Haha-jima (母島, also "Hahashima", etc. ), meaning "Mother Island" in Japanese, is the second-largest island of the Ogasawara Islands or Bonin Islands south of the Japanese main island chain. is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities An island (ˈaɪlənd or isle (/ˈaɪl/ is any piece of land that is completely surrounded by water in two dimensions above high tide and isolated from other significant For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. It is about 21 km² in area.
The highest points are Mt. Chibusa (Chibusa-san), approximately 462m, and Mt. Sakaigatake (Sakaigatake-san), 443m. The largest island of the group, Chichi-jima ("Father Island") is approximately 50km to the North. ChichijimaportJPG|right|250px|thumb|Futami Harbor the port at Chichi-jima]] formerly known as Peel Island, is the largest Island in the Ogasawara archipelago Together with nearby smaller islands like the Elder and Younger Sister Islands Ane-jima and Imōto-jima and Mukō-jima, Haha-jima forms the Haha-jima Rettō (母島列島), Haha-jima Group, or in former times, Baily Group. Administratively, Chichi-jima and Haha-jima form the Ogasawara Village.
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History
Haha-jima was originally called Coffin Island or Hillsborough Island and settled by Europeans before becoming part of Japan. In World War II, the Japanese government removed the locals and fortified the island; it was the target of several attacks by US forces during World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including What is left of the defense works is now one of the tourist attractions of the island. The island can be reached by ferry in about 2 hours from Chichi-jima. The economy of Haha-jima is based on fishing, as well as a state-run rum distillery. For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. Rum is a Distilled beverage made from Sugarcane by-products such as Molasses and sugarcane Juice by a process of fermentation
Today Haha-jima has a population of 440, but the population was 1,546 in 1904 and 1,905 in 1940. There is one road from the (now-abandoned) village of Kita (Kita-mura, 北村) at the north end of the island to the village of Oki (Oki-mura, 沖村) at the southern end of the island, where the harbor is located. Ogasawara Village operates the island's public elementary and junior high schools. Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of Education operates Ogasawara High School[1] on nearby Chichi-jima. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of Education (東京都教育委員会 Tōkyō-to Kyōiku Iinkai) is the board of education in Tokyo, Japan. ChichijimaportJPG|right|250px|thumb|Futami Harbor the port at Chichi-jima]] formerly known as Peel Island, is the largest Island in the Ogasawara archipelago
Ecology
Haha-jima is noted among malacologists for its endemic land snail fauna. Malacology is the branch of Invertebrate Zoology which deals with the study of Mollusks the second-largest Phylum of animals in terms of described Endemism is the Ecological state of being unique to a place Endemic species are not naturally found elsewhere The word snail is a Common name that can be used for almost all members of the Molluscan class Gastropoda which have coiled shells in the Fauna is all of the Animal life of any particular region or time Due to widespread presence of invasive species like goats (which destroy habitat) and rodents, flatworms and the Rosy Wolfsnail (which eat the native snails), it was feared that many of the endemics are extinct. Introduced species|Weed Invasive species is a phrase with several definitions The domestic goat ( Capra aegagrus hircus) is a subspecies of goat Domesticated from the Wild goat of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe A habitat (which is Latin for "it inhabits" is an Ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular Species. Rodentia is an order of Mammals also known as rodents, characterised by two continuously-growing incisors in the upper and lower jaws which must The flatworms (Phylum Platyhelminthes from the Greek πλατύ platy, meaning "flat" and ἕλμινς (root ἑλμινθ- helminth- The rosy wolfsnail or the cannibal snail, Euglandina rosea, is a Species of large Predatory air-breathing land Snail, a In Biology and Ecology, extinction is the cessation of existence of a Species or group of taxa. [1]
But most if not all of these seem to persist on the remote Higashizaki peninsula on the eastern coast. This is a quite pristine expanse of ground, scenic but very hard to reach (one has to climb Mt. Chibusa before descending to the peninsula). It consists of sheer seacliffs surrounding a plateau with Chinese Fan Palm (Livistona chinensis), pandanus and broadleaf (e. Pandanus is a Genus of Monocots with about 600 known Species. g. Persea kobu, a wild avocado) forest, and appears to be untouched by invasive species at present. The avocado ( Persea americana) (from Nahuatl āhuacatl) also known as aguacate ( Spanish) butter pear or It has been proposed that access to the area should be monitored, so that visitors will not inadvertently help destroy this unique place. [1]
Snails
All of these snails are endemic at least to the Ogasawara Islands.
