Citizendia

Haida
X̲aat Kíl
Spoken in:Canada (Haida Gwaii / Queen Charlotte Islands), Alaska (Prince of Wales Island)
Total speakers:First language: 45
Second language: 275 
Ranking:Endangered
Language family:language isolate
 Haida 
Writing system:Latin alphabet 
Official status
Official language in:Council of the Haida Nation
Regulated by:No official regulation
Language codes
ISO 639-1:none
ISO 639-2:none
ISO 639-3:hai 
Pre-European distribution of Haida
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The Queen Charlotte Islands or Haida Gwaii ("Islands of the People" and originally in Haida, Xhaaidlagha Gwaayaai ("islands on Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent For other islands named after the Prince of Wales see Prince of Wales Island. This is a list of languages, ordered by the number of native-language speakers, with some data for second-language use List of language familiesA language family is a group of Languages related by descent from a common ancestor called the Proto-language of that family A language isolate, in the absolute sense is a Natural language with no demonstrable genealogical (or "genetic" relationship with other living languages that is A writing system is a type of Symbolic system used to represent elements or statements expressible in Language. The Council of the Haida Nation is the Tribal Council of the Haida. This is a list of bodies that regulate Standard languages Natural languages Auxiliary languages Interlingua The auxiliary language ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages ISO 639 -3 (ISO 639-32007 is an international standard for Language codes The standard describes three‐letter codes for identifying languages In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's

The Haida language (X̲aat Kíl, X̲aadas Kíl, X̲aayda Kil) is the language of the Haida people. The Haida (19th C-early 20th C Indigenous nation of the west coast of North America. It contains eight vowels and well over 30 consonants. In Phonetics, a vowel is a Sound in spoken Language, such as English ah! or oh!, pronounced with an open Vocal tract In Articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a Speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the upper Vocal tract, the upper vocal Formerly linked to the Na-Dené languages[1], it is usually considered to be a language isolate,[2] especially now that the Na-Dené languages have been linked to Yeniseian in Siberia. A language isolate, in the absolute sense is a Natural language with no demonstrable genealogical (or "genetic" relationship with other living languages that is The Yeniseian Language family (sometimes known as Yeniseic or Yenisei-Ostyak; occasionally spelt with - ss - is spoken in central Siberia [3] In addition to finding the link between Yeniseian and Na-Dené compelling, this seminar came to the conclusion that the comparison "shows conclusively that Haida, sometimes associated with Na-Dene, is not related. "[3]

While approximately one hundred years ago the entire Haida population was fluent[4], today the Haida language is extremely endangered, with only about 45 native speakers,[5] nearly all of whom are older adults. [6][7] Although the number of native speakers has diminished along the years, according to a 2001 Canadian Census there are now about 275 speakers in British Columbia alone,[4] and with revived interest in the language, this figure is expected to grow. The Census in Canada began with the country's first census in 1666. British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C

Currently Haida citizens and friends in all three dialect communities are working to revitalizing the language. In Skidegate, fluent speakers gather on a daily basis to work on the southern or Skidegate dialect and have produced a large series of recordings. Skidegate (/ˈskɪdəgət/ is a Haida community in the Queen Charlotte Islands ( Haida Gwaii) in In Masset, a group of younger learners is working with their fluent elders to reintegrate the northern or Masset dialect into their daily lives. Masset ( is a village in the Queen Charlotte Islands ( Haida Gwaii) in British Columbia, Canada. In Alaska, the community conducts regular language classes for teens and adults, and has built a website complete with on-line recordings of the Kaigani dialect.

