|name|§}} have lived in the geographic area of Asia Minor (modern Turkey) for more than 2400 years "Hakham Bashi". Encyclopedia Judaica (CD-ROM Edition Version 1. The Encyclopaedia Judaica is a 26-volume English-language Encyclopedia of the Jewish people and their faith Judaism. 0). Ed. Cecil Roth. Cecil Roth, ( London, 1899–1970 was a British Jewish Historian and educator Keter Publishing House. ISBN 965-07-0665-8
• Lewis, Bernard (1984). Bernard Lewis (born May 31, 1916 in London, England) is a British - American The Jews of Islam. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-00807-8