HMS Ocean (L12)
Career (UK)
Name:	HMS Ocean
Operator:	Royal Navy
Ordered:	11 May 1993
Builder:	Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd, Kværner (Govan)
Laid down:	30 May 1994
Launched:	11 October 1995
Commissioned:	30 September 1998
Homeport:	HMNB Devonport, Plymouth
Fate:	Currently undergoing a major refit. The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd (VSEL was a shipbuilding company based at Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria in northwest England that built Govan Shipbuilders Ltd was a British company of the Clydeside area of Glasgow in Scotland taking its name from the Govan Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Her Majesty's Naval Base (HMNB Devonport ( HMS ''Drake'') is one of three UK operating bases for the Royal Navy (the others being HMNB Clyde and Plymouth ( is a city and unitary authority area on the coast of Devon, England about south west of London.
General characteristics
Class and type:	'Ocean'-class Landing Platform, Helicopter
Displacement:	21,578 tons
Length:	208 m (682 ft 3 in)
Beam:	34. Landing Platform Helicopter (LPH is the US Navy Hull classification symbol for the Amphibious assault ships of the ''Iwo Jima'' class and three 4 m (112 ft 10 in)
Draught:	6. 6 m (21 ft 8 in)
Propulsion:	2 × Crossley Pielstick diesel engines 1 × Kamewa bow thruster
Speed:	15 knots (28 km/h) cruise 18 knots (33 km/h) max
Range:	8,000 miles
Capacity:	800 Royal Marines and equipment
Complement:	284 officers and crew + 206 Fleet Air Arm
Sensors and processing systems:	Radar 996 Radar 1007
Electronic warfare and decoys:	UAT Electronic Support Measures
Armament:	3 × Phalanx CIWS
Aircraft carried:	Up to 18 helicopters (typically Westland Commando and Lynx but also Merlins, Boeing Chinooks, Westland Apache), capable of carrying (but not operating) up to 15 VTOL aircraft such as RAF Harrier II

HMS Ocean (L12) of the Royal Navy is an Amphibious assault ship, the only one in her class. The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) An amphibious assault ship (also referred to as an amphibious assault carrier or commando carrier) is a type of Helicopter carrier employed to land She is designed to support amphibious landing operations and to support the staff of Commander UK Amphibious Force and Commander UK Landing Force.

She was constructed in the mid-1990s by Kvaerner Govan Ltd on the Clyde and fitted out at Barrow-in-Furness prior to first of class trials and subsequent acceptance in service. Kvaerner Govan Ltd was formed in 1988 when the Norwegian group Kvaerner Industrier purchased the Govan shipyard in Glasgow on the River Clyde The River Clyde ( Gaelic: Abhainn Chluaidh, avɪɲˈxɫ̪uəj is a major River in Scotland. Barrow-in-Furness is an industrial town and Seaport in Cumbria, England. She was commissioned in September 1998 at her home port Devonport, Plymouth, Devon. Her Majesty's Naval Base (HMNB Devonport ( HMS ''Drake'') is one of three UK operating bases for the Royal Navy (the others being HMNB Clyde and Plymouth ( is a city and unitary authority area on the coast of Devon, England about south west of London. Devon is a large county in the South West of England. The county is also referred to as Devonshire, but that is an entirely unofficial name

Contents 1 History 1.1 Service history 2 Role 3 Aviation 4 Affiliations 5 References 6 See also 7 External links

History

An invitation to tender for a new helicopter carrier was issued in February 1992. ^[1] In February 1993 The Times reported that the carrier faced cancellation due to budgetary constraints. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. ^[2] However on 29 March 1993 the defence procurement minister announced that development of the carrier was proceeding. Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King ^[3]

Two shipbuilders competed for the contract - Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd (VSEL) and Swan Hunter. Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd (VSEL was a shipbuilding company based at Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria in northwest England that built Swan Hunter, formerly known as " Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson " was one of the best known Shipbuilding companies in the United Kingdom. On 11 May 1993 the government announced VSEL had won the contract. Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople ^[4] The build was to commercial standards, reducing costs significantly and leading to a construction spend of £154 million, comparable to that of a Type 23 frigate. Design Origin The Type 23 was initially conceived as an Anti-submarine warfare platform with a Westland Lynx or EHI Merlin Helicopter VSEL, a warship manufacturer, sub-contracted the build phase to the commercial Kværner yard in Govan, Glasgow. Govan ( Scottish Gaelic: Baile a' Ghobhainn) is a district and former Burgh in the southwestern part of the City of Glasgow, Glasgow (ˈglæzgoʊ is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom

The fact that VSEL's bid was £71 million lower than Swan Hunter's was the source of political controversy and lead to a National Audit Office investigation to determine whether the competition was fair. The National Audit Office (NAO is an independent Parliamentary body in the United Kingdom which is responsible for auditing central government departments The report, published on 29 July 1993, stated that although VSEL did subsidise its bid the MoD was right to award the contract to VSEL because the subsidy was much smaller than the difference between the two bids; VSEL's bid was £139. 5 million compared to Swan Hunter's £210. 6 million. The Times also suggested that the subsidy was as little as £10 million. ^[5] In anticipation of the report the Financial Times described the different philosophies adopted by the two bidders; While Swan Hunter viewed the ships as entirely military, "VSEL thought the design was basically a merchant ship with military hardware bolted on. " VSEL's decision to sub-contract the build phase took advantage of lower overheads at a civilian yard as well as efficiency drives by its parent, Kværner. ^[6]

Launched on 11 October 1995, she was subsequently named at Barrow by Her Majesty the Queen on 20 February 1998, prior to delivery to Devonport. The ceremonies involved in naming and launching naval ships are based in traditions thousands of years old Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar)

Service history

While Ocean was undertaking the warm water element of her first-of-class trials, she provided humanitarian assistance in Honduras following Hurricane Mitch. Honduras in Spanish, República de Honduras) is a democratic republic in Central America. Hurricane Mitch was one of the deadliest and most powerful Hurricanes on record in the Atlantic basin with maximum sustained winds of 180 mph (285 km/h

During 2002 Ocean supported Operation Palliser in Sierra Leone, joining HMS Illustrious aiding the suppression of rebel activity with her own EMF and providing support facilities for the Spearhead battalion ashore. Operation Palliser was a British Armed forces operation in Sierra Leone in 2000 under the command of Brigadier David Richards. Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa. See HMS ''Illustrious'' for other ships of the same name Construction She was laid down at Swan Hunter on the River Tyne

Ocean was part of a large Royal Navy task force deployed for Operation Telic, the UK contribution to the 2003 Iraq War. Operation (or Op TELIC is the codename under which all British operations of the 2003 Invasion of Iraq and after are being conducted The 2003 invasion of Iraq, from March 20 to May 1 2003 was spearheaded by the United States, backed by British forces and smaller contingents from Australia In the helicopter assault role she was accompanied by HMS Ark Royal. Construction Her keel was laid by Swan Hunter at Wallsend on 7 December 1978

In 2007, Ocean began her first long refit period. This is being carried out by Devonport Management Limited at their Devonport Royal Dockyard facility and will last around 12 months. DML is the consortium which owns and manages Devonport Royal Dockyard, the largest dockyard in Western Europe Her Majesty's Naval Base (HMNB Devonport ( HMS ''Drake'') is one of three UK operating bases for the Royal Navy (the others being HMNB Clyde and During this period, Ark Royal has taken over the LPH role.

Role

Ocean was designed to provide the amphibious assault capabilities last offered by HMS Albion and Bulwark whilst in the Commando role. Construction and modifications She was built on the Tyne by Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson. History 1950s She was not commissioned until 1954 but once underway demonstrated the ship's and its crew's dedication to duty She can deploy an Embarked Military Force (EMF) of a Royal Marines Commando Group from 3 Commando Brigade supported by aviation and landing craft assets. In Military terminology the Embarked Military Force is the total force that is carried by an Amphibious assault Ship, including troops, The Royal Marines ( RM) are the marine corps and amphibious Infantry of the United Kingdom and along with the Royal Navy A battalion is a Military unit of around 500-1500 men usually consisting of between two and seven companies and typically commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel 3 Commando Brigade is a commando formation of the British Armed Forces and the main manoeuvre formation of the Royal Marines. The ships company includes 9 Assault Squadron from 1 Assault Group Royal Marines. 1 Assault Group Royal Marines ( 1AGRM) provides the Royal Marines expertise in small boat operations in support of Littoral operations both amphibious

