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The All Blacks, the international rugby union team of New Zealand, perform a haka (Māori traditional dance) immediately prior to international matches. The All Blacks are New Zealand's national team in Rugby union, the country's National sport. Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short A team comprises a group of people or Animals linked in a common purpose New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island A haka is a traditional Dance form of the Māori of New Zealand. This article discusses the Māori people of New Zealand For their language see Māori language, and for other meanings see Māori (disambiguation. The Haka is also performed by some other New Zealand national teams, such as the Kiwis (rugby league) and the Tall Blacks (men's basketball). The New Zealand national rugby league side represents New Zealand in the sport of Rugby league. The New Zealand national basketball team represents New Zealand in international Basketball competitions [1][2] Over the years they have most commonly performed the haka "Ka Mate". " Ka Mate " is a Māori Haka composed by Te Rauparaha, war leader of the Ngāti Toa tribe of the North Island of New In the early decades of international rugby, they sometimes performed other haka,[3] some of which were composed for specific tours. Since 2005 they have occasionally performed a new haka, "Kapa o Pango. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. "

Contents

History

The first New Zealand rugby team to tour overseas, playing eight matches in New South Wales, Australia, in 1884, performed "a Maori war cry" or haka before each of its matches. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.

During 1888-89, the New Zealand Native team toured the Home Nations of the United Kingdom, the first team from a colony to do so. The 1888-1889 New Zealand Native football team was a New Zealand Football team that toured Britain, Australia and New Zealand in 1888 and 1889 "Home nation" (common noun redirects here home nation is also used to refer to the host country of Multi-sport events (eg The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located It was originally intended that only Māori players would be selected, but four "whites" were finally included. As the "whites" were born in New Zealand, the name "Native" was considered justified. The team performed a haka before the start of their first match on 3 October 1888 against Surrey. They were described as using the words "Ake ake kia kaha" which suggests that the haka was not "Ka Mate". It was intended that before each match they would perform the haka dressed in traditional Māori costume but the costumes were soon discarded.

New Zealand played its first full international test match when it played Australia in Sydney in 1903. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 It has been claimed that the New Zealand team performed a haka which was evidently composed for the occasion, as it addressed the "Wallabies". The Australian national rugby union team is the representative side of Australia in Rugby union.

In 1905 New Zealand made their first tour of Britain. Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting This was the first time the team were referred to as the All Blacks and this particular team also became known as the 'Originals'. The Original All Blacks (also known simply as " The Originals " were the first New Zealand national Rugby union team to tour outside It is uncertain whether they performed a haka before every match, but they at least performed "Ka Mate" before their first test, against Scotland, and before the match against Wales. The Scotland national rugby union team represent Scotland in international Rugby union. The Wales national rugby union team represent Wales in international The Welsh crowd, led by the Welsh team, responded by singing the Welsh national anthem.

When a New Zealand Army team played Wales in 1916, the words of "Ka Mate" were included in the printed programme, indicating that the haka was established as an accompaniment to New Zealand rugby teams playing overseas.

The 1924-25 New Zealand rugby team which toured the United Kingdom, Ireland, France and Canada and which was nicknamed the Invincibles, performed a haka that was written for them during the voyage to England by two supporters, Judge Frank Acheson of the Native Land Court and Wiremu Rangi of Gisborne[4]. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The Invincibles was a nickname given to the 1924-25 New Zealand Rugby union team which toured the United Kingdom, Ireland, France The haka was led by star player George Nepia. George Nepia (25 April 1905 &mdash 27 June 1986 was a Māori Rugby union and Rugby league player It was performed before all but two of the tour matches. Reporters criticized the team for disappointing the crowd on the two occasions it was not performed.