Contents

Sounds

Consonants

 BilabialAlveolarPostalveolar
/ palatal		VelarUvularEpi-
glottal		Glottal
centrallateral
Plosiveplain1b̥d̥  g̊ɢ̥ ʔ
aspiratedpʰtʰ  kʰqʰ  
ejectivep’t’  k’q’  
Affricatelenis  d̥͡l²d̥͡ʒ̊    
fortis t͡st͡ɬʰt͡ʃ³  ʡ͡ʜ 
ejective t͡s’t͡ɬ’t͡ʃ’    
Fricativevoiceless sɬ xχʜ4h
Nasalplainmn  ŋ   
glottalizedmˀnˀ     
Approximantplain  ɫjw   
glottalized  lˀ    
  1. Inside words, the plain stops can be voiced. In Phonetics, a bilabial consonant is a Consonant articulated with both Lips The bilabial consonants identified by the International Phonetic Alphabet Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior Alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli (the sockets Postalveolar consonants are Consonants articulated with the tongue near or touching the back of the Alveolar ridge, placing them a bit further back in the Palatal consonants are Consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the Hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth Uvulars are Consonants articulated with the back of the Tongue against or near the uvula, that is further back in the mouth than Velar consonants An epiglottal consonant is a Consonant that is articulated with the Aryepiglottic folds (see Larynx) against the Epiglottis. Glottal consonants are Consonants articulated with the Glottis. A central or medial consonant is a Consonant sound that is produced when air flows across the center of the mouth over the tongue Laterals are "L"-like Consonants pronounced with an occlusion made somewhere along the axis of the tongue while air from the lungs escapes at one side or both A stop, plosive, or occlusive is a Consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the Vocal tract. Description Voiceless consonants are produced with the Vocal cords open and voiced consonants are produced when the vocal folds are fractionally closed In Phonetics, ejective consonants are Voiceless Consonants that are pronounced with simultaneous closure of the Glottis. Affricate Consonants begin as stops (most often an alveolar, such as or) but release as a fricative (such as or or occasionally into Fortis ( Latin "strong" and lenis ("weak" are linguistic terms Fortis ( Latin "strong" and lenis ("weak" are linguistic terms Fricatives are Consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together A nasal consonant (also called nasal stop or nasal continuant) is produced with a lowered velum in the mouth allowing air to escape freely through the A glottalic consonant is a Consonant produced with some important contribution (a movement a closure of the Glottis (the opening that leads from the nose and mouth Approximants are speech sounds ( Phonemes) that could be regarded as intermediate between Vowels and typical Consonants In the articulation of approximants
  2. Technically [d̥͡l] is not an affricate; it is released as an approximant rather than a fricative.
  3. For some speakers, [t͡ʃ] occurs only at the beginning of syllables, while [t͡s] does not occur there. They are the same phoneme. The phoneME project is Sun Microsystems reference implementation of Java virtual machine and associated libraries of Java ME with source licensed under the GNU A similar situation applies with [t͡s’] and [t͡ʃ’].
  4. Instead of an epiglottal fricative, the Masset dialect uses an epiglottal trill. Epiglottal consonants are often allophonically trilled and in some languages the trill is the primary realization of the consonant

Tone

Haida features phonemic tone, the nature of which differs by dialect. Tone is the use of pitch in Language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning—that is to distinguish or inflect words In Kaigani the system is one of pitch accent, with at most one syllable per word featuring high tone; in Masset and Skidegate tone is contrastive in heavy syllables. Pitch accent is a linguistic term of convenience for a variety of restricted tone systems that use variations in pitch to give prominence to a Syllable In Linguistics, syllable weight is the concept that syllables pattern together according to the number and/or duration of segments in the rime. All the above systems feature two tones: high and low.

References

  1. ^ Dene-Yeniseic Symposium, February 2008 (10 February 2008). Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-03-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger
  2. ^ Schoonmaker, Peter K. ; Bettina Von Hagen, Edward C. Wolf (1997). The Rain Forests of Home: Profile Of A North American Bioregion. Island Press, 257. ISBN 1559634804.  
  3. ^ a b Dene-Yeniseic Symposium.
  4. ^ a b UBC World Language Fair’s HAIDA webpage. Retrieved on 2008-05-23. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne
  5. ^ Alaska Native Language Population and Speaker Statistics (1 January 1999). New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Retrieved on 2008-03-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger
  6. ^ Ethnologue report for language code:hdn. Retrieved on 2008-03-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger
  7. ^ Haida Language Mainpage. Retrieved on 2008-05-23. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne

External links

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