Ocean is also capable of limited Anti-Submarine Warfare activities, supporting afloat training and acting as a base facility for other embarked forces including Counter-terrorism units. Counter-terrorism or counterterrorism refers to the practices tactics, techniques and strategies that Governments militaries, Police departments

Aviation

The air group of up to 12 Sea King HC-4 medium-lift helicopters, 6 Lynx AH-7 light-lift/anti-Tank helicopters, and 4 Mk5 landing craft is provided by the Commando Helicopter Force however she can also support the Westland WAH-64 Apache operated by the Army Air Corps and helicopters of the Royal Air Force including the Chinook. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout History Since 400 AD Chinese children have played with bamboo flying toys. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Landing craft are Boats and seagoing vehicles used to convey a Landing force ( Infantry and Vehicles) from the sea to the shore during an The Commando Helicopter Force ( CHF) is a part of the Fleet Air Arm and is an element of the Joint Helicopter Command of the British Armed Forces; which The Westland WAH-64 Apache is a licence-built version of the Boeing AH-64D Apache Longbow Attack helicopter for the British Army. The Army Air Corps is a component of the British Army, first formed in 1942 WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

Ocean can transport up to fifteen fixed wing Harrier aircraft of Joint Force Harrier in the ferry role, but is unable to operate as a fixed wing aircraft carrier. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Joint Force Harrier is the British military formation which controls the STOVL Harrier aircraft of the Royal Air Force and

Affiliations

• No. 30 Squadron RAF
• 656 Squadron, Army Air Corps
• 657 Squadron, Army Air Corps
• Worshipful Company of Farriers
• City of Sunderland

References

See also

• Future of the Royal Navy
• List of amphibious warfare ships of the Royal Navy

External links

• HMS Ocean at the Royal Navy site
• HMS Ocean at the naval-technology. At the beginning of the 1990s the Royal Navy was a force designed for the Cold War - with its three small aircraft carriers and a force of ASW frigates and destroyers its main This is a list of amphibious warfare ships of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom. com site
• HMS Ocean at the Navynews. co. uk site
• HMS Ocean, Navy Matters

Commissioned Royal Navy Ships

Aircraft carriers Invincible-class HMS Illustrious | HMS Ark Royal Submarines Vanguard-class ballistic missile submarine HMS Vanguard | HMS Victorious | HMS Vigilant | HMS Vengeance Swiftsure-class fleet submarine HMS Superb | HMS Sceptre Trafalgar-class fleet submarine HMS Trafalgar | HMS Turbulent | HMS Tireless | HMS Torbay | HMS Trenchant | HMS Talent | HMS Triumph Destroyers Type 42 (Sheffield/Manchester-class) HMS Exeter | HMS Southampton | HMS Nottingham | HMS Liverpool | HMS Manchester | HMS Gloucester | HMS Edinburgh | HMS York Frigates Type 22 (Broadsword-class) HMS Cornwall | HMS Cumberland | HMS Campbeltown | HMS Chatham Type 23 (Duke-class) HMS Argyll | HMS Lancaster | HMS Iron Duke | HMS Monmouth | HMS Montrose | HMS Westminster | HMS Northumberland | HMS Richmond | HMS Somerset | HMS Sutherland | HMS Kent | HMS Portland | HMS St Albans Landing vessels Albion-class Landing Platform, Docks HMS Albion | HMS Bulwark Landing Platform, Helicopter HMS Ocean Mine countermeasures vessels Sandown-class HMS Walney | HMS Penzance | HMS Pembroke | HMS Grimsby | HMS Bangor | HMS Ramsey | HMS Blyth | HMS Shoreham Hunt-class HMS Ledbury | HMS Cattistock | HMS Brocklesby | HMS Middleton | HMS Chiddingfold | HMS Atherstone | HMS Hurworth | HMS Quorn Patrol vessels Antarctic ice-patrol ship HMS Endurance River-class HMS Mersey | HMS Severn | HMS Tyne | HMS Clyde Archer-class HMS Archer | HMS Biter | HMS Smiter | HMS Blazer | HMS Puncher | HMS Charger | HMS Ranger | HMS Trumpeter | HMS Express | HMS Example | HMS Explorer | HMS Exploit | HMS Tracker | HMS Raider | HMS Pursuer | HMS Dasher Scimitar-class HMS Scimitar | HMS Sabre Survey vessels Ocean-going survey vessel HMS Scott Coastal survey vessel HMS Roebuck Echo-class multi-role survey vessel HMS Echo | HMS Enterprise Survey launch HMS Gleaner Miscellaneous vessels Type 82 destroyer HMS Bristol (Static training vessel) C class cruiser HMS Caroline (Shore establishment) First-rate ship of the line HMS Victory (Flagship of the Second Sea Lord)

