| Sugiyama Hajime | |
|---|---|
| 1 January 1880 - 12 September 1945 | |
 Japanese General Sugiyama Hajime |
|
| Place of birth | Kokura, Fukuoka Prefecture |
| Place of death | Tokyo, Japan |
| Allegiance | Empire of Japan |
| Service/branch |  Imperial Japanese Army |
| Years of service | 1910 -1945 |
| Rank | Field Marshal |
| Battles/wars | Russo-Japanese War World War II |
- In this Japanese name, the family name is Sugiyama. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar is an ancient Castle town and the center of Kitakyūshū, Japan, guarding via its suburb Moji, the Straits of Shimonoseki between Honshū WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> is a prefecture of Japan located on Kyūshū Island. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The Empire of Japan ( {{unicode|Kyūjitai}}: ja 大日本帝國 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国 pronounced Dai Nippon Teikoku The Imperial Japanese Army ( IJA) ( Kyūjitai: 大日本帝國陸軍 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国陸軍 Romaji: Dai-Nippon Teikoku For other meanings see Field Marshal (disambiguation Field marshal is a military officer rank The Russo-Japanese War (日露戦争 Romaji: Nichi-Ro Sensō Русско-японская война Russko-Yaponskaya Voyna;, 10 February 1904 – 5 September World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including in modern times usually consist of a Family name ( Surname) followed by a Given name. A family name or last name is a type of Surname and part of a person's name indicating the family to which the person belongs
Hajime Sugiyama (杉山 元 Sugiyama Hajime / Sugiyama Gen?) (1 January 1880 - 12 September 1945) was a field marshal who served as successively as chief of the Army General Staff, and minister of war in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II between 1937 and 1944. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar (also frequently translated as Field marshal) was the highest title in the prewar Imperial Japanese Military also called the Army General Staff was one of the four principal agencies charged with overseeing the Imperial Japanese Army. The, more popularly known as the Ministry of War of Japan was the Cabinet -level ministry from 1872-1945 in charge with administration of the Imperial Japanese Army The Imperial Japanese Army ( IJA) ( Kyūjitai: 大日本帝國陸軍 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国陸軍 Romaji: Dai-Nippon Teikoku World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including As War Minister in 1937, he was one of the principal architects of the China Incident or second Sino-Japanese War. The Marco Polo Bridge Incident ( 盧溝橋事變; also known as 七七事變 七七盧溝橋事變 or the Lugouqiao Incident) was a Battle between Later, as Army Chief of Staff in 1940 and 1941, he was a leading advocate of expansion into Southeast Asia and later preventive war against the United States. A Preventive war or Preventative war is a War initiated under the belief that future conflict is inevitable though not imminent
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Biography
Born to a former samurai family from Kokura (now part of Kitakyushu City), Fukuoka Prefecture, Sugiyama was commissioned as a lieutenant in the infantry in 1901 after graduation from the 12th class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy, and served in the Russo-Japanese War. is the term for the military nobility of Pre-industrial Japan. is an ancient Castle town and the center of Kitakyūshū, Japan, guarding via its suburb Moji, the Straits of Shimonoseki between Honshū is a city located in Fukuoka prefecture, Kyūshū, Japan. It is midway between Tokyo and Shanghai. WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> is a prefecture of Japan located on Kyūshū Island. Lieutenant (abbreviated Lt or Lieut) is a Military, Naval, Paramilitary, Fire service, Emergency medical services The Infantry is the oldest and most numerous of the Combat Arms in the Armed forces, and consists The was the principal officer's training school for the Imperial Japanese Army. The Russo-Japanese War (日露戦争 Romaji: Nichi-Ro Sensō Русско-японская война Russko-Yaponskaya Voyna;, 10 February 1904 – 5 September [1]
After graduating from the 22nd class of he Army Staff College in 1910 and serving on the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff, Sugiyama was posted as military attaché to the Philippines and Singapore in 1912. This article deals with the Empire of Japan's Army War College also called the Army General Staff was one of the four principal agencies charged with overseeing the Imperial Japanese Army. A military attaché is a Military Expert who is part of a Diplomatic mission; this post is normally filled by a high-ranking officer The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Singapore Promoted to major in 1913, he was posted again as military attaché to British India in 1915. Major is a Military rank the use of which varies according to country For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British During this time, he also visited Germany, and became acquainted with the use of aircraft in combat in World War I. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All
On his return, Sugiyama was promoted to lieutenant colonel, and commander of the 2nd Air Battalion in December 1918. Lieutenant Colonel ( Lieutenant-Colonel in English from the French grade 's spelling is a rank of Commissioned officer in the armies He was a strong proponent of military aviation, and after his promotion to colonel in 1921, became the first head of the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service in 1922. Military aviation is the use of Aircraft and other flying machines for the purposes of conducting or enabling warfare including national airlift ( Cargo) capacity Colonel ( RP ˈkɜnəl GA ˈkɜrnəl is a Military rank of a Commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every country The (IJAAF was the land-based Aviation force of the Imperial Japanese Army.
In May 1925, Sugiyama became a major general and acting Vice War Minister in June 1930. Major General or Major-General is a Military rank used in many countries In August, he became Vice War Minister and a lieutenant general. Lieutenant General is a Military rank used in many countries The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the [2] He returned to command the expanded Imperial Japanese Army Air Service in March 1933. Sugiyama was promoted to full general in November 1936.
