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HP-UX
Website www.hp.com/go/hpux/
Company/
developer		 Hewlett-Packard
OS family UNIX System V
Source model Closed source
Latest stable release 11. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages The software industry comprises businesses involved in the development, maintenance and publication of Computer software. A software developer is a person or organization concerned with facets of the software development process wider than design and coding a somewhat broader scope of Unix System V, commonly abbreviated SysV (and usually pronounced though rarely written as System 5 was one of the versions of the Unix Operating system Proprietary software is Computer software on which the producer has set restrictions on use private modification copying, or republishing. 31. 0709 / September 2007
Supported platforms PA-RISC, IA-64
Kernel type Monolithic kernel with dynamically loadable modules
License Proprietary
Working state Current

HP-UX (Hewlett Packard UniX) is Hewlett-Packard's proprietary implementation of the Unix operating system, based on System V (initially System III). September 2007 is the ninth month of that year It began on a Saturday PA-RISC is a Microprocessor architecture developed by Hewlett-Packard 's Systems & VLSI Technology Operation. Itanium is the brand name for 64-bit Intel Microprocessors that implement the Intel Itanium architecture (formerly called IA-64) In Computer science, the kernel is the central component of most computer Operating systems (OS A monolithic kernel is a kernel architecture where the entire kernel is run in Kernel space in Supervisor mode. A software license (or software licence in commonwealth usage is a Legal instrument governing the usage or redistribution of copyright protected software Proprietary software is Computer software on which the producer has set restrictions on use private modification copying, or republishing. Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX, sometimes also written as Unix with Small caps) is a computer An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination Unix System V, commonly abbreviated SysV (and usually pronounced though rarely written as System 5 was one of the versions of the Unix Operating system UNIX System III (sometimes called System 3) was a version of the Unix operating system released by AT&T 's Unix Support Group (USG It runs on their PA-RISC range of processors and Intel's Itanium processor, and was also available for later Apollo/Domain systems. PA-RISC is a Microprocessor architecture developed by Hewlett-Packard 's Systems & VLSI Technology Operation. Itanium is the brand name for 64-bit Intel Microprocessors that implement the Intel Itanium architecture (formerly called IA-64) Earlier versions also ran on the HP 9000 Series 200, 300, and 400 computer systems based on the Motorola 68000 series of processors, as well as the HP 9000 Series 500 computers based on HP's proprietary FOCUS processor architecture. HP 9000 is the name for a line of Workstation and server Computer systems produced by the Hewlett-Packard (HP company The Motorola 68000 is a 16/32-bit CISC Microprocessor core designed and marketed by Freescale Semiconductor (formerly Motorola Semiconductor HP 9000 is the name for a line of Workstation and server Computer systems produced by the Hewlett-Packard (HP company The Hewlett-Packard FOCUS Microprocessor, launched in 1982 was the first commercial single chip fully 32-bit CPU available on the market

HP-UX was the first Unix to use access control lists for file access permissions rather than the standard Unix permissions system. In Computer security, an access control list ( ACL) is a list of permissions attached to an object HP-UX was also among the first Unix systems to include a built-in logical volume manager. In Computer storage, logical volume management or LVM is a method of allocating space on Mass storage devices that is more flexible than conventional HP has had a long partnership with VERITAS, and they use VxFS as their primary file system. Veritas Software Corp was an international Software company that was founded in 1983 as Tolerant Systems, renamed Veritas Software Corp The VERITAS File System, (or VxFS, called JFS and OJFS in HP-UX) is an extent -based File system. For legacy as well as technical reasons, however, the file system used for the boot kernel has remained Hi Performance FileSystem (HFS; a variant of UFS) and so this older technology has continued to receive support from HP. In Computer science, the kernel is the central component of most computer Operating systems (OS Hi Performance FileSystem, not to be confused with OS/2's HPFS (a predecessor to NTFS) or Apple's Hierarchical File System, is a File system The Unix file system ( UFS) is a File system used by many Unix and Unix-like operating systems