List of ship names of the Royal Navy

This is a list of active Royal Navy ships, complete and correct as of July 2008 An aircraft carrier is a Warship designed with Development The Invincible class has its origins in a sketch design for a 6000  ton, guided-missile armed helicopter carrying escort cruiser intended as See HMS ''Illustrious'' for other ships of the same name Construction She was laid down at Swan Hunter on the River Tyne Construction Her keel was laid by Swan Hunter at Wallsend on 7 December 1978 A submarine is a Watercraft that can operate independently below water as distinct from a Submersible that has only limited underwater capability Design The Vanguard s were designed from the outset as an unlimited-range nuclear powered ballistic missile submarine unlike the previous ''Resolution'' class A ballistic missile submarine is a Submarine equipped to launch Ballistic missiles ( SLBMs) General characteristics Displacement 16000 tons submerged Propulsion Rolls-Royce PWR2 reactor, two GEC turbines single shaft pump Affiliations The Highlanders, 4th Battalion Royal Regiment of Scotland Affiliations The Royal Scots Dragoon Guards (Carabiniers and Greys Incidents On 28 May 2008, HMS Superb of the Swiftsure class collided with a rock while submerged in the Red Sea. Operations She was the first British submarine to visit the Arctic Ocean and sail under the polar ice caps Affiliations Scots Guards Yorkshire University Royal Naval Unit (YURNU Description The Trafalgar is a refinement of the ''Swiftsure'' class and designed six years later than its predecessor See HMS Tireless for other ships of the same name March 2007 explosion On 21 March 2007 two Tireless crew members Leading Operator In Fiction Torbay was featured in the Tom Clancy novel Red Storm Rising, in which she helps to sink a Soviet ''Alfa'' -class MFV Antares On 22nd November 1990 the nets of the fishing vessel Antares were snagged by HMS Trenchant the Antares was pulled under with the loss of all four members of In naval terminology a destroyer is a fast and maneuverable yet long-endurance Warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, Convoy History The class was designed in the late 1960s to provide fleet area air-defence Affiliations The Rifles Exeter College Oxford Worshipful Company of Plaisterers Affiliations The Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment (Queen's and Royal Hampshires Old Southamptons (veterans of the previous HMS Southampton Affiliations The Mercian Regiment No 8 Squadron RAF No 56(R Squadron RAF 307 (South Nottinghamshire Affiliations The City of Liverpool The Worshipful Company of Pewterers Liverpool University Royal Naval Affiliations The Duke of Lancaster's Regiment (King's Lancashire and Border Worshipful Company of World Traders Manchester Affiliations The Rifles City of Gloucester Worshipful Company of Grocers Gloucester R Operations In 1990 Edinburgh completed a refit which included the fitting of the Phalanx Close-in weapon system (CIWS Affiliations The Yorkshire Regiment (14th/15th 19th and 33rd/76th Foot For the bird see Frigatebird. A frigate /ˈfrɪgɪt/ is a warship Design The Type 22 was designed to be a specialist Anti-submarine warfare vessel as part of the Royal Navy's contribution to NATO. Service HMS Cornwall has battle honours from Barfleur in 1692 the Falkland Islands in 1914 and the Dardanelles in 1915 Service In 2003 HMS Cumberland (in partnership with RFA ''Wave Knight'') seized 3 Affiliations Welsh Guards J Battery 3 Regiment Royal Horse Artillery No Affiliations 3 Regiment Army Air Corps Medway Council Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors Design Origin The Type 23 was initially conceived as an Anti-submarine warfare platform with a Westland Lynx or EHI Merlin Helicopter Deployments In 2000 Argyll was part of the Royal Navy task force - Task Group 342 Affiliations HM The Queen The Duke of Lancaster The Duke of Lancaster's Regiment (King's Lancashire and Border City Deployments In 2000 Iron Duke was part of the Royal Navy task force — comprising ''Illustrious'', ''Ocean'', ''Argyll'' Commanding Officers Commander T J Peacock (?