HD DVD
Media type	High-density optical disc
Encoding	VC-1, H.264, and MPEG-2
Capacity	15 GB (single layer) 30 GB (dual layer)
Read mechanism	1× @ 36 Mbit/s & 2× @ 72 Mbit/s
Developed by	DVD Forum
Usage	Data storage, including high-definition video

HD DVD or High-Definition Digital Versatile Disc is a high-density optical disc format designed for the storage of data and high-definition video. Mifu01jpg|200px|thumb|right|Chinese calligraphy written in a language content format by Song Dynasty (A VC-1 is the informal name of the SMPTE 421M Video codec standard initially developed by Microsoft. H264 is a standard for Video compression. It is also known as MPEG-4 Part 10, or MPEG-4 AVC (for Advanced Video Coding) MPEG-2 is a standard for "the generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information" A gigabyte (derived from the SI prefix Giga-) is a unit of Information or Computer A gigabyte (derived from the SI prefix Giga-) is a unit of Information or Computer In telecommunications Bit rate or Data transfer rate is the average number of Bits characters or blocks per unit time passing between equipment in a data transmission The DVD Forum is an international organization composed of hardware software media and content companies that use and develop the DVD and HD DVD formats High-definition (HD video generally refers to any video system of higher resolution than standard-definition (SD video most commonly at display resolutions of 1280×720 High-definition (HD video generally refers to any video system of higher resolution than standard-definition (SD video most commonly at display resolutions of 1280×720 ^[1] HD DVD was designed principally by Toshiba, and was envisaged to be the successor to the standard DVD format. ( is a multinational conglomerate manufacturing company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is However, in February 2008, Toshiba abandoned the format, announcing it would no longer develop or manufacture HD DVD players^[1].

HD DVD is derived from the same underlying technologies as DVD. Since all variants except the 3× DVD employed a blue laser with a shorter wavelength, it can store about 3¼ times as much data per layer as its predecessor (maximum capacity: 15 GB per layer instead of 4. not insert the publicly disclosed HD DVD key into this article for the time being The term blue laser is frequently applied to semiconductor Laser diode based on gallium nitride. 7 GB per layer).

Much like the VHS vs. Betamax format war during the late 1970s and early 1980s, HD DVD was in a "format war" with rival format Blu-ray Disc to determine which of the two formats would become the leading carrier for high-definition content to consumers. ---- Betamax is a home Videocassette tape recording format developed by Sony, and released on May 10, 1975. The videotape format war was a period of intense competition or " Format war " of incompatible models of Video cassette recorders (VCR in the late 1970s and A format war describes competition between mutually incompatible proprietary formats typically for Data storage devices and Recording formats for Electronic In 2008, major content manufacturers and key retailers began withdrawing their support for the format. not insert the publicly disclosed HD DVD key into this article for the time being Toshiba's withdrawal from the format ended the high definition optical disc format war, effectively making rival Blu-ray the dominant format for high definition video discs. ^[2] The HD DVD Promotion Group dissolved on March 28, 2008. ^[3]

As of June 2008, there are two HD DVD titles pending United States release on June 24, 2008 ^[4], these titles are widely expected to be the last releases as all of the studios releasing these titles (Bandai Visual and Vanguard Cinema) have said that they will no longer support the format. International holidays and commemorations June 8 - Dragon Boat Festival ( Traditional Chinese) June 9 - Shavuot Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common is a Japanese Anime, film production and distribution enterprise established by Bandai Co ^[5][6][7] The last releases from a major studio (Warner Bros. ) were P.S. I Love You and Twister, which were released on May 27, 2008, while the final HD DVD releases are expected to be Disco Pigs from Vanguard Cinema and Freedom: 6 from Bandai Visual. Twister is a 1996 Disaster film starring Helen Hunt and Bill Paxton as storm chasers researching Tornadoes Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Freedom Project is a Japanese promotional project by Nissin Cup Noodles for their 35th anniversary in 2006 The studio acknowledges the demise of HD DVD but says that it wants to complete the release of the seven-part Freedom Project of which five parts have already been released; one will be released on June 24, 2008 and the final in August 2008. Freedom Project is a Japanese promotional project by Nissin Cup Noodles for their 35th anniversary in 2006 International holidays May 1 - Labour Day ( Pakistan) May 1 - Labour Day ( Singapore) Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common ^[8]