A pre-match haka was not always performed on All Blacks tours. The team that toured Britain in 1935-36 did not perform one before matches, although they did some impromptu performances at social functions. In the early decades, haka were only rarely performed at home matches, such as the third test of the 1921 Springboks tour, played in Wellington. The South Africa national Rugby union team (commonly referred to as the Springboks in English Springbokke in Afrikaans and Amabokoboko Wellington (ˈwælɪŋtən is the Capital of New Zealand, the country's second largest urban area, the

"Ka Mate"

The All Blacks perform Ka Mate before a match against France in November 2006.
The All Blacks perform Ka Mate before a match against France in November 2006. The France national rugby union team represents France in Rugby union.

Overview

The "Ka Mate" haka arose as a wily plan to defeat the aims of an enemy. " Ka Mate " is a Māori Haka composed by Te Rauparaha, war leader of the Ngāti Toa tribe of the North Island of New Inspired by this, the All Blacks are believed to have first used the "Ka Mate" or "Te Rauparaha" haka in 1906. The origin of this haka dates to 1810 when chief Te Rauparaha of the Ngāti Toa iwi (clan or tribe) was being chased by enemies. Te Rauparaha (1760s-1849 was a Māori chief and war leader of the Ngati Toa tribe who took a leading part in the Musket Wars. Ngāti Toa ( Ngāti Toarangatira) an Iwi ( New Zealand Māori tribe traces its descent from the eponymous ancestor Toarangatira In New Zealand society iwi (iwi form the largest everyday Social units in Māori populations. In a cunning stratagem, he hid in a food-storage pit under the skirt of a woman. Because this was an unthinkable thing for a chief to do, Te Rauparaha thought he would be safe. He climbed out to find someone standing over him, who, instead of killing Te Rauparaha, turned out to be another chief friendly to Te Rauparaha. In relief Te Rauparaha performed a haka with the words (translated from Māori) —

It is death, it is death: it is life, it is life; this is the man who enabled me to live as I climb up step by step toward sunlight.

These words are still used today. Te Rauparaha's escape from death is commemorated in the haka, which can be interpreted as 'a celebration of life over death' (Pōmare 2006).

Performance

The "Ka Mate" haka generally opens with a set of five preparatory instructions shouted by the leader, before the whole team joins in:

"Ka Mate"
Leader: Ringa pakia! Slap the hands against the thighs!
Uma tiraha! Puff out the chest!
Turi whatia! Bend the knees!
Hope whai ake! Let the hip follow!
Waewae takahia kia kino! Stamp the feet as hard as you can!
Leader: Ka mate, ka mate 'it is death, it is death
Team: Ka ora' Ka ora' 'it is life, 'it is life (or: I live)
Leader: Ka mate, ka mate 'It is death, 'It is death
Team: Ka ora Ka ora " 'It is life, 'It is life
All: Tēnei te tangata pūhuruhuru This is the hairy man
Nāna i tiki mai whakawhiti te rā . . . Who caused the sun to shine again for me
Upane. . . Upane Up the ladder Up the ladder
Upane Kaupane" Up to the top
Whiti te rā,! The sun shines!

This interpretation of the lyrics is open to debate.

Older versions are less sanitized than this and speak of the "hairy man" as the old womans crotch area. The older versions say that in this situation the same 'hairy man' that gave him life, has also protected him from death.

However with the branding and marketing of the All Black team, such an interpretation of the lyrics has been removed. A traditional meaning of the lyrics can be found Here

"Kapa o Pango"

Overview

Before a Tri Nations match against South Africa on August 28, 2005 at Carisbrook in Dunedin, the All Blacks unexpectedly introduced a new haka, "Kapa o Pango". The Tri Nations is an annual international Rugby union series held between the national teams of Australia (the Wallabies) New Zealand (the Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Carisbrook is a major sporting venue in Dunedin, New Zealand. Dunedin (dəˈneɪdɪn) Ōtepoti in Maori is the second-largest city in the South Island of New Zealand, and the principal city of the region of Written by Derek Lardelli of Ngāti Porou, it featured an extended and aggressive introduction by team captain Tana Umaga and was highlighted by its more aggressive climax: each player performing a "throat-slitting" action directed at the opposing team. Ngāti Porou is a Māori Iwi traditionally located in the East Cape and Gisborne regions on the North Island of New Zealand Jonathan Falefasa "Tana" Umaga, ONZM, (tɑːnə 'uːmʌŋə born 27 May 1973 in Lower Hutt, New Zealand is a New Zealand Rugby union footballer The All Blacks went on to win the match 31 to 27.

