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Hagen Kleinert, Photo taken in 2006
Hagen Kleinert, Photo taken in 2006

Hagen Kleinert is Professor of Theoretical Physics at the Free University of Berlin, Germany (since 1968), Honorary Professor at the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, and Honorary Member of the Russian Academy of Creative Endeavors. Theoretical physics employs Mathematical models and Abstractions of Physics in an attempt to explain experimental data taken of the natural world The Free University of Berlin ( FU Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin is the second largest of the four Universities in Berlin. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. For his contributions to particle and solid state physics he was awarded the Max Born prize 2008 with Medal. The Max-Born-Prize is a scientific prize awarded yearly by the German Physical Society and the British Institute of Physics in memory of the German physicist

Kleinert has written more than 370 papers on mathematical physics and the physics of elementary particles, nuclei, solid state, liquid crystals, biomembranes, microemulsions, polymers, and theory of financial markets. Mathematical physics is the scientific discipline concerned with the interface of Mathematics and Physics. Physics (Greek Physis - φύσις in everyday terms is the Science of Matter and its motion. In Particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a particle not known to have substructure that is it is not known to be made The nucleus of an Atom is the very dense region consisting of Nucleons ( Protons and Neutrons, at the center of an atom A solid' object is in the States of matter characterized by resistance to Deformation and changes of Volume. Liquid crystals are substances that exhibit a phase of matter that has properties between those of a conventional Liquid, and those of a Solid MembraneA biological membrane or biomembrane is an enclosing or separating Amphipathic layer that acts as a barrier within or around a cell. Microemulsions are clear stable Isotropic liquid mixtures of oil water and Surfactant, frequently in combination with a cosurfactant A polymer is a large Molecule ( Macromolecule) composed of repeating Structural units typically connected by Covalent Chemical bonds In Economics, a financial market is a mechanism that allows people to easily buy and sell ( Trade) financial Securities (such as stocks and bonds He has written several books on theoretical physics. His most notable book Path Integrals in Quantum Mechanics, Statistics, Polymer Physics, and Financial Market has been published in four editions since 1990 with the latest two editions including chapters on the application of path integrals in financial markets. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) This article is about a formulation of quantum mechanics For integrals along a path also known as line or contour integrals see Line integral. This book has received enthusiastic reviews[1].

After his first years as a student at Universität Hannover and Georgia Institute of Technology, he learned as a graduate student General Relativity from George Gamov, one of the fathers of the Big Bang theory. The University of Hanover, officially the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover or LUH, is a University located in Hanover, The Georgia Institute of Technology, commonly known as Georgia Tech, or Tech, is a public, Coeducational Research university in General relativity or the general theory of relativity is the geometric theory of Gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1916 George Gamow (pronounced as ˈgamof ( March 4, 1904 &ndash August 19, 1968), born Georgiy Antonovich Gamov (Георгий Антонович The Big Bang is the cosmological model of the Universe that is best supported by all lines of scientific evidence and Observation. As a young professor in 1972, Kleinert visited Caltech and was impressed by noted US physicist Richard Feynman. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The California Institute of Technology (commonly referred to as Caltech) is a private, Coeducational research university located in Pasadena Richard Phillips Feynman (ˈfaɪnmən May 11 1918 – February 15 1988 was an American Physicist known for the Path integral formulation of quantum He discovered how to use Feynman's path integrals to solve the path integral of the hydrogen atom[2][3]. This article is about a formulation of quantum mechanics For integrals along a path also known as line or contour integrals see Line integral. Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 This work greatly extended the applicable range of Feynman's techniques. Later, Kleinert was to collaborate with Feynman in some of the latter's last work[4]. This has led to a mathematical method for converting divergent weak-coupling power series into convergent strong-coupling ones. In Mathematics, a power series (in one variable is an Infinite series of the form f(x = \sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n \left( x-c \right^n = a_0 + In the absence of a more specific context convergence denotes the approach toward a definite value as time goes on or to a definite point a common view or opinion or This so-called Variational Perturbation Theory yields at present the most accurate theory of critical exponents[5] observable close to second-order phase transitions, as confirmed for superfluid helium in satellite experiments[6]. In Thermodynamics, phase transition or phase change is the transformation of a thermodynamic system from one phase to another Superfluidity is a phase of matter or description of Heat capacity in which unusual effects are observed when Liquids, typically of Helium-4

Within the quantum field theories of quarks he found the origin[7] of the algebra of Regge residues conjectured by N. Cabibbo, L. Nicola Cabibbo (born 10 April 1935) is an Italian Physicist, best known for work on the Weak nuclear interaction. Horwitz, and Y. Ne'eman (see p.232 in Ref. Yuval Ne'eman (יובל נאמן born 14 May 1925, died 26 April 2006) was an Israeli Soldier, physicist [8]).