As of HP-UX 11i v2 release, the operating system will scale as follows:

Contents

Release history

Since about 2000, the focus of HP-UX has increasingly been on enhanced reliability, security, and partitioning. A terabyte (derived from the prefix Tera- and commonly abbreviated TB) is a measurement term for data storage capacity. In Computing, a file system (often also written as filesystem) is a method for storing and organizing Computer files and the data they contain to make A computer file is a block of Arbitrary Information, or resource for storing information which is available to a Computer program and is usually The reliability is provided through clustering technology and package failover on a system outage, as well as redundant hardware, increased quality testing, and error monitoring and correction. Security features have significantly increased with 11i v2, with the addition of kernel-based intrusion detection, strong random number generation, stack buffer overflow protection, security partitioning, role-based access management, and various open source security tools. A random number generator (often abbreviated as RNG is a computational or physical device designed to generate a sequence of Numbers or symbols that lack any The system partitioning ranges from hardware partitions to isolated OS virtual partitions, and most recently the Virtual Server Environment (VSE).

Following the merger of HP with Compaq in 2001, plans were made to merge the Tru64 TruCluster technology with HP-UX. Compaq Computer Corporation was an American Personal computer company founded in 1982 and is now a brand name of Hewlett-Packard. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Tru64 UNIX is a 64-bit UNIX Operating system for the Alpha Microprocessor architecture currently owned by Hewlett-Packard This had been expected to occur with the release of the long-delayed 11i v3 version. However, HP had suffered employment reductions in key departments during the economic downturn, and so at the end of 2004 the decision was made to cancel this project. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Instead HP partnered with Veritas on a clustering solution. Veritas Software Corp was an international Software company that was founded in 1983 as Tolerant Systems, renamed Veritas Software Corp

Prior to the release of HP-UX version 11. 11, HP used a decimal version numbering scheme with the first number giving the major release and the number following the decimal showing the minor release. Software versioning is the process of assigning either unique version names or unique version numbers to unique states of Computer software. With 11. 11, HP made a marketing decision to name their releases 11i followed by a v(decimal-number) for the version. In popular usage "marketing" is the promotion of products especially Advertising and Branding However in professional usage the term has a wider meaning of The i was intended to indicate the OS is Internet-enabled, but the effective result was a dual version-numbering scheme. (The name change was apparently made to pay homage to the World War I Armistice anniversary, which occurs on 11.11 in nations that use decimal dates. The armistice treaty between the Allies and Germany was signed in a railway carriage in Compiègne Forest on November 11, 1918 Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare )

Versions

6. x (1989)
Support for 300 series only. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Introduced sockets from 4. 3BSD.
7. x (1990)
Support for 300/400, 600/700 (in 7. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) 03) /800 HP systems. Provided OSF/Motif. In computing Motif refers to both a Graphical user interface (GUI specification and the Widget toolkit for building applications that follow that specification
8. x (January 1991)
Support for 300/400 600/700/800 HP systems. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Shared libraries introduced.
9. x (July 1992–1995)
9. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 00, 9. 01, 9. 03 (s700), 9. 04 (s800), 9. 05, 9. 07, 9. 10. These provided support for the series 300, 700 and 800 HP systems. Introduced SAM. This version also introduced a feature of context dependent files (CDF), a method of allowing a fileserver to serve different configurations and binaries to different client machines (and even architectures) in a heterogeneous environment. A directory containing such files had its suid bit set and was made hidden from both ordinary and root processes under normal use. setuid and setgid (short for set u ser ID upon execution and set g roup ID upon execution respectively are Such a scheme was sometimes exploited by hackers to hide exploits. [1] CDF's and the CDF filesystem were dropped with release 10. 0.
10. 0 (1995)
This major release saw a convergence of the operating system between the series 700 (workstation) and series 800 (server) systems. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 (The OS no longer supported the older series. ) There was also a significant change in the layout in the system files and directories, based on the AT&T SVR4 UNIX standard. Before proposing a merge request please see Talk and see if the merger you propose has recently been made and Applications were removed from /usr and moved under /opt; startup configuration files were placed under /etc/rc. config. d; users were moved to /home from /users. The Logical Volume Manager (LVM) was presented at 10. LVM is a logical volume manager for the Linux kernel: it manages disk drives and similar mass-storage devices in particular large ones 0 as a replacement for the older methods of disk management. Software for HP-UX was now packaged, shipped, installed, and removed via the Software Distributor (SD) tools. Software Distributor (SD is the Hewlett-Packard company's name for their HP-UX software Package management system.
10. 20 (1996)
This release included support for PA-RISC processors that support PA2. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) 0, including 64-bit data registers. Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) were introduced for use within CDE. The Common Desktop Environment ( CDE) a Graphical Desktop environment for Unix, leverages the Motif Widget toolkit The root file system could be configured to use the Veritas VxFS. The VERITAS File System, (or VxFS, called JFS and OJFS in HP-UX) is an extent -based File system. 10. 20 also supported 32-bit user and group identifiers. The prior limit was 60,000, or 16-bit. This and earlier releases of HP-UX are now effectively obsolete, and support by HP ended on June 30, 2003. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar.
10. 24
This is a Virtual Vault release of HP-UX, providing enhanced security features.
10. 30 (1997)
This was primarily a developer release with various incremental enhancements. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar The use of PAM continued to expand in the system security components. Various changes to system calls were also made. This OS also provided the first support for Kernel Threads, with a 1x1 thread model (each user thread is bound to one kernel thread). 10. 30 was also the first release of HP-UX that was fully year 2000 compliant. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar.
11. 00 (1997)
The first HP-UX release to also support 64-bit addressing; previous releases had been 32-bit only. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar It could still run 32-bit applications on a 64-bit system. This release was also deemed Y2K-compliant. The Year 2000 problem (also known as the Y2K problem, the millennium bug, the Y2K bug, or simply Y2K) was a notable Computer bug resulting It supported 1×1 kernel threads, symmetric multiprocessing, fibre channel, and NFS PV3. A thread in Computer science is short for a thread of execution. In Computing, symmetric multiprocessing or SMP involves a Multiprocessor computer-architecture where two or more identical processors can connect to a single Fibre Channel, or FC, is a Gigabit -speed network technology primarily used for Storage networking. Network File System (NFS is a Network file system protocol originally developed by Sun Microsystems in 1983 allowing a user on a client Computer to access It also included tools and documentation to convert 32-bit code to 64-bit.
11. 04
Virtual Vault release.
11. 10
This was a limited release to support the V2500 SCA (Scalable Computing Architecture) and V2600 SCA servers. Other versions supported the V-class server in a single cabinet configuration, 11. 10 ran on the SCA versions where two servers are stacked on top of each other, interconnected by a hyperplane crossbar. 11. 10 also added JFS 3. 3, 128-CPU support, AutoFS, and a new ftpd. It was not available separately.
11. 11 (2000)
Also known as 11i, this release of HP-UX introduced the concept of Operating Environments. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. It was released in December, 2000. These are bundled groups of layered applications intended for use with a general category of usage. The available types were the Mission Critical, Enterprise, Internet, Technical Computing, and Minimal Technical OEs. (The last two were intended for HP 9000 workstations. HP 9000 is the name for a line of Workstation and server Computer systems produced by the Hewlett-Packard (HP company ) The main enhancements with this release were support for hard partitions, gigabit ethernet, NFS over TCP/IP, Loadable Kernel Modules, dynamic kernel tunable parameters, kernel event Notifications, and protected stacks. Ethernet is a family of frame -based Computer networking technologies for Local area networks (LANs Network File System (NFS is a Network file system protocol originally developed by Sun Microsystems in 1983 allowing a user on a client Computer to access The Internet Protocol Suite (commonly TCP/IP) is the set of Communications protocols used for the Internet and other similar networks In Computer science, the kernel is the central component of most computer Operating systems (OS
11. 20 (2001)
Also known as 11i v1. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. 5, this release of HP-UX was the first to support the new line of Itanium-based (IA-64) systems. Itanium is the brand name for 64-bit Intel Microprocessors that implement the Intel Itanium architecture (formerly called IA-64) Itanium is the brand name for 64-bit Intel Microprocessors that implement the Intel Itanium architecture (formerly called IA-64) It was not intended for mission critical computing environments and did not support HP's ServiceGuard cluster software. It did provide support for running PA-RISC compiled applications on IA-64 systems, and for Veritas Volume Manager 3. Veritas Software Corp was an international Software company that was founded in 1983 as Tolerant Systems, renamed Veritas Software Corp 1.
11. 22 (2002)
An incremental release of the Itanium version of HP-UX, it was designated 11i v1. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Itanium is the brand name for 64-bit Intel Microprocessors that implement the Intel Itanium architecture (formerly called IA-64) 6. This version achieved 64-way scalability, MxN threads, added more dynamic kernel tunable parameters, and supported HP's Logical Volume Manager on IA-64. In Telecommunications and Software engineering, scalability is a desirable property of a system a network or a process which indicates its ability to either A thread in Computer science is short for a thread of execution. It was built from the 11i v1 source code stream.
11. 23 (2003)
The original release of this version was in September 2003 to support the Itanium-based systems. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. This version is also identified as 11i v2. In September 2004 the OS was updated to provide support for both Itanium and PA-RISC systems. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Besides running on IA-64 systems, this release includes support for ccNUMA, web-based kernel and device configuration, IPv6 and a strong random number generation. Non-Uniform Memory Access or Non-Uniform Memory Architecture ( NUMA) is a computer memory design used in Multiprocessors where the memory access Internet Protocol version 6 ( IPv6) is an Internet Layer protocol for packet -switched internetworks.
11. 31 (2007)
This release is also identified as 11i v3. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. This release supports both PA-RISC and IA-64. [1] It was released on February 15, 2007 [2]. Major new features include native multipathing support, a unified file cache, NFS v4, Veritas ClusterFS, multi-volume VxFS. IPMP, or IP network multipathing, is a facility provided by Solaris to provide fault-tolerance and load spreading for Network interface cards (NICs Hyperthreading is supported on Itanium systems with Montecito processors.