Contents 1 History 1.1 Origins and competition from Blu-ray Disc 1.2 Attempts to avoid a format war 1.3 Launch 1.4 Sales developments 1.5 Decline 2 Technical specifications 2.1 Disc structure 3 Recording speed 3.1 File systems 3.2 Audio 3.3 Video 4 Digital rights management 5 Interactive content 6 Hardware 6.1 Compatibility 6.1.1 General purpose computers 6.2 Xbox 360 6.3 Dual-compatibility drives 7 HD DVD / Blu-ray disc comparison 8 Development 9 Variants and Media 9.1 HD DVD-R / -RW / -RAM 9.2 DVD / HD DVD hybrid discs 9.3 HD DVD / Blu-ray hybrid discs 9.4 3× DVD 9.5 HD REC 10 See also 10.1 Alternative disc technologies 11 References

History

Optical disc authoring v • d • e
Optical disc Optical disc image Optical disc drive Optical disc authoring Authoring software Recording technologies Recording modes Packet writing
Optical media types
Laserdisc (LD), Video Single Disc (VSD) Compact Disc (CD): Red Book, 5.1 Music Disc, SACD, PhotoCD, CD-R, CD-ROM, CD-RW, CD Video (CDV), Video CD (VCD), SVCD, CD+G, CD-Text, CD-ROM XA, CD-i MiniDisc (MD) (Hi-MD) DVD: DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-R DL, DVD+R DL, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RW DL, DVD+RW DL, DVD-RAM, DVD-D Ultra Density Optical (UDO) Universal Media Disc (UMD) HD DVD: HD DVD-R, HD DVD-RW, HD DVD-RAM, HD DVD-ROM Blu-ray Disc (BD): BD-R, BD-RE
Standards
Rainbow Books File systems ISO 9660 Joliet Rock Ridge El Torito Apple ISO 9660 Extensions Universal Disk Format (ISO 9660) (UDF) Mount Rainier
Further reading
History of optical storage media High definition optical disc format war