Together with K. Maki he clarified the structure of the icosahedral phase of quasicrystals[9]. Quasicrystals are structural forms that are both ordered and nonperiodic

For superconductors he predicted in 1982 a tricritical point in the phase diagram between type-I and type-II superconductors where the order of the transition changes from second to first[10]. Superconductivity is a phenomenon occurring in certain Materials generally at very low Temperatures characterized by exactly zero electrical resistance In Physical chemistry, Mineralogy, and Materials science, a phase diagram is a type of graph used to show the equilibrium conditions The predictions were confirmed in 2002 by Monte Carlo computer simulations[11]. A computer simulation, a computer model or a computational model is a Computer program, or network of computers that attempts to simulate an

The theory is based on a new disorder field theory, which Kleinert developed in the books on Gauge Fields in Condensed Matter (see below). In this theory, the statistical properties of fluctuating vortex or defect lines are described as elementary excitations with the help pf fields, whose Feynman diagrams are the pictures of the lines. V erification of the O rigins of R otation in T ornadoes Ex periment or VORTEX, is a field project that seeks to understand how a Crystalline solids have a very regular atomic structure that is the local positions of atoms with respect to each other are repeated at the atomic scale Motivation and history When calculating Scattering cross sections in Particle physics, the interaction between particles can be described The disorder field theory is a dual version of the order field theory of L.D. Landau for phase transitions. In Thermodynamics, phase transition or phase change is the transformation of a thermodynamic system from one phase to another Lev Davidovich Landau ( Russian language: Ле́в Дави́дович Ланда́у ( January 22, 1908 &ndash April 1, 1968 In Thermodynamics, phase transition or phase change is the transformation of a thermodynamic system from one phase to another

At the 1978 summer school in Erice he proposed the existence of broken supersymmetry in atomic nuclei[12], which has meanwhile been observed experimentally[13]. For the Spanish film director see Victor Erice. Erice ('ɛriʧe Èrici is a historic Town in the province of Trapani In Particle physics, supersymmetry (often abbreviated SUSY) is a Symmetry that relates elementary particles of one spin to another particle that

His theory of collective quantum fields[14] and the Hadronization of Quark Theories[15] are prototypes for numerous developments in the theory of condensed matter, nuclear and elementary particle physics. Condensed matter physics is the field of Physics that deals with the macroscopic physical properties of Matter. Nuclear physics is the field of Physics that studies the building blocks and interactions of Atomic nuclei. Particle physics is a branch of Physics that studies the elementary constituents of Matter and Radiation, and the interactions between them

In 1986 he introduced[16] stiffness into the theory of strings, which normally possess only tension. String theory is a still-developing scientific approach to Theoretical physics, whose original building blocks are one-dimensional extended objects called strings In this way he greatly improved the physical properties of strings. Since the Russian physicist A. Polyakov proposed simultaneously a similar extension, the result is called the Polyakov-Kleinert string. Alexander M Polyakov (born 27 September 1945) is a theoretical Physicist, formerly at the Landau Institute in Moscow, currently

Together with A. Chervyakov developed an extension of the theory of distributions from linear spaces to semigroups by defining also their products uniquely (in the mathematical theory, only linear combinations are defined). In Mathematical analysis, distributions (also known as generalized functions) are objects which generalize functions and Probability distributions The extension became possible by the physical requirement that the path integrals must be invariant under coordinate transformations[17]. This article is about a formulation of quantum mechanics For integrals along a path also known as line or contour integrals see Line integral. This property is necessary for the equivalence of the path integral formulation to Schrödinger theory. This article is about a formulation of quantum mechanics For integrals along a path also known as line or contour integrals see Line integral.

As an alternative to string theory, Kleinert used the complete analogy between non-Euclidean geometry and the geometry of crystals with defects to construct a model of the universe called World Crystal or Planck-Kleinert crystal which has, at distances of the Planck length, quite a different physics than string theory. String theory is a still-developing scientific approach to Theoretical physics, whose original building blocks are one-dimensional extended objects called strings In mathematics non-Euclidean geometry describes how this all works--> hyperbolic and Elliptic geometry, which are contrasted with Euclidean geometry Crystalline solids have a very regular atomic structure that is the local positions of atoms with respect to each other are repeated at the atomic scale Theoretical models of the universe are valid only at large distances The Planck length, denoted by \scriptstyle\ell_P \, is the unit of Length approximately 1 In this model, matter creates defects in spacetime which generate curvature and all the effects of general relativity. General relativity or the general theory of relativity is the geometric theory of Gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1916 This theory inspired Italian artist Laura Pesce to create glass sculptures entitled "world crystal" (see also lower left on this page).

