Haakon VII
King of Norway
Reign	November 18, 1905 – September 21, 1957 (51 years)
Coronation	June 22, 1906
Full name	Haakon, né Christian Frederik Carl Georg Valdemar Axel
Titles	HM The King of Norway HRH Prince Carl of Denmark
Born	August 3, 1872(1872-08-03)
Birthplace	Charlottenlund, Copenhagen
Died	September 21, 1957 (aged 85)
Place of death	Royal Palace, Oslo
Buried	Akershus Fortress, Oslo
Predecessor	Oscar II
Successor	Olav V
Consort	Maud of Wales
Issue	Olav V
Royal House	House of Oldenburg (Glücksburg branch)
Royal anthem	Kongesangen
Father	Frederick VIII
Mother	Lovisa of Sweden

Haakon VII (Prince Carl of Denmark, born Christian Frederik Carl Georg Valdemar Axel) (August 3, 1872 – September 21, 1957) was the first king of Norway after the 1905 dissolution of the personal union with Sweden. Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) The Royal Palace ( Norwegian: Slottet or formally Det kongelige slott) in Oslo was built in the first half of the 19th century as the Norwegian (called Christiania from 1624 to 1878 and Kristiania from 1878 to 1924 is the Capital and largest city of Norway. Akershus Fortress or Akershus Castle ( Akershus Festning, Akershus slott) is the old Castle built to protect Oslo, the capital (called Christiania from 1624 to 1878 and Kristiania from 1878 to 1924 is the Capital and largest city of Norway. Early life At his birth in Stockholm Oscar Frederik was created Duke of Östergötland. Olav V (2 July 1903 &ndash 17 January 1991 was the King of Norway from 1957 until his death Maud of Wales (Maud Charlotte Mary Victoria 26 November 1869 &ndash 20 November 1938) was Queen of Norway as spouse of King Olav V (2 July 1903 &ndash 17 January 1991 was the King of Norway from 1957 until his death Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (in Danish: Slesvig-Holsten-Sønderborg-Lyksborg) from Glücksburg in northernmost Germany Kongesangen is Norway 's Royal anthem. The lyrics come in several versions Frederik VIII (Christian Frederik Vilhelm Carl ( June 3, 1843 &ndash May 14, 1912) was King of Denmark from 1906 to 1912 Queen Louise of Denmark ( October 31, 1851 &mdash March 20, 1926) was a princess of Sweden and the Queen consort of Frederik Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional A personal union is the combination by which two different States are governed by the same Monarch, while their boundaries their laws and their interests remain distinct "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. As one of the few elected monarchs, Haakon quickly won the respect and affection of his people and played a pivotal role in uniting the Norwegian nation in its resistance to the attack and five-year-long Nazi occupation during World War II. Norwegian Resistance Movement (Norske Motstandsbevegelsen is a militant offshoot of the Swedish Resistance Movement, with its base in Norway Operation Weserübung was the codename for Nazi Germany 's assault on Denmark and Norway during World War II and the opening operation Starting with the invasion of April 9, 1940, Norway was under Military occupation of German forces and civil rule of a German World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Haakon is regarded as one of the greatest Norwegians of the twentieth century and is particularly revered for his courage during the German invasion and his leadership and preservation of Norwegian unity during the Nazi occupation. He died at the age of 85 in 1957, after having reigned for 52 years.

Early years as a Danish prince

Known in his youth as Prince Carl of Denmark (namesake of his maternal grandfather the King of Norway etc), he was the second son of the future King Frederick VIII of Denmark and a younger brother of the future King Christian X of Denmark. Frederik VIII (Christian Frederik Vilhelm Carl ( June 3, 1843 &ndash May 14, 1912) was King of Denmark from 1906 to 1912 The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Christian X (Christian Carl Frederik Albert Alexander Vilhelm ( 26 September 1870 &ndash 20 April 1947) was King of Denmark He personally became king of Norway before his father and brother became kings of Denmark. He was a paternal grandson of King Christian IX of Denmark (during whose reign he was prince of Denmark) and a maternal grandson of King Charles XV of Sweden, who was also king of Norway (as Charles IV). Christian IX ( April 8, 1818 - January 29, 1906) was King of Denmark from November 16, 1863 to January 29 Biography He was born in Stockholm Palace and dubbed Duke of Skåne at birth