The new haka is said to have been over a year in the making, and was created in consultation with many experts in Māori culture. It will serve as a complement to "Ka Mate" rather than a replacement, to be used for 'special occasions'. The words to "Kapa o Pango" are more specific to the rugby team than "Ka Mate", referring to the warriors in black and the silver fern[1]

The All Blacks opted not to perform "Kapa o Pango" in their opening test of 2006 against Ireland, as it was requested that they perform the traditional haka, as a 'review' was conducted into "Kapa o Pango". The Ireland rugby union team represents the island of Ireland in Rugby union, which is a popular sport throughout both the Republic of Ireland and The throat-slitting action at the end of "Kapa o Pango" drew many complaints in the lead up to the Irish test, with members of the public complaining about it to the NZRU. The NZRU said that it was not because of public pressure that it was not performed against Ireland. [2] In the run-up to the first All Blacks Test of the 2006 Tri Nations at Jade Stadium in Christchurch against Australia, the NZRU completed their review, and concluded that the "throat-slitting" gesture had a radically different meaning within Māori culture and haka traditions, specifically the drawing of vital energy into the heart and lungs. AMI Stadium, formerly Jade Stadium and Lancaster Park, is a sports stadium situated in Christchurch, New Zealand. Christchurch (Ōtautahi The largest City in the South Island, it is also the second largest city and third largest urban area of New Zealand The Australian national rugby union team is the representative side of Australia in Rugby union. [3] "Kapa o Pango" was performed, complete with the final gesture, before the Australia test. Despite this, the controversial gesture appears to have been withdrawn in 2007, with a modified action (raking the right arm from the left hip to over the right shoulder) performed in the challenge when "Kapa o Pango" was performed in test matches against France and South Africa.

Performance

"Kapa o Pango"
Kapa o Pango kia whakawhenua au i ahau! All Blacks, let me become one with the land
Hī aue, hī! do one
Ko Aotearoa e ngunguru nei! This is our land that rumbles
Au, au, aue hā! It’s my time! It’s my moment!
Ko Kapa o Pango e ngunguru nei! This defines us as the All Blacks
Au, au, aue hā! It’s my time! It’s my moment!
I āhahā!
Ka tū te ihiihi Our dominance
Ka tū te wanawana Our supremacy will triumph
Ki runga ki te rangi e tū iho nei, tū iho nei, hī! And be placed on high
Ponga rā! Silver fern!
Kapa o Pango, aue hī! All Blacks!
Ponga rā! Silver fern!
Kapa o Pango, aue hī, hā! All Blacks!

Controversies

Haka prior to a game against Portugal in Lyon, France.
Haka prior to a game against Portugal in Lyon, France. The Portugal national rugby union team, nicknamed "Os Lobos" Portuguese for "the wolves" is a third tier Rugby union side representing Portugal ||-||} Lyon, also known as Lyons in English is a city in east-central France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

The haka, whilst normally enjoyed by spectators, has been criticised as an unsporting attempt to intimidate the opposition before the match begins. However, most teams accept that the Haka is a legitimate part of Rugby's Heritage and face up to the All Blacks during its performance, with both teams standing about 10 metres apart. The 2007 Portuguese Rugby team Captain Vasco Uva said of the Haka that "[We] faced it, gave it the respect it deserved and it gave us motivation and we knew if it gave them strength, it was also a point of strength for us. " [5]

