 HMS Defence |
|
| Career |  |
|---|---|
| Name: | HMS Defence |
| Ordered: | 1904-05 Naval Programme |
| Builder: | Pembroke dockyard |
| Laid down: | February 25, 1905 |
| Launched: | April 24, 1907 |
| Commissioned: | February 9, 1909 |
| Fate: | Sunk at Battle of Jutland, May 31, 1916 |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement: | 14,600 tons |
| Length: | 490 ft (150 m) between perpendiculars 519 ft (158 m) overall |
| Beam: | 74. Pembroke Dock ( Doc Penfro) is a Town in Pembrokeshire, south-west Wales, lying north of Pembroke on the River Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting fix various bugs per WikipediaHow to fix bunched-up edit links --> Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year 5 ft (22. 7 m) |
| Draught: | 26 ft (7. 9 m) |
| Propulsion: | 24 Yarrow boilers 4 Cylinder Triple-expansion engines 2 shafts, 3-bladed propellers 27,000 hp |
| Speed: | 22. 9 knots |
| Complement: | 54 officers 849 enlisted 903 total |
| Armament: | 4 × 9. 2 in (234 mm) guns (2 × 2) 10 × 7. 5 in (191 mm) guns (10 × 1) 16 × 12 pounder guns (16 × 1) 5 × 18 in (457 mm) torpedo tubes, submerged |
HMS Defence was a Minotaur-class armoured cruiser of the Royal Navy, launched in 1907. Building Programme The following table gives the build details and purchase cost of the members of the Minotaur class The armored cruiser, or armoured cruiser (see spelling differences) is a type of Cruiser, a naval warship. The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) She was the last armoured cruiser built for the Royal Navy.
Career
She was stationed in the Mediterranean in early 1914. At the start of World War I, she was involved in the pursuit of Goeben and Breslau. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The pursuit of Goeben and Breslau was a naval action that occurred in the Mediterranean Sea at the outbreak of the First World War when She was ordered to the South Atlantic to take part in the hunt for Admiral Graf von Spee's squadron, but the squadron was destroyed on 8 December before she could reach the area. Maximilian Graf (Count von Spee ( 22 June 1861 - 8 December 1914) was a German Admiral, born in Copenhagen A squadron is a small unit or formation of Cavalry, armour, Aircraft (including Balloons) or Warships Army Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe.
She was the flagship of Rear Admiral Sir Robert Arbuthnot, leading the First Cruiser Squadron at the Battle of Jutland on 31 May 1916. Rear Admiral Sir Robert Keith Arbuthnot 4th Baronet, KCB, MVO ( 23 March 1864 &ndash 31 May 1916) was a fix various bugs per WikipediaHow to fix bunched-up edit links --> Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The other ships of the squadron (HMS Warrior, HMS Duke of Edinburgh, and HMS Black Prince) were of a similar outmoded class. History The Duke of Edinburgh was ordered under the 1903/1903 Naval programme Footnotes
While closing for the kill at high speed with the SMS Wiesbaden, drifting and crippled between the German and British fleets, Defence presented a target for the combined firepower of the German battlecruisers, whose proximity was hidden by smoke and mist. Specifications The keel was laid in 1913 at AG Vulcan in Stettin. Battlecruisers were large Warships in the first half of the 20th century that were first introduced by the British Royal Navy. After initial damage she was struck by a salvo which blew up her after magazine, triggering explosions on the ammunition rails leading to the broadside 7. See also firearms magazine for an explanation of the magazines used to load man-portable weapons 5 inch guns. Within seconds, another salvo immediately hit forward, and she blew up in a spectacular explosion, sinking with the loss of Arbuthnot and her entire complement of 903 men.
At the time, it was believed that Defence had been reduced to fragments by the explosion, but the wreck was discovered in 2001 by a diving team and found to be largely intact, despite the incredible violence of her sinking. [1]
Arbuthnot's actions, initially seen as entirely heroic, have remained a matter of historical debate. Admiral of the Fleet Lord Fisher described the event as "a glorious but not a justifiable death"[2] and Arbuthnot's judgement has been questioned over his manoeuvre prior to the sinking of the Defence: to turn his squadron across the path of the Grand Fleet. Admiral of the Fleet John Arbuthnot "Jackie" Fisher 1st Baron Fisher of Kilverstone, GCB, OM, GCVO ( 25 January 1841 The Grand Fleet was a Fleet of the British Royal Navy during the First World War. This blocked the fire of more powerful British ships, and required Beatty's flagship HMS Lion to change course to avoid collision with HMS Warrior, the two passing each other at under 200 yards). Admiral of the Fleet David Beatty 1st Earl Beatty GCB, OM, GCVO, DSO (17 January 1871 – 11 March 1936 was an Admiral [3][4]
References
- ^ Warships found, DIVER magazine, 29th June 2001
- ^ Lord Fisher on the navy - 11 September 1919, The Times, September 11, 1991
- ^ Who's Who in World War One, John M. Bourne, 2001 Routledge, ISBN 0415141796
- ^ Paul G. Halpern, Arbuthnot, Sir Robert Keith, fourth baronet (1864–1916), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, May 2006
- Robert Gardiner, ed. , Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860 - 1905 (Conway Maritime Press, London, 1978)
- R. A. Burt, Warships Illustrated Number 12, British Cruisers of World War I, (Arms and Armour Press, London, 1987)
- Colledge, J. J. and Warlow, Ben (2006). James Joseph Colledge (born 1908 was a noted naval Historian, author of Ships of the Royal Navy, the standard work on the fighting ships of the British Ships of the Royal Navy: the complete record of all fighting ships of the Royal Navy, Rev. For a list of ships of the Royal Navy, see List of Royal Navy ships. ed. , London: Chatham. ISBN 9781861762818. OCLC 67375475. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose
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