Prince Carl was born in Charlottenlund. He belonged to the Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg branch of the House of Oldenburg. Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (in Danish: Slesvig-Holsten-Sønderborg-Lyksborg) from Glücksburg in northernmost Germany The House of Oldenburg is a North German dynasty and one of Europe 's most influential Royal Houses It first became royal when Count Christian I The House of Oldenburg had been the Danish royal family since 1448, and between 1536-1814, also ruled Norway when it was part of the Kingdom of Denmark-Norway. The Danish Royal Family includes The Queen of Denmark and her family Denmark–Norway ( Danish: Danmark-Norge Norwegian: Danmark-Norge or Danmark-Noreg is the historiographical name for a former political entity union The house was originally from northern Germany, where also the Glucksburg (Lyksborg) branch held their small fief. The family had permanent links with Norway already beginning from late Middle Ages, and also several of his paternal ancestors had been kings of independent Norway (Haakon V of Norway, Christian I of Norway, Frederick I, Christian III, Frederick II, Christian IV, as well as Frederick III of Norway who integrated Norway into the Oldenburg state with Denmark, Slesvig and Holstein, after which it was not independent until 1814). Haakon V Magnusson ( 1270 - May 8, 1319) was king of Norway from 1299 until 1319 Christian I (1426 &ndash 1481 Danish monarch and union king of Denmark (1448 &ndash 1481 Norway (1450 &ndash 1481 and Sweden (1457 &ndash Frederick I of Denmark and Norway ( October 7 1471 &ndash April 10 1533) was the son of the first Oldenburg King Christian Christian III ( August 12, 1503 &ndash January 1, 1559) king of Denmark and Norway, was the son of Frederick Frederick II ( 1 July 1534 &ndash 4 April 1588) King of Denmark and Norway from 1559 until his death Christian IV ( 12 April, 1577 &ndash 28 February, 1648) was the king of Denmark and Norway from 1588 until his death Frederick III ( March 18, 1609 &ndash February 19, 1670) was king of Denmark and Norway from 1648 until his death Holstein (ˈhɔlʃtain ( Low German: Holsteen, Danish: Holsten, Latin and historical English: Holsatia) Christian Frederick, who was King of Norway briefly in 1814, the first king of the Norwegian 1814 constitution and struggle for independence, was his great-granduncle.

Prince Carl was raised in the royal household in Copenhagen and educated at Royal Danish Naval Academy from which he graduated near the bottom of his class. The Royal Danish Naval Academy (known in Denmark as Søværnets Officersskole or more commonly Søofficerskolen) educates and commissions all officers He was a key witness in the scandal following the suicide of Kai Simonsen.

In 1896, Prince Carl married his first cousin Princess Maud of Wales, youngest daughter of the future King Edward VII of the United Kingdom and his wife, Princess Alexandra of Denmark, daughter of King Christian IX of Denmark and Princess Louise of Hesse-Cassel. Maud of Wales (Maud Charlotte Mary Victoria 26 November 1869 &ndash 20 November 1938) was Queen of Norway as spouse of King The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Alexandra of Denmark (Alexandra Carolina Marie Charlotte Louise Julia 1 December 1844 – 20 November 1925 was Queen Consort to Edward VII of the United Kingdom Louise of Hesse (Luise Wilhelmine Friederike Caroline Auguste Julie von Hessen-Kassel Louise Wilhelmine Frederikke Caroline Auguste Julie ( 7 September 1817, Their son, Prince Alexander, the future Crown Prince Olav and finally king Olav V of Norway, was born on July 2, 1903. Olav V (2 July 1903 &ndash 17 January 1991 was the King of Norway from 1957 until his death Events 310 - Pope Miltiades is elected 626 - In fear of assassination Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting

Accession to the Norwegian throne

The coronation of Haakon VII and Queen Maud on June 22, 1906

After the Union between Sweden and Norway was dissolved in 1905, a committee of the Norwegian government identified several members of European royalty as candidates for Norway's first king of its own in several centuries. Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (in Danish: Slesvig-Holsten-Sønderborg-Lyksborg) from Glücksburg in northernmost Germany Olav V (2 July 1903 &ndash 17 January 1991 was the King of Norway from 1957 until his death Olav V (2 July 1903 &ndash 17 January 1991 was the King of Norway from 1957 until his death Childhood and education When Prince Harald was born in Skaugum he was the first heir to the throne of Norway to be born in Norway for several hundred years Princess Ragnhild Mrs Lorentzen, Highness ( Ragnhild Alexandra, born Oslo, 9 June 1930) is the eldest daughter of King Olav Princess Astrid Mrs Ferner, Highness ( Astrid Maud Ingeborg, born Oslo, 12 February 1932 is the second daughter of King Olav V of Norway (1903&ndash1991 Childhood and education When Prince Harald was born in Skaugum he was the first heir to the throne of Norway to be born in Norway for several hundred years Princess Märtha Louise of Norway (born 22 September 1971 in Oslo) is the only daughter of King Harald V and Queen Sonja. Family and heritage Haakon's godparents are King Olav V of Norway, Princess Astrid of Norway, Prince Carl Bernadotte, King Carl XVI Gustaf Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway was born 21 January, 2004 at 913am in Rikshospitalet University Hospital in Oslo. Prince Sverre Magnus of Norway (born 3 December, 2005 in Oslo) is the second child of Haakon Magnus Crown Prince of Norway and his wife Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The Union between Sweden and Norway (Unionen mellan Sverige och Norge Unionen mellom Norge og Sverige or the Swedish-Norwegian Kingdom was the union of the kingdoms of Gradually, Prince Carl became the leading candidate, largely due to the fact that he was descended from independent Norwegian kings. He also had a son (and hence an heir to the throne), and Princess Maud's ties to the British royal family were viewed as advantageous to the newly-independent Norwegian nation.

The democratically-minded Carl, aware that Norway was still debating whether to retain its monarchy or to switch to a republican system of government, was flattered by the Norwegian government's overtures, but declined to accept the offer without a referendum to show whether monarchy was truly the choice of the Norwegian people. A republic is a State or Country that is not led by a hereditary Monarch, but in which the people (or at least a part of its people have impact on its

After the referendum overwhelmingly confirmed by 79 percent majority that Norwegians desired to retain a monarchy, Prince Carl was formally offered the throne of Norway by the Storting (parliament) on November 18, 1905. A referendum (plural referendums or referenda) ballot question, or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita The Storting ( Stortinget, literally "the Great Thing /Assembly" is the Norwegian Parliament, and is located in the capital city Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting When Carl accepted the offer that same evening (after the approval of his grandfather Christian IX of Denmark), he immediately endeared himself to his adopted country by taking the Old Norse name of Haakon, a name used by previous kings of Norway. Christian IX ( April 8, 1818 - January 29, 1906) was King of Denmark from November 16, 1863 to January 29 Old Norse is the North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age ^[1] In so doing, he succeeded his grand-uncle, Oscar II of Sweden, who had abdicated the Norwegian throne in October following the agreement between Sweden and Norway on the terms of the separation of the union. Early life At his birth in Stockholm Oscar Frederik was created Duke of Östergötland. Haakon's coronation took place in Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim on June 22, 1906. Vinterdomenjpg|thumb|right|View from the Elgeseter bridge]] Nidaros Cathedral (Nidarosdomen considered the most significant church of Norway, is located in (Trondhjem is a city and municipality in the county of Sør-Trøndelag, Norway. Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting

Resistance in World War II

Norway was invaded by the naval and air forces of Nazi Germany during the early hours of April 9, 1940. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Operation Weserübung was the codename for Nazi Germany 's assault on Denmark and Norway during World War II and the opening operation The Norwegian Campaign, lasting from 9 April to 10 June 1940, led to the first direct land confrontation between the military forces of the Allies The Elverum Authorization ("Elverumsfullmakten" was approved unanimously by the Norwegian Parliament on April 9, 1940 in the town of Elverum Midtskogen farm is situated approximately five kilometers west of the town Elverum at the mouth of the Østerdalen valley in southern Norway. The Battle of Vinjesvingen took place in May 1940 in Telemark county Norway. Starting with the invasion of April 9, 1940, Norway was under Military occupation of German forces and civil rule of a German Norwegian Resistance Movement (Norske Motstandsbevegelsen is a militant offshoot of the Swedish Resistance Movement, with its base in Norway During the German occupation of Norway in World War II the civilian occupying authorities with the Quisling regime and the German Wehrmacht operated a number of camps See also Time line of the Holocaust in Norway See also Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany In the middle of the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany Telavåg (sometimes spelled Tælavåg is a small village in the municipality of Sund, located 39 km south west of Bergen Norway, with a population of During the Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, the occupying powers imposed Martial law in Trondheim and surrounding areas effective October 6 1942 through October Festung Norwegen (Fortress Norway was the German term for the heavy defense and fortification system of Norway during the occupation of Norway by The Norwegian heavy water sabotage was a series of actions taken by Norwegian saboteurs during World War II to prevent the German nuclear energy project from acquiring When the German occupation of Norway ended in May of 1945 several thousand Norwegians and foreign citizens were tried and convicted for various acts that the occupying powers sanctioned Haakon VII (Prince Carl of Denmark born Christian Frederik Carl Georg Valdemar Axel) (3 August 1872 in Charlottenlund 21 September 1957 in Oslo) Johan Nygaardsvold (6 September 1879 - 13 March 1952 was a Norwegian politician from the Labour Party. Carl Joachim Hambro (usually CJ Hambro) ( January 5 1885 15 December 1964) was a leading Politician from the Carl Gustav Fleischer KCB ( 28 December 1883 - 19 December 1942) was a Norwegian General and the first Otto Ruge ( January 9, 1882 - 1961 was a Norwegian General. He was Commander-in-chief of the Royal Norwegian Armed Forces Jens Christian Hauge ( 15 May 1915 - 30 October 2006) was a Norwegian World War II resistance figure and politician Vidkun Abraham Lauritz Jonssøn Quisling (18 July 1887 – 24 October 1945 was a Norwegian army Officer and politician Jonas Lie (1899–1945 was a Norwegian councillor of state in the Nasjonal Samling government of Vidkun Quisling in 1940 then acting councillor of Sverre Parelius Riisnæs (1897–1988 was a Norwegian appointed councillor of state in the Nasjonal Samling government of Vidkun Quisling 1940–1941 Josef Antonius Heinrich Terboven ( May 23, 1898 - May 8, 1945) was a Nazi leader best known as the Reichskommissar (commissioner Wilhelm Rediess ( October 10, 1900 – May 8, 1945) was the SS and Police Leader during the German occupation of Norway Nikolaus von Falkenhorst ( January 17, 1885 &ndash June 18, 1968) was a German General who planned ' Operation Milorg (an acronym of the title Military Organisation mil itær org anisasjon was the main Norwegian resistance organisation in World War II. XU was a clandestine intelligence organisation working on behalf of Allied powers in occupied Norway during World War II. Norwegian Independent Company 1 (NORIC1 pronounced as Norisen in Norwegian wasa SOE group formed in March of 1941 originally for the purpose of performing commando The Norwegian Shipping and Trade Mission (Nortraship was established in London in April 1940 to administer the Norwegian merchant fleet outside German controlled areas Nasjonal Samling (Norwegian for "National Gathering" or "National Unification" hereafter abbreviated as NS was a fascist party in Norway Nasjonal Samling (Norwegian for "National Gathering" or "National Unification" hereafter abbreviated as NS was a fascist party in Norway Operation Weserübung was the codename for Nazi Germany 's assault on Denmark and Norway during World War II and the opening operation Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The German naval detachment sent to capture Oslo was challenged at Oscarsborg fortress. (called Christiania from 1624 to 1878 and Kristiania from 1878 to 1924 is the Capital and largest city of Norway. Oscarsborg Fortress ( Oscarsborg festning) is a coastal fortress in the Oslofjord, close to the small city of Drøbak. The fortress fired at the invaders, causing damage to the pocket battleship Lützow and the sinking of the heavy cruiser Blücher, with heavy German losses that included many of the armed forces, Gestapo agents, and administrative personnel who were to have occupied the Norwegian capital. Description German capital ships were restricted by the Treaty of Versailles to a displacement of 10000 tons for "armoured ships" Description Their size and characteristics were severely limited by the Treaty of Versailles, which limited Germany to ships of no more than 10000 tons displacement The heavy cruiser was a type of Cruiser, a naval Warship designed for long range high speed and an armament of naval guns roughly 8in in calibre Design The Hipper class were built to a design that flouted the Washington Naval Treaty, to which major maritime These events led to the withdrawal of the rest of the German flotilla, preventing the invaders from occupying Oslo at dawn as had been intended in the order of battle. The German occupation forces' delay in arrival in Oslo, along with swift action from the President of the Storting C. The Storting ( Stortinget, literally "the Great Thing /Assembly" is the Norwegian Parliament, and is located in the capital city J Hambro in turn created the opportunity for the Norwegian royal family, the cabinet, and most of the 150 members of the Storting (parliament) to make a hasty departure from the capital by special train. The Storting ( Stortinget, literally "the Great Thing /Assembly" is the Norwegian Parliament, and is located in the capital city

King Haakon VII early during his reign.