Second Sino-Japanese War
Shortly after the February 26 Incident, Sugiyama became Minister of War. The, or "2-2-6 incident", was an attempted Coup d'état in Japan, on 26 – 29 February 1936, launched by the radical The, more popularly known as the Ministry of War of Japan was the Cabinet -level ministry from 1872-1945 in charge with administration of the Imperial Japanese Army Under his tenure, the situation between Japanese forces in Manchukuo and China became more severe, cumulating with the Marco Polo Bridge Incident and the invasion of Shanxi Province. Manchukuo (ja [[wikt満州国 満州国]] Manshūkoku lit "State of Manchuria " was a Puppet state in Manchuria and eastern China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Marco Polo Bridge Incident ( 盧溝橋事變; also known as 七七事變 七七盧溝橋事變 or the Lugouqiao Incident) was a Battle between ( Postal map spelling: Shansi) is a province in the northern part of the People's Republic of China.
Sugiyama briefly accepted a field command as commanding general of North China Area Army and the Mongolia Garrison Army in December 1938. The was a Field army of the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The was an army of the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II.
World War II
On his return to Japan, Sugiyama was briefly appointed head of Yasukuni Shrine in 1939. is a Shinto shrine located in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. It is dedicated to the Kami (spirits of Soldiers On 3 September 1940, he succeeded elderly Prince Kan'in Kotohito as Chief of the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. was the 6th head of a cadet branch the Japanese imperial family, and a career army officer who served as Chief of the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff from 1931 to also called the Army General Staff was one of the four principal agencies charged with overseeing the Imperial Japanese Army. He was one of the leading Army officers lobbying for war with the West. However, on 5 September 1941, on the verge of the war against the United States and Great Britain, he was severely berated by Emperor Hirohito for having earlier predicted in 1937 that Japanese invasion of China would be completed within three months, and challenged over his confidence in a quick victory over the Western powers. Events 1590 - Alexander Farnese 's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands also known as, (April 29 1901 – January 7 1989 was the 124th Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order reigning from December 25 1926 until his death China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National [3]
Sugiyama was awarded the honorary rank of field marshal in 1943. (also frequently translated as Field marshal) was the highest title in the prewar Imperial Japanese Military As the war fronts collapsed on all sides, Sugiyama was relieved of his post as Chief of the General Staff on 21 February 1944, by General Hideki Tojo (who continued to serve concurrently as Prime Minister). Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The is the usual English-language term used for the Head of government of Japan, although the literal translation of the Japanese name for the office is Prime
Sugiyama was appointed to the Inspector-general of Military Training, which was still one of the most prestigious positions in the Army. The was responsible for all non- Military aviation training of the Imperial Japanese Army. After Tojo’s ouster in 1944, Sugiyama again became Minister of War. In July 1945, he was asked to take command of the First Theatre Army, which directed defenses of the Japanese mainland against the anticipated Allied invasion. [4]
Ten days after the surrender of Japan, after finishing preparations for the final dissolution of the Imperial Japanese Army as dictated by the victorious Allied Powers, Sugiyama committed suicide by shooting himself four times in the chest with his revolver while seated at his desk in his office. The surrender of Japan in August 1945 brought World War II to a close The Allies of World War II were the countries officially opposed to the Axis powers during the Second World War. At home, his wife also killed herself. [5] His grave is at the Tama Cemetery, in Fuchu, Tokyo. is a city in Tokyo Metropolis Japan. As of 2003 the city has an estimated Population of 236491 and a Population density of 8060
Political career
Although never elected to political office, Sugiyama is regarded as a nationalist politician. The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation He started in the Toseiha faction, led by Kazushige Ugaki, with Koiso Kuniaki, Yoshijiro Umezu, Tetsuzan Nagata, and Hideki Tojo. was a Political faction in the Imperial Japanese Army, active in the 1920s and 1930s was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, and twice Governor-General of Korea. was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, Governor-General of Korea and 41st Prime Minister of Japan from 22 July 1944 to 7 April ( 4 January 1882 - 8 January 1949) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, famous as the victim of the Aizawa Incident of 1935 They opposed the radical Kodaha faction under Sadao Araki. The was a Political faction in the Imperial Japanese Army, active in the 1920s and 1930s largely supported by junior officers aiming to establish a military government and Baron was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army before World War II. Later both factions combined in the Imperial Way Faction movement, and Sugiyama became one of its ideological leaders. The was a Political faction in the Imperial Japanese Army, active in the 1920s and 1930s largely supported by junior officers aiming to establish a military government and
References
- ^ Budge, The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
- ^ Ammenthorp, The Generals of World War II
- ^ Bix, Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan
- ^ Frank, Downfall The End of the Japanese Empire
- ^ Chen, WW2 Database
Books
- Bix, Herbert P (2001). Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan. New York: Harper Perennial. ISBN 0-06-093130-2.
- Dupuy, Trevor N. (1992). The Harper Encyclopedia of Military Biography. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc. ISBN 0-7858-0437-4.
- Frank, Richard B. (1999). Downfall: the End of the Imperial Japanese Empire. Penguin, non-classics. ISBN 0-14-100146-1.
- Fuller, Richard (1992). Shokan: Hirohito's Samurai. London: Arms and Armor. ISBN 1-85409-151-4.
- Hayashi, Saburo; Cox, Alvin D (1959). Kogun: The Japanese Army in the Pacific War. Quantico, VA: The Marine Corps Association. .
External links
- Ammenthorp, Steen. Sugoyama Hajime. The Generals of World War II.
- Budge, Kent. Sugiyama Gen. Pacific War Online Encyclopedia.
- Chen, Peter. Sugiyama Hajima. WW2 Database.
| Preceded by Kōtarō Nakamura |
War Minister Feb 1937-June 1938 |
Succeeded by Itagaki Seishiro |
| Preceded by Prince Kan'in Kotohito |
Chief of Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Oct 1940 – Feb 1944 |
Succeeded by Tojo Hideki |
| Preceded by Tojo Hideki |
War Minister Jul 1944-Apr 1945 |
Succeeded by Anami Korechika |
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