In the mid 1990s, commercial HDTV sets started to enter a larger market. Optical disc authoring, including DVD and Blu-ray Disc authoring (often referred to colloquially but improperly as burning) is the process of assembling In Computing, an optical disc drive ( ODD) is a Disk drive that uses Laser light or electromagnetic waves near the Light spectrum Optical disc authoring, including DVD and Blu-ray Disc authoring (often referred to colloquially but improperly as burning) is the process of assembling Optical disc authoring software is Computer software for authoring optical discs including CD-ROMs and DVDs They are also known by synonyms Optical disc authoring requires a number of different technologies working in tandem from the media to the firmware to the control electronics of the drive. In Optical disc authoring, there are multiple modes for recording including Disc-At-Once, Track-At-Once, and Session-At-Once. Packet writing is an Optical disc recording technology used to allow write-once and rewritable CD and DVD media to be used in a similar manner to a The Laserdisc (LD is an obsolete Home video disc format and was the first commercial Optical disc storage medium Video Single Disc (abbreviated as VSD was a disc-based format that carried the same analog video information as a Laserdisc, but on a 12-centimetre (4 A Compact Disc (also known as a CD) is an Optical disc used to store digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio Red Book is the standard for audio CDs ( Compact Disc Digital Audio system or CDDA) The DTS-CD, DTS Audio CD or 51 Music Disc (official name is an audio Compact Disc that contains music in Surround sound format Super Audio CD ( SACD) is a read-only optical audio disc format that can provide higher fidelity digital audio reproduction than the Red Photo CD is a system designed by Kodak for digitizing and storing photos in a CD A CD-R ( C ompact D isc- R ecordable is a variation of the Compact Disc invented by Philips and Sony. CD-ROM (an initialism of "Compact Disc Read-Only Memory " is a pre-pressed Compact Disc that contains data accessible to but not writable Compact Disc ReWritable (CD-RW is a rewritable Optical disc format This article is about 'CD Video' a hybrid analog/digital format Super Video CD ( Super Video Compact Disc or SVCD) is a Digital format for storing Video on standard Compact discs SVCD was intended A CD+G (also known as CD+Graphics) is a special audio Compact disc that contains Graphics Data in addition to the audio data CD-Text is an extension of the Red Book Compact Disc specifications standard for Audio CDs It allows for storage of additional information (e CD-ROM XA is an extension of the Yellow Book Mode 2 standard for CD-ROMs that combines compressed audio visual and computer data allowing all to be accessed CD-i or Compact Disc Interactive is the name of an interactive multimedia CD player developed and marketed by Royal Philips Electronics N A MiniDisc ( MD) is a Magneto-optical disc-based Data storage device initially intended for storage of up to 80 minutes of digitized audio In January 2004 Sony announced the Hi-MD media storage format as a further development of the MiniDisc-Format. DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is DVD-R is a DVD recordable format A DVD-R typically has a storage capacity of 4 A DVD+R is a once-writable Optical disc with 47 GB (4377 GiB) of storage capacity (more precisely 2295104 sectors of 2048 Bytes DVD-R DL (DL stands for Dual Layer) also called DVD-R9, is a derivative of the DVD-R format standard DVD+R DL (DL stands for Double Layer) also called DVD+R9, is a derivative of the DVD+R format created by the DVD+RW Alliance. A DVD-RW disc is a rewritable Optical disc with equal storage capacity to a DVD-R, typically 4 DVD+RW is the name of a standard for Optical discs one of several types of DVD, which hold up to about 4 DVD-RW DL is a rewritable Optical disc standard with storage capacity of 8 A DVD+RW DL is a rewritable Optical disc with storage capacity of 8 DVD-RAM ( DVD – Random Access Memory) is a disc specification presented in 1996 by the DVD Forum, which specifies rewritable DVD-RAM media and the appropriate DVD-Ds, also referred to as disposable DVDs are a type of digital video disc that is designed to be used for a maximum 48 hours after the containing package is opened Ultra Density Optical ( UDO) is an Optical disc format designed for high-density storage of high-definition video and The Universal Media Disc ( UMD) is an Optical disc medium developed by Sony for use on the PlayStation Portable. not insert the publicly disclosed HD DVD key into this article for the time being not insert the publicly disclosed HD DVD key into this article for the time being not insert the publicly disclosed HD DVD key into this article for the time being not insert the publicly disclosed HD DVD key into this article for the time being Blu-ray Disc recordable (or BD-R) refers to two Optical disc formats that can be recorded with an Optical disc recorder. For the series of US government publications on Computer security standards see Rainbow Series. ISO 9660 a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO defines a File system for CD-ROM media Joliet is the name of an extension to the ISO 9660 File system. The Rock Ridge Interchange Protocol (RRIP IEEE P1282 is an extension to the ISO 9660 volume format which adds POSIX File system semantics The El Torito Bootable CD Specification is an extension to the ISO 9660 CD-ROM specification The primary file system for Apple Macintosh computers is HFS (or HFS+ The Universal Disk Format ( UDF) is a format specification of a File system for storing files on optical media Mount Rainier ( MRW) is a format for writable Optical discs which provides the Packet writing and defect management Although research into Optical data storage has been ongoing for many decades the first popular system was the Compact Disc, introduced in 1982, adapted to data High-definition television (HDTV is a Digital television Broadcasting system with higher resolution than traditional television systems (standard-definition However, there was no cheap way to record or play back HD content. There was no cheap storage medium that could store that amount of data, except JVC's Digital VHS and Sony's HDCAM. D-VHS is a Digital video format developed by JVC, in collaboration with Hitachi, Matsushita, and Philips. HDCAM, introduced in 1997, is an HD version of Digital Betacam, using an 8-bit DCT compressed 311 recording in 1080i -compatible ^[9] However, it was well known that using lasers with shorter wavelengths would yield optical storage with higher density. When Shuji Nakamura invented practical blue laser diodes, it was a sensation, although a lengthy patent lawsuit delayed commercial introduction. The term blue laser is frequently applied to semiconductor Laser diode based on gallium nitride. ^[10]

Origins and competition from Blu-ray Disc

Sony started two projects applying the new diodes: UDO (Ultra Density Optical) and DVR Blue (together with Pioneer), a format of rewritable discs which would eventually become Blu-ray (more specifically, BD-RE). Ultra Density Optical ( UDO) is an Optical disc format designed for high-density storage of high-definition video and ( is a Multinational Corporation that specializes in digital entertainment products based in Tokyo, Japan. ^[11] The core technologies of the formats are essentially similar. The first DVR Blue prototypes were unveiled at the CEATEC exhibition in October 2000. Combined Exhibition of Advanced Technologies (also known as CEATEC is an annual Trade show in Japan. ^[12] In February 2002, the project was officially announced as Blu-ray,^[13] and the Blu-ray Disc Association was founded by the nine initial members. The Blu-ray Disc Association ( BDA) is the industry Consortium that develops and licenses Blu-ray Disc technology and is responsible for establishing format