- Boninena callistoderma - Endangered, now restricted to Haha-jima and nearby Ane-jima[1]
- Gastrocopta boninensis - Vulnerable
- Hirasea acutissima - Endangered (believed extinct, rediscovered 2003), endemic to Haha-jima[1]
- Lamellidea biplicata - Vulnerable
- Lamprocystis hahajimana - Endangered
- Mandarina hahajimana - Data deficient, possibly a new taxon[1]
- Mandarina polita - Data deficient
- Ogasawarana yoshiwarana - Critically endangered (believed extinct, rediscovered 2003), endemic to Haha-jima[1]
- Ogasawarana arata - Data deficient
- Paludinella minima - Data deficient
- Ptychalaea dedecora - Vulnerable
- Tornatellides tryoni
Birds
Among birds, the Bonin White-eye (Apalopteron familiare), a gaudy-colored passerine, seems to occur nowhere else anymore than on Haha-jima. UserPolbot. --> Boninena callistoderma is a species of Gastropod in the Enidae family An endangered species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming Extinct because it is either few in numbers or threatened by changing environmental or predation UserPolbot. --> Gastrocopta boninensis is a species of Gastropod in the Pupillidae family UserPolbot. --> Hirasea acutissima is a Species of air-breathing land Snail, a terrestrial In Biology and Ecology, extinction is the cessation of existence of a Species or group of taxa. UserPolbot. --> Lamellidea biplicata is a species of Gastropod in the Achatinellidae family A vulnerable species is a Species which is likely to become endangered unless the circumstances threatening its survival and reproduction improve UserPolbot. --> Lamprocystis hahajimana is a species of Gastropod in the Euconulidae family UserPolbot. --> Mandarina hahajimana is a species of Gastropod in the Camaenidae family Data Deficient ( DD) is a category applied by the IUCN to a species when the available information is not sufficient for a proper assessment of Conservation status A taxon (plural taxa) or taxonomic unit, is a name designating an organism or a group of Organisms In Biological nomenclature according to UserPolbot. --> Mandarina polita is a species of Gastropod in the Camaenidae family UserPolbot. --> Ogasawarana yoshiwarana is a Species of land snail with an operculum, a terrestrial Organisms with a conservation status of critically endangered have an extremely high risk of becoming extinct In Biology and Ecology, extinction is the cessation of existence of a Species or group of taxa. UserPolbot. --> Ogasawarana arata is a species of Gastropod in the Helicinidae family UserPolbot. --> Paludinella minima is a species of Gastropod in the Hydrobiidae family UserPolbot. --> Ptychalaea dedecora is a Species of very small terrestrial Pulmonate Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. The Bonin White-eye Apalopteron familiare or is a small yellow and grey bird endemic to the Ogasawara Islands (formerly Bonin Islands of Japan The extinct Bonin Grosbeak (Chaunoproctus ferreorostris) is sometimes said to have occurred in the Hahajima Group (though not on Haha-jima itself) but this seems to be false. The Bonin Grosbeak or Bonin Islands Grosbeak ( Chaunoproctus ferreorostris) is an Extinct Finch, the only species of the Genus Columba janthina nitens, the Ogasawara subspecies of the Japanese Wood-pigeon, used to occur on Haha-jima While it is not precisely known when it vanished from this island, the taxon apparently became completely extinct in the 1980s. In Zoology, as in other branches of Biology, subspecies is the Taxonomic rank immediately subordinate to a Species. UserPolbot. --> The Japanese Wood-pigeon ( Columba janthina) is a species of Bird in the Columbidae A taxon (plural taxa) or taxonomic unit, is a name designating an organism or a group of Organisms In Biological nomenclature according to
Footnotes
References
- Chiba, Satoshi; Davison, Angus & Mori, Hideaki (2007): Endemic Land Snail Fauna (Mollusca) on a Remote Peninsula in the Ogasawara Archipelago, Northwestern Pacific. Pacific Science 61(2): 257–265. DOI: 10. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. 2984/1534-6188(2007)61[257:ELSFMO]2. 0. CO;2 HTML abstract
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