The Storting first convened at Hamar the same afternoon, but with the rapid advance of German troops, the group moved on to Elverum. is a town and municipality in the county of Hedmark, Norway. Hamar was separated from Vang as a city and municipality of its own in Elverum is a municipality in the county of Hedmark, Norway Elverum was established as a municipality January 1 1838 (see Formannskapsdistrikt) The assembled parliament unanimously enacted a resolution, the so-called Elverumsfullmakten (Elverum Authorization), granting the Cabinet full powers to protect the country until such time as the Storting could meet again. The Elverum Authorization ("Elverumsfullmakten" was approved unanimously by the Norwegian Parliament on April 9, 1940 in the town of Elverum

The next day, German minister Curt Bräuer demanded a meeting with Haakon. Curt Bräuer (1889&ndash1969 was a German career Diplomat. Born in Breslau, in what is modern-day Poland, Bräuer entered service in the The German diplomat called on the Norwegians to cease their resistance and stated Hitler's demand that the king appoint Nazi sympathizer Vidkun Quisling as prime minister of what would be a German puppet government. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately Vidkun Abraham Lauritz Jonssøn Quisling (18 July 1887 – 24 October 1945 was a Norwegian army Officer and politician A puppet state is a State that is nominally independent but in reality under the control of another power Bräuer suggested that Haakon follow the example of the Danish government and his brother, Christian X, which had surrendered almost immediately after the previous day's invasion, and threatened Norway with harsh conditions if it didn't surrender. Haakon told Bräuer that under the Constitution of Norway, he could not make such a decision himself, but only on the advice of the government. The Constitution of Norway was first adopted on May 16, 1814 by the Norwegian Constituent Assembly at Eidsvoll (a small town north of the

In an emotional meeting with the Cabinet in Nybergsund, the king reported the German ultimatum to his cabinet. Nybergsund is a village in the municipality of Trysil, Norway. Although he could not make the decision himself, he knew he could use his moral authority to influence it. Accordingly, Haakon told the Cabinet:

I am deeply affected by the responsibility laid on me if the German demand is rejected. The responsibility for the calamities that will befall people and country is indeed so grave that I dread to take it. It rests with the government to decide, but my position is clear.

For my part I cannot accept the German demands. It would conflict with all that I have considered to be my duty as King of Norway since I came to this country nearly thirty-five years ago. ^[2]

Haakon went on to say that he could not appoint any government headed by Quisling because he knew neither the people nor the Storting had confidence in him. However, if the Cabinet felt otherwise, the king said he would abdicate so as not to stand in the way of the government's decision. Abdication (from the Latin abdicatio, disowning renouncing from ab, away from and dicare, to declare to proclaim as not belonging to one

Inspired by Haakon's stand, the government announced its refusal to accept the German terms to the German emissary by telephone. In a radio broadcast that evening, the government and king's refusal to the German ultimatum were announced to the Norwegian people. The government indicated that they would resist the German attack as long as possible, and expressed their confidence that Norwegians would lend their support to the cause.

The following morning, April 11, 1940, bomber aircraft of the Luftwaffe attacked Nybergsund, destroying the small town where the Norwegian government was staying in an attempt to wipe out Norway's unyielding king and government. Events 491 - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. The king and his ministers took refuge in the snow-covered woods and escaped harm, continuing farther north through the rugged Norwegian mountains toward Molde on Norway's northwestern coast. Molde is a city and municipality in the county of Møre og Romsdal, Norway. As the British forces in the area lost ground under Luftwaffe bombardment, the king and his party were taken aboard the British cruiser HMS Glasgow and conveyed by sea to Tromsø where a provisional capital was established on May 1. Norwegian Campaign Captain F H Pegram was commanding officer of Glasgow from July 1939 to April 1940 ( Romsa in Northern Sami, Tromssa in Kven and Finnish) is a city and municipality in the county of Troms, Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Haakon and Crown Prince Olav took up residence in a forest cabin in Målselvdalen valley in the interior of Troms county where they would stay until the evacuation to the United Kingdom. or Romsa ( Sami language) is a county in North Norway, bordering Finnmark to the northeast and Nordland in the southwest The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located While residing in Troms the two were protected by local rifle association members armed with the ubiquitous Krag-Jørgensen rifle. The Krag-Jørgensen is a repeating Bolt action Rifle designed by the Norwegians Ole Herman Johannes Krag and Erik Jørgensen