The DVD Forum (which was chaired by Toshiba) was deeply split over whether to go with the more expensive blue lasers or not. The DVD Forum is an international organization composed of hardware software media and content companies that use and develop the DVD and HD DVD formats ( is a multinational conglomerate manufacturing company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. Although today's Blu-ray Discs appear virtually identical to a standard DVD, when the Blu-ray Discs were initially developed they required a protective caddy to avoid mis-handling by the consumer. (Early CD-Rs also featured a protective caddy for the same purpose. ) The Blu-ray prototype's caddy was both expensive and physically different from DVD, posing several problems. ^[14] In March 2002, the forum voted to approve a proposal endorsed by Warner Bros. and other motion picture studios that involved compressing HD content onto dual-layer DVD-9 discs. Warner Bros Entertainment Inc (or Warner Bros, Warner Bros Pictures) is one of the world's largest producers of Film and A movie studio (aka film studio) is in the established sense of the term a company that distributes films. DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is ^[15][16] However, in spite of this decision, the DVD Forum's Steering Committee announced in April that it was pursuing its own blue-laser high-definition solution. In August, Toshiba and NEC announced their competing standard Advanced Optical Disc. ^[17] It was finally adopted by the DVD forum and renamed to HD DVD the next year,^[18] after being voted down twice by Blu-ray Disc Association members, prompting the U. S. Department of Justice to make preliminary investigations into the situation. ^[19][20] Three new members had to be invited and the voting rules changed before the vote finally passed. ^[21][22]

Attempts to avoid a format war

Main article: High definition optical disc format war

In an attempt to avoid a costly format war, the Blu-ray Disc Association and DVD Forum attempted to negotiate a compromise in early 2005. One of the issues was that Blu-ray's supporters wanted to use a Java-based platform for interactivity (BD-J based on Sun Microsystem's Java TV standards), while the DVD Forum was promoting Microsoft's "iHD" (which became HDi). HDi (formerly iHD) is Microsoft 's implementation of the Advanced Content interactivity layer in HD DVD. ^[23] A much larger issue, though, was the physical formats of the discs themselves; the Blu-ray Disc Association's member companies did not want to risk losing billions of dollars in royalties as they had done with standard DVD. ^[24] An agreement seemed close, but negotiations proceeded slowly and ultimately stalled. ^[25]

On August 22, 2005, the Blu-ray Disc Association and DVD Forum announced that the negotiations to unify their standards had failed. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[26] Rumors surfaced that talks had stalled; publicly, the same reasons of physical format incompatibility were cited. ^[24][27] In the end of September, Microsoft and Intel jointly announced their support for HD DVD. ^[28]

Hewlett Packard (HP) made a last ditch attempt to broker a peace between the Blu-ray Disc Association and Microsoft by demanding that Blu-ray association adopt Microsoft's HDi instead of its own Java solution and threatening to support HD DVD instead. HDi (formerly iHD) is Microsoft 's implementation of the Advanced Content interactivity layer in HD DVD. ^[29] However, the Blu-ray Disc group did not accept HP's proposal. ^[30]

Launch

On March 31, 2006 Toshiba released their first consumer-based HD DVD player in Japan at ¥110,000 (US$934),^[31] beating Blu-ray to the market by about three months. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been ^[32] HD DVD was released in United States on April 18, 2006,^[33] with players priced at $499 and $799. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

The first HD DVD titles were released on April 18, 2006. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. They were The Last Samurai, Million Dollar Baby, and The Phantom of the Opera by Warner Home Video and Serenity by Universal Studios. The Last Samurai is a 2003 Drama film / War film directed and co-produced by Edward Zwick, who also co-wrote the Screenplay based on Million Dollar Baby is a 2004 Film directed by Clint Eastwood and starring Eastwood Hilary Swank, and Morgan The Phantom of the Opera is a 2004 film adaptation of Andrew Lloyd Webber and Charles Hart 's 1986 stage musical, which is based Warner Home Video is the Home video unit of Warner Bros Entertainment Inc Serenity is a 2005 space western Film written and directed by Joss Whedon. Universal Studios (sometimes called Universal Pictures or Universal City Studios) a subsidiary of NBC Universal, is a major Global American ^[34] The first independent HD film released on HD DVD was One Six Right. One Six Right The Romance of Flying is an Independent film about the General aviation industry as seen through a local airport ^[35][36]

Sales developments

In December 2006 Toshiba reported that roughly 120,000 Toshiba branded HD DVD players had been sold in the United States, along with 150,000 HD DVD add-on units for the Xbox 360. Events in December Union Day of Romania (1 December World AIDS Day ( December 1) National Day of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Xbox 360 is the second Video game console produced by Microsoft, and was developed in cooperation with IBM, ATI, and SiS. ^[37]