Earlier history

The first version of HP-UX was 1. 0, built about 1983. Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) It started out based on System III Unix, and later on System V.

The first HP-UX, for the FOCUS systems (Series 500s), had a kernel written in MODCAL, a modified Pascal with extensions for low-level programming. In Computer science, the kernel is the central component of most computer Operating systems (OS Pascal is an influential imperative and procedural Programming language, designed in 1968/9 and published in 1970 by Niklaus Wirth as a small Pascal/MODCAL was in vogue at HP for operating system work in the early-to-mid 1980s. This kernel in turn was hosted on top of another lower-level kernel called SUNOS (no relation to Sun Microsystems' SunOS) and emulated a file system similar to UFS on top of an HP-peculiar filesystem called Structured Directory Format (which led to curious features like . Sun Microsystems Inc ( is a multinational vendor of Computers computer components Computer software, and Information technology services SunOS is a version of the Unix Operating system developed by Sun Microsystems for their Workstation and server Computer In Computing, a file system (often also written as filesystem) is a method for storing and organizing Computer files and the data they contain to make and . . not actually existing in a directory as opened and read). The userland was a mix of AT&T, UCB, and HP sources.

The series 200/300 history also started out claiming System III and later System V. The HP-UX ROMs for the HP Integral PC had two versions: 1. 0 which was System III based and 5. 0 which was System V based.