-present Affiliations 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards Service The ship was under the command of the husband of The Princess Royal, Captain Timothy Laurence from 27 August 1996. Affiliations Duke of Westminster City of Westminster Worshipful Company of Fanmakers Household Service history Construction She was built by Swan Hunter in 1992 at Wallsend, was launched by her sponsor Lady Kerr in April 1992 and was accepted Affiliations His Grace The Duke of Richmond and Gordon The Yorkshire Regiment (14th/15th 19th and 33rd/76th Foot Affiliations Duchy of Somerset The Rifles City of Wells Worshipful Company of Apothecaries Affiliations The Highlanders, 4th Battalion Royal Regiment of Scotland No Deployments March 2002 saw HMS Kent return from the Gulf after a five-month record-breaking mission under Commander John Clink History The ship was accepted into service by the Royal Navy on 15 December 2000 and was commissioned on 3 May the following year History The ship was launched on the River Clyde on Saturday 6th May 2000 An amphibious assault ship (also referred to as an amphibious assault carrier or commando carrier) is a type of Helicopter carrier employed to land An amphibious transport dock (also called a landing platform dock or LPD) is an Amphibious warfare ship, a warship that embarks transports and lands elements Affiliations Chester The Mercian Regiment Plymouth Albion RFC Service history HMS Bulwark departed the UK in January 2006 for a six-month East of Suez maiden deployment Landing Platform Helicopter (LPH is the US Navy Hull classification symbol for the Amphibious assault ships of the ''Iwo Jima'' class and three A minesweeper is a Naval Warship designed to counter the threat posed by Naval mines The dedicated purpose-built minesweeper first appeared during Ships Ships A patrol boat is a small naval vessel generally designed for coastal defense duties Gallery See also Red Sea rig Design The three ships HMS ''Tyne'' (P281 commissioned July 2003 HMS ''Mersey'' (P283 commissioned December 2003 and HMS ''Severn'' (P282 commissioned Affiliations HMS Eaglet &mdash The third largest Reserve Training Centre in the UK with approximately 300 reservists there Description The ships have large working decks to allow the vessels to cope in several roles such as disaster relief fire fighting rescue work and interception of other vessels History & operations Ten vessels were ordered as the P2000 class, based on a design of an Omani coastguard cutter from Watercraft Marine Early service URNU service Archer became the training ship of Aberdeen URNU in 1991 succeeding Chaser. Liverpool URNU Liverpool University Royal Naval Unit (Liverpool URNU is one of 14 URNUs in the country with the mission statement to 'educate a wide-spectrum of high calibre 1st Patrol Boat Squadron (1PBS HMS Example is part of the 1st Patrol Boat Squadron Affiliations HMS ''Daring'' HMS ''Superb'' TS Blackcap, Birkenhead Sea Cadets Oxford University Royal Naval Unit Oxford University Royal Naval Unit was founded in 1994 to educate high calibre undergraduates as to the role and function of the Cambridge URNU Students undergo shore-based training at weekly drill-nights held in Town Headquarters (THQ in Cambridge Vessels HMS ''Scimitar'' (P284 (ex-MV Grey Fox) HMS ''Sabre'' (P285 (ex-MV Grey Wolf) A research vessel (R/V is a Ship designed and equipped to carry out Research at Sea. Affiliations 42 Engineer Regiment Royal Engineers The two ships of Echo class are the latest vessels to join the Royal Navy 's Hydrographic Squadron History The CVA-01 aircraft carrier project was cancelled in the 1966 Strategic Defence Review, eliminating the requirement for the Type 82 class Origin The CVA-01 Queen Elizabeth class Aircraft carrier was designed to replace the World War II vintage Aircraft carriers of The Caroline Class The Caroline -class were all ordered in July to August 1913 as the first six of eight "light armoured cruisers" under under Construction and service HMS Caroline was built by Cammell Laird of Birkenhead. Stone frigate is a nickname for a naval establishment on land First-rate was the designation used by the Royal Navy for its largest ships of the line, those mounting 100 guns or more on three gundecks A ship-of-the-line was a type of naval warship constructed from the 17th century through the mid-19th century to take part in the the naval tactic known as the Line of battle Construction In December 1758 the commissioner of Chatham Dockyard was instructed to prepare a Dry dock for the construction of a new First-rate Fictional Many novels about the Royal Navy feature fictional ships, but most use real names.

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