On April 18, 2007, one year after the first HD DVD titles were released^[38], the HD DVD group reported that they had sold 100,000 dedicated HD DVD units in the United States. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[39]

In the middle of 2007, the first HD DVD Recorders were released in Japan. ^[40]

In November 2007, the Toshiba HD-A2 was the first high definition player to be sold at a sale price of less than US$100; this was done through several major retailers to make room for the new HD-A3 models. Events in November All Saints' Day (formerly All Hallows Day a Christian holy day is celebrated on November 1, the day after Halloween These closeout sales lasted less than a day each due to both limited quantities and high demand at that price point. In the same month, the HD DVD promotion group announced that 750,000 HD DVD players had been sold, which included stand-alone players and the Xbox 360 add-on. ^[41]

In January 2008 Toshiba announced that close to one million dedicated HD DVD players had been sold. Events in January Holidays New Year's Day - January 1 Coptic Christmas - January 7 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common ^[42]

As of February 12, 2008, 386 HD DVD titles had been released in the USA. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common ^[43] As of 29 April 2008, 236 HD DVD titles had been released in Japan, with 4 titles pending to be released, with release date to be determined. Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common ^[44]

Decline

On 4 January 2008 citing consumer confusion and indifference as a reason for lackluster high-definition software sales, Warner Bros. announced they would stop supporting HD DVD by June 2008, and the company would release HD titles only on Blu-ray Disc. Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Warner Bros Entertainment Inc (or Warner Bros, Warner Bros Pictures) is one of the world's largest producers of Film and ^[45] This was followed by news of Netflix phasing out support for the format, and Best Buy's decision to recommend Blu-ray Disc over HD DVD in its retail locations and to remove HD DVD players as part of their ongoing "HDTV advantage" promotion. Netflix ( is the largest Online DVD rental service offering Flat rate rental-by-mail and online streaming to customers in the United States Best Buy Co Inc ( is a Fortune 100 company and the largest specialty retailer of Consumer electronics in the United States and Canada Finally, Wal-Mart announced that they would be supporting only Blu-ray by June 2008. Wal-Mart Stores Inc (or Walmart as written in its new logo is an American public corporation that runs a chain of large discount department stores On February 19, 2008, Toshiba announced their decision to discontinue development and marketing of the HD DVD format. Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common ( is a multinational conglomerate manufacturing company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. The company cited "recent major changes in the market". ^[2] According to Toshiba, HD DVD Player (playback only) had sold approx. ( is a multinational conglomerate manufacturing company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. 10,000 sets in Japan and approx. 700,000 worldwide. TV broadcasting program recordable HD DVD recorders sold approx. 20,000 in Japan. HD DVD Drive for PC, add-on for Microsoft Xbox 360 and others is approx. A personal computer ( PC) is any Computer whose original sales price size and capabilities make it useful for individuals and which is intended to be operated Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer The Xbox 360 is the second Video game console produced by Microsoft, and was developed in cooperation with IBM, ATI, and SiS. 20,000 in Japan and approx. 300,000 worldwide. Toshiba will continue support by holding spare parts for eight years after sales have stopped. ^[46] Shipments of HD DVD machines to retailers will be reduced and will stop by the end of March 2008. As of February 2008, Toshiba has announced plans to discontinue development, marketing and manufacturing while still providing product support and after-sale service to consumers of the format. ^[47]

Technical specifications

The current specifications for HD DVD-ROM and HD DVD-RW are version 1. not insert the publicly disclosed HD DVD key into this article for the time being not insert the publicly disclosed HD DVD key into this article for the time being 0. The specification for HD DVD-R is currently at 0. not insert the publicly disclosed HD DVD key into this article for the time being 9; the HD DVD-RAM specification is not yet finalized. not insert the publicly disclosed HD DVD key into this article for the time being

Disc structure

HD DVD-ROM has a single-layer capacity of 15 GB, and a dual-layer capacity of 30 GB. not insert the publicly disclosed HD DVD key into this article for the time being A gigabyte (derived from the SI prefix Giga-) is a unit of Information or Computer