HP announced its Precision Architecture in the second half of 1986, for two hardware lines: the HP3000 series 930 which had an equivalent HP9000 series 840, and the HP3000 series 950 which also had an HP9000 series 8xx equivalent. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) The HP 3000 series is a family of Minicomputers released by Hewlett-Packard in 1973 after a difficult development project Unlike later PA-RISC systems, in the 3000/930 and 9000/840, the PA-RISC processor was spread across several boards of TTL. Transistor–transistor logic ( TTL) is a class of Digital circuits built from Bipolar junction transistors (BJT and Resistors It is called

At the time, HP did not have shippable quantities of hardware, but did have some installed at third-party developers sites. It was another year before MPE/XL was ready for its 1. MPE ( Multi-Programming Executive) is an early 1980s era business-oriented Minicomputer Operating system made by Hewlett-Packard. 0 release to customers, and in that time the HP9000 series 840 had shipped with HP-UX and the HP3000 series 930 had been dropped from the price list, not being enough faster than a classic HP3000 series 70 running a similar workload.

When it came time to do a Unix for the first PA-RISC systems (Series 800), at least the kernel was based on 4BSD but then worked over to make it behave more like System V and other HP-UXs. BSD-isms gradually got put back into it over the late 1980s and 1990s. That is, HP started a fresh port of Unix and then layered the old code and APIs on top.

The last release for the series 500 was 5. 2.

Series 200 and Series 800 HP-UXs started with versions 1. 0 and later got version number bumps up to other ports' version numbers as they became more compatible with those ports. So s200 went from 2. x to 5. 0 when it got demand paging and more compatible with s500 5. 0, and PA-RISC went from 3. 1 to 7. 0 when its userland was being built from common sources used in 7. 0 on the s300.

By HP-UX 7 even the series 300 port was feeling somewhat BSDish, including the BSD Fast File System and a filesystem with long filenames.

Kernel had common source (across series 700/800 at least, maybe s300/400 too) in 8. 0.

Operating environments

Operating Environments (OEs) are tested and integrated application bundles designed to work with the operating system and provide the functionality needed for the system's purpose. The following lists the currently available HP-UX 11i v2 OEs:

HP-UX 11i v2 Foundation OE (FOE)
Designed for the demands of Web servers, content servers and front-end servers, this OE includes applications such as HP-UX Web Server Suite, Java, and Mozilla Application Suite. This OE is bundled as HPUX11i-OE.
HP-UX 11i v2 Enterprise OE (EOE)
Designed for database application servers and logic servers, this OE contains the HP-UX 11i v2 Foundation OE bundles and additional applications such as GlancePlus Pak to enable an enterprise-level server. This OE is bundled as HPUX11i-OE-ENT.
HP-UX 11i v2 Mission Critical OE (MCOE)
Designed for the large, powerful back-end application servers and database servers that access customer files and handle transaction processing, this OE contains the Enterprise OE bundles, plus applications such as MC/ServiceGuard and Workload Manager to enable a mission-critical server. This OE is bundled as HPUX11i-OE-MC.
HP-UX 11i v2 Minimal Technical OE (MTOE)
Designed for workstations running HP-UX 11i v2, this OE includes the Mozilla Application Suite, Perl, VxVM, and Judy applications, plus the OpenGL Graphics Developer's Kit. NOTES FOR EDITORS "Perl" is not an acronym (read the "Name" section below The Veritas Volume Manager, VVM or VxVM is a proprietary logical volume manager from Veritas (now part of Symantec OpenGL ( Open G raphics L ibrary is a standard specification defining a cross-language Cross-platform API for writing applications that produce This OE is bundled as HPUX11i-MTOE.
HP-UX 11i v2 Technical Computing OE (TCOE)
Designed for both compute-intensive workstation and server applications, this OE contains the MTOE bundles plus extensive graphics applications and Math Libraries. This OE is bundled as HPUX11i-TCOE.

See also

References

  1. ^ HP-UX cdf(4) man page

External links

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