The Allies had a fairly secure hold over northern Norway until late May, but as the Allies' position in the Battle of France rapidly deteriorated, the British forces in northern Norway were badly needed elsewhere and were withdrawn. In World War II, the Battle of France, also known as the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries The beleaguered and demoralized Norwegian government was evacuated from Tromsø on June 7 aboard HMS Devonshire; and after a 34 knot dash, under cover of HMS Glorious, HMS Acasta, and HMS Ardent, safely arrived in London. Events 1099 - The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins Early career Devonshire served with the 1st Cruiser Squadron in the Mediterranean until 1932 Genesis Glorious was built by Harland and Wolff, Belfast. The design was for a light Battlecruiser; while having guns she was actually Footnotes See also List of shipwrecks in 1940 Construction and commissioning HMS Ardent was ordered on 6 March 1928 from the yards of Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, Greenock, London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Haakon and his cabinet set up a Norwegian government in exile in the British capital. A government in exile is a political group that claims to be a country's legitimate government but for various reasons is unable to exercise its legal power and instead resides in a foreign Taking up residence at Rotherhithe in London, Haakon was an important national symbol in the Norwegian resistance. Rotherhithe is a district of central south-east London in the London Borough of Southwark. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Between March 1942 and the end of the war in June 1945 the King and his son, Crown Prince Olav, lived at Foliejon Park in Winkfield, near Windsor. Winkfield is a Village and Civil parish in the Bracknell Forest Unitary authority of Berkshire, England. Windsor (ˈwɪnzə/ /ˈwɪndzə is a suburban town and tourist destination in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead in Berkshire, England.

The royal family of Norway waving to the welcoming crowds from HMS Norfolk at Oslo. Battle honours Atlantic 1941 ''Bismarck'' 1941 Arctic 1941–1943 North Africa 1942 North Cape 1943 Norway 1945 (called Christiania from 1624 to 1878 and Kristiania from 1878 to 1924 is the Capital and largest city of Norway.

Meanwhile, Hitler had appointed Josef Terboven as Reichskommissar for Norway. Josef Antonius Heinrich Terboven ( May 23, 1898 - May 8, 1945) was a Nazi leader best known as the Reichskommissar (commissioner Reichskommissar (rendered as Commissionary of the Empire or as Reich - or Imperial Commissioner) in German history, was an official gubernatorial On Hitler's orders, Terboven attempted to coerce the Storting to depose the king; parliament declined, citing constitutional principles. A subsequent ultimatum was made by the Germans under threat of interning all Norwegians of military age in German concentration camps. With this threat looming, the Norwegian parliament's representatives in Oslo wrote to their monarch on June 27, asking him to abdicate. Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden The king, politely replying that the Storting had acted under duress, declined the request. After one further German attempt in September to force the Storting to depose Haakon failed, Terboven finally decreed that the royal family had "forfeited their right to return" and dissolved the democratic political parties.

During Norway's five years under German control, many Norwegians surreptitiously wore clothing or jewelry made from coins bearing Haakon's "H7" monogram as symbols of resistance to the German occupation and of solidarity with their exiled king and government, just as many people in Denmark wore his brother's monogram on a pin. Starting with the invasion of April 9, 1940, Norway was under Military occupation of German forces and civil rule of a German The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Christian X (Christian Carl Frederik Albert Alexander Vilhelm ( 26 September 1870 &ndash 20 April 1947) was King of Denmark The king's monogram was also painted and otherwise reproduced on various surfaces as a show of resistance to the occupation. ^[3]

After the end of the war, Haakon and the Norwegian royal family returned to Norway aboard the cruiser HMS Norfolk, arriving to cheering crowds in Oslo on 7 June 1945. Battle honours Atlantic 1941 ''Bismarck'' 1941 Arctic 1941–1943 North Africa 1942 North Cape 1943 Norway 1945 Events 1099 - The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins

Post-war years

King Haakon VII fell in his bathroom at the estate at Bygdøy in July 1955. Bygdøy or Bygdø is a Peninsula on the western side of Oslo, Norway. This fall, which occurred just a month before his eighty-third birthday, broke the king's thighbone and, although there were few other complications resulting from the fall, the king was left confined to a wheelchair. The once-active king was said to have been depressed by his resulting helplessness and began to lose his customary involvement and interest in current events. With Haakon's loss of mobility and, as the king's health deteriorated further in the summer of 1957, Crown Prince Olav appeared on behalf of his father on ceremonial occasions and taking a more active role in state affairs. At Haakon's death in 1957, the crown prince succeeded as Olav V. Olav V (2 July 1903 &ndash 17 January 1991 was the King of Norway from 1957 until his death

Today, King Haakon is regarded by many as one of the greatest Norwegian leaders of the pre-war period, managing to hold his young and fragile country together in unstable political conditions. In 1927 he said "I am also the Communists' King. " ^[4] His loyalty to democracy proved to be crucial for Norway's political situation during and after World War II. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Ancestry

Honours

The entire plateau surrounding the South Pole was named Haakon VII's Vidde in the king's honour by Roald Amundsen when he in 1911 became the first human to reach the South Pole. Luise Auguste Wilhelmine Amalie ( Luisa Augusta Wilhelmina Amelia) ( March 10, 1776 &ndash July 19, 1810) Queen of The South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole, is the southernmost point on the surface of the Earth. A number of Antarctic features were named after Norwegian royal family members Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen (ˈɾuːɑl ˈɑmʉnsən ( July 16, 1872 – c See Polheim. Polheim, "Home of the Pole" was Roald Amundsen 's name for his camp (the first ever at the South Pole.

In 1914 Haakon County in South Dakota was named in his honor. Haakon County is a County located in the US state of South Dakota. South Dakota ( is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States of America.

For his struggles against the Nazi regime and his effort to revive the Holmenkollen ski festival following World War II, King Haakon VII earned the Holmenkollen medal in 1955 (Shared with Hallgeir Brenden, Veikko Hakulinen, and Sverre Stenersen), one of only eleven non-Nordic skiers to earn this honour. The Holmenkollen ski jump, located in Holmenkollen, Oslo, Norway, is host to the world's second oldest Ski jump competition still in existence The Holmenkollen medal is Norwegian Skiing 's highest award for competitors Hallgeir Brenden ( February 10 1929 &ndash September 21 2007) was a former Norwegian cross-country skier from Veikko Johannes Hakulinen ( January 4 1925 &ndash October 24 2003) was a Finnish Forestry technician and Cross country Sverre Stenersen ( June 18, 1926 &ndash December 16, 2005) was a Norwegian Nordic combined skier who dominated the The others are Norway's Stein Eriksen, Borghild Niskin, Inger Bjørnbakken, Astrid Sandvik, King Olav V (his son), Erik Håker, Jacob Vaage, King Harald V (his paternal grandson), and Queen Sonja (his paternal granddaughter-in-law), and Sweden's Ingemar Stenmark. Stein Eriksen (born December 11, 1927) is a Norwegian-American former professional alpine skier and Olympic gold medalist Borghild Niskin (born 19 February 1924) is a Norwegian alpine skier who finished 7th in the women's giant slalom at the 1956 Winter Olympics Inger Bjørnbakken (born 28 December 1933 in Bærum) is a Norwegian alpine skier who finished tied for 6th (with fellow Norwegian Astrid Sandvik (born 1 October 1939) is a Norwegian Alpine skier who finished tied for sixth dog (with fellow Norwegian and 1958 Holmenkollen Olav V (2 July 1903 &ndash 17 January 1991 was the King of Norway from 1957 until his death Erik Håker (born March 4, 1952) is a Norwegian alpine skier from Oppdal who finished 5th in the men's downhill at the 1972 Winter Jakob Vaage (1905-1994 was a Norwegian historian who served as curator of the Holmenkollen ski museum from 1946 to 1984 Childhood and education When Prince Harald was born in Skaugum he was the first heir to the throne of Norway to be born in Norway for several hundred years Issue The Queen Sonja International Music Competition The then Crown Princess Sonja established this music competition in 1988 "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Jan Ingemar Stenmark (born March 18, 1956 in Joesjö, Storumans municipality) is a former Swedish skier, active during

Other honours:

•  Norway War Cross with sword
•  Norway Medal for Outstanding Civic Achievement in gold
•  Norway Grand Cross with Collar of the Royal Norwegian Order of St Olav (later Grand Master)
•  Austria Grand Cross of the Decoration of Honour for Merit
•  Czechoslovakia Grand Cross of the Order of the White Lion
•  Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakian Freedom Cross
•  Denmark Knight of the Elephant
•  Denmark Grand Commander of the Order of the Dannebrog
•  Denmark Dannebrogmennenes hederstegn
•  Denmark King Christian X's Freedom Medal
•  Denmark Commemorative medal for King Christian IX and Queen Louise's golden wedding anniversary
•  Denmark Commemorative medal for King Christian IX's 100th birthday
•  Denmark Commemorative medal for King Frederik VIII's 100th birthday
•  Ethiopia Grand Cross of the Order of Solomon
•  Finland Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose
•  France Grand Cross of the Légion d'honneur
•  France Croix de guerre
•  France Médaille Militaire
•  Great Britain Knight of the Garter
•  Great Britain Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
•  Great Britain Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (Commonwealth Realms)
•  Great Britain St John's Cross
•  Great Britain Queen Victoria Diamond Jubilee Medal
•  Great Britain King Edward VII Coronation Medal
•  Greece Grand Cross of the Order of the Saviour
•  Greece War Cross 1940
•  Italy Grand Cross of the Order of the Most Holy Annunciation
•  Iceland Grand Cross of the Order of the Falcon
•  Japan Grand Cross of the Order of the Chrysanthemum
•  German Empire Grand Cross of the House Order of the Wendish Crown (Mecklenburg, Germany)
•  Netherlands Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
•  Peru Grand Cross of the Order of the Sun
•  Poland Grand Cross of the Order of the White Eagle
•  Portugal Grand Cross of the Order of Christ
•  Portugal Grand Cross of the Order of St. Bento d'Aviz
•  Portugal Grand Cross of the Order of San Thiago
•  Portugal Grand Cross of the Order of the Tower and Sword
•  Prussia Grand Cross of the Order of the Black Eagle (Prussia, Germany)
•  Prussia Grand Cross of the Order of the Red Eagle (Prussia, Germany)
•  Romania Grand Cross of the Order of Carol I
•  Russian Empire Grand Cross of the Order of St. Andrew
•  Russian Empire Grand Cross of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky
•  Russian Empire Grand Cross of the Order of St. Anna
•  Russian Empire Grand Cross of the Order of the White Eagle
•  Russian Empire Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Stanislaus
•  Spain Collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece
•  Sweden Knight of the Seraphim
•  Thailand Grand Cross of the Most Illustrious Order of the Royal House of Chakri
•  Ottoman Empire Grand Cross in Brilliants of the Order of Osmanie

^[5]

Titles from birth to death

Here is a list of the styles King Haakon bore from birth to death, in chronological order:

• His Royal Highness Prince Carl of Denmark
• His Majesty The King of Norway

Notes

See also

• List of state visits made by King Haakon VII of Norway
• Separation of Norway from Sweden in 1905
• Invasion of Norway by Nazi Germany (Operation Weserübung)
• Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany
• Norwegian resistance movement

References

• Shirer, William L. Below is a complete list of State visits made by His Majesty King Haakon VII of Norway during his reign from 1905 to 1957 Operation Weserübung was the codename for Nazi Germany 's assault on Denmark and Norway during World War II and the opening operation Starting with the invasion of April 9, 1940, Norway was under Military occupation of German forces and civil rule of a German Norwegian Resistance Movement (Norske Motstandsbevegelsen is a militant offshoot of the Swedish Resistance Movement, with its base in Norway (1956). The Challenge of Scandinavia. London: Robert Hale.  
• Bomann-Larsen, Tor (2004). Haakon og Maud I/Kongstanken. Oslo: Cappelen. ISBN 82-02-22527-2.  
• Bomann-Larsen, Tor (2004). Haakon og Maud II/Folket. Oslo: Cappelen. ISBN 978-82-02-22529-2.  
• Bomann-Larsen, Tor (2006). Haakon og Maud III/Vintertronen. Oslo: Cappelen. ISBN 978-82-02-24665-5.  

External links

• Official Website of the Norwegian Royal Family
• King Haakon - biography (Official Website of the Norwegian Royal Family)
• The Royals – Regularly updated news coverage of the Norwegian royal family (Aftenposten)
• The Royal Norwegian Order of St Olav - H.M. King Haakon VII the former Grand Master of the Order