Ignoring the Haka is a tactic sometimes used by teams, but famously the Australian Rugby Team did a warm up drill well away from the All Blacks during their 1996 Test Match in Wellington, and were beaten by a record score. Wellington (ˈwælɪŋtən is the Capital of New Zealand, the country's second largest urban area, the More recently, the Italian Rugby Team ignored the Haka during a 2007 World Cup Pool Match, and the All Blacks then went on to beat them by a larger than expected score. All Black hooker Keven Mealamu said later that the snub had backfired and provided motivation to his team. Keven Mealamu (born March 20, 1979 in Tokoroa, Waikato, New Zealand) is a New Zealand Rugby union footballer [6]

In 1997, Richard Cockerill was disciplined for responding to the haka before the start of an England vs All Blacks game. Richard Cockerill (born December 16 1970) is a former English Rugby union footballer who played as a hooker. The England national rugby union team represents England in Rugby union. The All Blacks are New Zealand's national team in Rugby union, the country's National sport. Cockerill went toe-to-toe with his opposite number Norm Hewitt while they performed the Haka. The Referee became so concerned that Hewitt and Cockerill would begin fighting that he pushed Cockerill away from Hewitt. Cockerill went onto say afterwards "I believe that I did the right thing that day," he said. "They were throwing down a challenge and I showed them I was ready to accept it. I'm sure they would rather we did that than walk away. "[7]

At the 1999 Bledisloe Cup match at Telstra Stadium, Sydney, 107,000 voices sang Waltzing Matilda as a response to the New Zealand haka. "Waltzing Matilda" is Australia 's most widely known country Folk song, and has been referred to as 'the unofficial national anthem of Australia' The Australian players responded by delivering New Zealand a record 28-7 defeat culminating in the cup being retained by Australia.

In 2005, the All Blacks agreed to a request from the Welsh Rugby Union to repeat the sequence of events from the original match a century before in 1905. The Welsh Rugby Union (WRU ( Undeb Rygbi Cymru) is the governing body of Rugby union in Wales, recognised by the International Rugby Board This involved the All Blacks performing the haka after "God Defend New Zealand" and before "Hen Wlad fy Nhadau". " God Defend New Zealand " is one of the National anthems of New Zealand, together with " God Save the Queen " "Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau" (heːn ˈwlaːd vəˈn̥adaɨ usually translated as "Land of My Fathers" ( dear country of my fathers) is by tradition the National For the November 2006 test, the WRU demanded a repeat of this sequence. The All Blacks refused, and instead chose to perform the haka in their changing room before the match. [8] All Blacks captain Richie McCaw defended the decision by stating that the haka was "integral to New Zealand culture and the All Blacks' heritage" and "if the other team wants to mess around, we'll just do the haka in the shed". [9] The crowd reacted negatively to the lack of the haka and then being shown brief footage of the haka on the screens at the Millennium Stadium. The Millennium Stadium (Stadiwm y Mileniwm is the National stadium of Wales, located in the capital Cardiff. [10]

In the 2007 Rugby World Cup quarter-finals, France, after having won the coin toss for the choice of uniforms, famously wore the blue/white/red of the French flag and walked up to within a metre of the Haka performance, forming a line of opposition to the performance by the All-Blacks, who were wearing a predominantly silver uniform (as opposed to the traditional all black). France went on to defeat the All-Blacks 20-18.