Kleinert is a senior member of the faculty for the International Relativistic Astrophysics Ph. D. (IRAP) Project, which forms part of the internationalö network for astrophysics [1]. He was also involved in the European Science Foundation's project Cosmology in the Laboratory. The European Science Foundation (ESF is an association of 77 member organisations devoted to scientific research in 30 European countries

References

  1. ^ Henry B. I. (2007). "Book Reviews". Australian Physics 44 (3): 110.  
  2. ^ Duru I. H. , Kleinert H. (1979). "Solution of the path integral for the H-atom". Physics Letters B 84 (2): 185-188. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(79)90280-6. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  
  3. ^ Duru I. H. , Kleinert H. (1982). "Quantum Mechanics of H-Atom from Path Integrals". Fortschr. Phys 30 (2): 401-435.  
  4. ^ Feynman R.P., Kleinert H. Richard Phillips Feynman (ˈfaɪnmən May 11 1918 – February 15 1988 was an American Physicist known for the Path integral formulation of quantum (1986). "Effective classical partition functions". Physical Review A 34: 5080-5084. Physical Review (frequently abbreviated as Phys Rev) is one of the oldest and most-respected Scientific journals publishing research on all aspects of doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.34.5080. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  
  5. ^ Kleinert, H. , "Critical exponents from seven-loop strong-coupling φ4 theory in three dimensions". Physical Review D 60, 085001 (1999)
  6. ^ Lipa J. Physical Review (frequently abbreviated as Phys Rev) is one of the oldest and most-respected Scientific journals publishing research on all aspects of A. (2003). "Specific heat of liquid helium in zero gravity very near the lambda point". Physical Review B 68: 174518. Physical Review (frequently abbreviated as Phys Rev) is one of the oldest and most-respected Scientific journals publishing research on all aspects of doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.68.1745. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  
  7. ^ Kleinert H. (1973). "Bilocal Form Factors and Regge Couplings". Nucl. Physics B65: 77-111. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(73)90276-9. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  
  8. ^ Ne'eman Y, Reddy V. T. N. (1981). "Universality in the Algebra of Vertex Strengths as Generated by Bilocal Currents". Nucl. Phys. B 84: 221-233. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(75)90547-7. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  
  9. ^ Kleinert H. , Maki K. (1981). "Lattice Textures in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals". Fortschritte der Physik 29: 219-259.  
  10. ^ Kleinert H. (1982). "Disorder Version of the Abelian Higgs Model and the Order of the Superconductive Phase Transition". Lett. Nuovo Cimento 35: 405-412.  
  11. ^ Hove J. , Mo S. , Sudbo A. (2002). "Vortex interactions and thermally induced crossover from type-I to type-II superconductivity". Phys. Rev. B 66: 064524. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.66.064524. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  
  12. ^ Ferrara S. , Discussion Section of 1978 Erice Lecture publ. in (1980). "The New Aspects of Subnuclear Physics". Plenum Press, N. Y. , Zichichi A. ed. : 40.  
  13. ^ Metz A. , Jolie J. , Graw G. , Hertenberger R. , Gröger J. , Günther C. , Warr N. , Eisermann Y. (1999). "Evidence for the Existence of Supersymmetry in Atomic Nuclei". Phys. Rev. Lett. 83: 1542. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.1542. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  
  14. ^ Kleinert H. (1978). "Collective Quantum Fields". Fortschritte der Physik 36: 565-671.  
  15. ^ Kleinert H. , Lectures presented at the Erice Summer Institute 1976 (1978). "On the Hadronization of Quark Theories". Understanding the Fundamental Constituents of Matter, Plenum Press, New York, 1978 (A. Zichichi ed. ): pp. 289-390.  
  16. ^ Kleinert H. (1989). "The Membrane Properties of Condensing Strings". Phys. Lett. B 174: 335. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(86)91111-1. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  
  17. ^ Kleinert H. , Chervyakov A. (2001). "Rules for integrals over products of distributions from coordinate independence of path integrals". Europ. Phys. J. C 19: 743-747. doi:10.1007/s100520100600. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  

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