| HMX | |
|---|---|
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| IUPAC name | 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | [2691-41-0] |
| PubChem | |
| SMILES | C1N(CN(CN(CN1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-] |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C4H8N8O8 |
| Molar mass | 296. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to PubChem is a Database of chemical Molecules The system is maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI a component A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 155 g/mol |
| Density | 1. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different 91 g/cm3, solid |
| Melting point |
276-286 °C |
| Explosive data | |
| Shock sensitivity | Low |
| Friction sensitivity | Low |
| Explosive velocity | 9100 m/s |
| RE factor | 1. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. Shock sensitivity is a comparative measure of the sensitivity to sudden movement of a Chemical compound, usually of an Explosive. Friction sensitivity is an approximation of the amount of friction or rubbing a compound can withstand before prematurely exploding Explosive velocity is the Velocity at which the shockwave front travels through a detonated Explosive. Relative effectiveness factor or RE factor is a measurement of an Explosive 's power for Military Demolitions purposes 70 |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
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HMX, also called octogen, is a powerful and relatively insensitive nitroamine high explosive, chemically related to RDX. In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly Nitroamines are Organic compounds that contain the nitroamino Functional group, R2N-NO2 An explosive material is a material that either is chemically or otherwise Energetically unstable or produces a sudden expansion of the material usually accompanied Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine, also known as RDX, cyclonite, hexogen, and T4, is an Explosive Nitroamine widely used Like RDX, the name has been variously misconstrued as High Melting eXplosive, Her Majesty's eXplosive or even High-velocity Military eXplosive, but in fact it simply means "High-Molecular-weight rdX".
Its molecule is an eight-membered ring of alternating carbon and nitrogen atoms, with a nitro group attached to each nitrogen atom. Because of its high molecular weight, it is one of the most powerful chemical explosives manufactured, although a number of newer ones, including HNIW and octanitrocubane, are more powerful and/or less sensitive. 24681012-hexanitro-24681012-hexaazaisowurtzitane, also called HNIW, and CL-20, is a Nitroamine explosive with the formula C6H6N12O12 Octanitrocubane (molecular formula C8(NO28 is a powerful High explosive that like TNT, is shock-insensitive (not readily
Contents |
Production
HMX is more complicated to manufacture than most explosives and this confines it to specialist applications. It may be produced by nitration of hexamine in the presence of acetic anhydride, paraformaldehyde and ammonium nitrate. Hexamine, also called hexamethylenetetramine or methenamine ( INN) is a heterocyclic Organic compound that can be prepared by the reaction RDX produced using the Bachmann Process usually contains 8-10% HMX.
Applications
Also known as cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine, tetrahexamine tetranitramine, or octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane, HMX was first made in 1930. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. It is used almost exclusively in military applications, including as the detonator in nuclear weapons, in the form of polymer-bonded explosive and as a solid rocket propellant. A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. A polymer-bonded explosive, also called PBX or plastic-bonded explosive, is an Explosive material in which explosive powder is bound together in a matrix A rocket or rocket vehicle is a Missile, Aircraft or other Vehicle which obtains Thrust by the reaction of the A propellant is a material that is used to move ("propel" an object
HMX is used in melt-castable explosives when mixed with TNT, which as a class are referred to as "octols. Trinitrotoluene ( TNT) is a Chemical compound with the formula C6H2(NO23CH3 Octol is a melt-castable high explosive mixture consisting of HMX and TNT in different weight proportions " HMX is also mixed with plastic binders and used in the manufacture of armor piercing shaped charges.
References
- Cooper, Paul W. , Explosives Engineering, New York: Wiley-VCH, 1996. ISBN 0-471-18636-8
- Urbanski, Tadeusz. Chemistry and Technology of Explosives. Vol. III. , Warszawa: Polish Scientific Publishers, 1967
Manufacturers
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