Use by other teams

Main article: Haka performed by non-New Zealand sports teams

The high-profile of the All Blacks, and their use of the haka has led to other Pacific teams to use similar dances from their own cultures, such as the Cibi, Kailao, and Siva tau. Although the Haka is a traditional dance form of the Māori of New Zealand, the use of a haka by the All Blacks rugby team before matches has The Cibi (ðimbi is a Fijian Meke of Bauan origin and is a war dance generally performed before battle or after battle it came to prominence when it was performed by the national Kailao is a Tongan war dance imported to Tonga from nearby 'Uvea also known as Wallis Island,this dance is similar to the Samoan "Ailao" The Manu Siva Tau is a Samoan war dance performed by the Samoa's sporting teams before each match Other teams from the Pacific and elsewhere however have performed the Ka Mate or Kapa O Pango haka; something generally felt to be inappropriate at best. " Ka Mate " is a Māori Haka composed by Te Rauparaha, war leader of the Ngāti Toa tribe of the North Island of New The All Blacks, the international Rugby union Team of New Zealand, perform a Haka ( Māori traditional dance For instance, the "Kapa O Pango" haka was used by the University of Hawaii Warriors in 2006, before they created their own war dance, the "Haʻa", in the Hawaiian language with original movements. The Hawaii Warriors football team represents the University of Hawaii at Mānoa in NCAA Division I FBS College football.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Woolf, Alexander (2002-08-31). In 2006, " Kapa o Pango " the new Haka of the New Zealand Rugby union team the All Blacks created much controversy when The All Blacks are New Zealand's national team in Rugby union, the country's National sport. The Cibi (ðimbi is a Fijian Meke of Bauan origin and is a war dance generally performed before battle or after battle it came to prominence when it was performed by the national A haka is a traditional Dance form of the Māori of New Zealand. The Haka is a traditional Māori dance form The use of haka in popular culture is a growing phenomenon especially in New Zealand. " Ka Mate " is a Māori Haka composed by Te Rauparaha, war leader of the Ngāti Toa tribe of the North Island of New The term Kapa haka ( kapa meaning 'rank' or 'row' and haka refers to a 'Maori war dance' is commonly known in Aotearoa as 'Maori Performing Arts' or the Kailao is a Tongan war dance imported to Tonga from nearby 'Uvea also known as Wallis Island,this dance is similar to the Samoan "Ailao" Māori music is Music composed or performed by Māori, the native people of New Zealand, and includes a wide variety of Folk music styles often The Manu Siva Tau is a Samoan war dance performed by the Samoa's sporting teams before each match See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Thunder from Down Under. SportsIllustrated.com. Sports Illustrated is an American Sports Magazine owned by media conglomerate Time Warner. Retrieved on 2007-12-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies
  2. ^ In their 2006 test match against Wales, the All Blacks opted to perform the Haka Ka Mate within their dressing room prior to the match. The Wales national rugby union team represent Wales in international The All Blacks are New Zealand's national team in Rugby union, the country's National sport. " Ka Mate " is a Māori Haka composed by Te Rauparaha, war leader of the Ngāti Toa tribe of the North Island of New This was the result of the Welsh rugby union's decision that the Welsh national anthem, Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau would be played after the Haka, not before as is traditional. The Welsh Rugby Union (WRU ( Undeb Rygbi Cymru) is the governing body of Rugby union in Wales, recognised by the International Rugby Board "Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau" (heːn ˈwlaːd vəˈn̥adaɨ usually translated as "Land of My Fathers" ( dear country of my fathers) is by tradition the National
  3. ^ The title of this article follows the convention derived from the Māori language of not adding an s to pluralise words.
  4. ^ An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, 1966
  5. ^ "Uva looking ahead already", Planet Rugby, 2007-09-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Retrieved on 2007-09-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English  
  6. ^ Long, David. "Haka snub sparks All Black fury", Sunday News, 2007-09-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Retrieved on 2007-09-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English  
  7. ^ "England receive 'Haka' warning", BBC News, 1999-10-07. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) Retrieved on 2007-09-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English  
  8. ^ "All Blacks perform haka in changing room to protest Welsh Rugby Union", International Herald Tribune, 2006-11-25. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the Retrieved on 2007-07-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy.  
  9. ^ "McCaw defends private haka choice", BBC Sport, 2006-11-26. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Retrieved on 2007-03-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor  
  10. ^ Godwin, Hugh. "Wales 10 New Zealand 45: All Blacks dance to a different beat", The Independent, 2006-11-27. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Retrieved on 2007-03-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor  

References

External links

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