HD DVD-R and HD DVD-RW have a single-layer capacity of 15 GB, a dual-layer capacity of 30 GB. not insert the publicly disclosed HD DVD key into this article for the time being not insert the publicly disclosed HD DVD key into this article for the time being HD DVD-RAM has a single-layer capacity of 20 GB. not insert the publicly disclosed HD DVD key into this article for the time being ^[48] Like the original DVD format, the data layer of an HD DVD is 0. 6 mm below the surface to physically protect the data layer from damage. The numerical aperture of the optical pick-up head is 0. In Optics, the numerical aperture ( NA) of an optical system is a Dimensionless number that characterizes the range of angles over which the system can accept 65, compared with 0. 6 for DVD. All HD DVD players are backward compatible with DVD and CD. ^[49]

Physical size	Single layer capacity	Dual layer capacity
12 cm, single sided	15 GB	30 GB
12 cm, double sided	30 GB	60 GB
8 cm, single sided	4. 7 GB	9. 4 GB
8 cm, double sided	9. 4 GB	18. 8 GB

Recording speed

Drive speed	Data rate		Write time for HD DVD Disc (minutes)
	Mbit/s	MB/s	Single Layer	Dual Layer
1×	36	4. In telecommunications Bit rate or Data transfer rate is the average number of Bits characters or blocks per unit time passing between equipment in a data transmission In telecommunications Bit rate or Data transfer rate is the average number of Bits characters or blocks per unit time passing between equipment in a data transmission 5	56	110
2×	72	9	28	55

File systems

As with previous optical disc formats, HD DVD supports several file systems, such as ISO 9660 and Universal Disk Format (UDF). In Computing, a file system (often also written as filesystem) is a method for storing and organizing Computer files and the data they contain to make ISO 9660 a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO defines a File system for CD-ROM media The Universal Disk Format ( UDF) is a format specification of a File system for storing files on optical media Currently all HD DVD titles use UDF version 2. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 5 as the file system.

Audio

HD DVDs support encoding in up to 24-bit/192 kHz for two channels, or up to eight channels of up to 24-bit/96 kHz encoding. ^[50] For reference, even new big-budget Hollywood films are mastered in only 24-bit/48 kHz, with 16-bit/48 kHz being common for ordinary films.

All HD DVD players are required to decode linear (uncompressed) PCM, Dolby Digital AC-3, Dolby Digital EX, DTS, Dolby Digital Plus and Dolby TrueHD. Dolby Digital is the marketing name for a series of lossy audio compression technologies developed by Dolby Dolby Digital is the marketing name for a series of lossy audio compression technologies developed by Dolby DTS (also known as Digital Theater Systems) owned by DTS Inc ( is a multi-channel digital Surround sound format used for both commercial/theatrical Dolby Digital Plus ( DD+ or E-AC-3) is a digital audio compression scheme developed specifically for the introduction of HD DVD and Blu-ray Dolby TrueHD is an advanced lossless multi-channel audio codec developed by Dolby Laboratories which is intended primarily for high-definition home-entertainment ^[51] A secondary soundtrack, if present, can be stored in any of the aforementioned formats, or in one of the HD DVD optional codecs: DTS-HD High Resolution Audio and DTS-HD Master Audio. DTS (also known as Digital Theater Systems) owned by DTS Inc ( is a multi-channel digital Surround sound format used for both commercial/theatrical DTS-HD Master Audio is a lossless audio Codec created by Digital Theater System.

For the highest-fidelity audio experience, HD DVD offers content-producers the choice of linear PCM, Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD Master Audio. Due to the high-bandwidth requirements of linear-PCM, lossless audio on HD DVD movies has thus far been delivered in the lossless format Dolby TrueHD. Lossless data compression is a class of Data compression Algorithms that allows the exact original data to be reconstructed from the compressed data

Video

The HD DVD format supports a wide variety of resolutions, from low-resolution CIF and SDTV, all video resolutions supported by the DVD-Video standard, and up to HDTV formats such as 720p, 1080i and 1080p. CIF ( Common Intermediate Format) also known as FCIF ( Full Common Intermediate Format) is a format used to standardize the horizontal and vertical DVD-Video is a consumer video format used to store digital video on DVD (DVD-ROM discs and is currently the dominant form of consumer video formats in the United High-definition television (HDTV is a Digital television Broadcasting system with higher resolution than traditional television systems (standard-definition 720p is the shorthand name for a category of HDTV video modes ^[50] HD DVD supports video encoded in MPEG-2 which is what is used in DVDs as well as the new formats VC-1 and AVC which are more efficient. MPEG-2 is a standard for "the generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information" VC-1 is the informal name of the SMPTE 421M Video codec standard initially developed by Microsoft. H264 is a standard for Video compression. It is also known as MPEG-4 Part 10, or MPEG-4 AVC (for Advanced Video Coding) All movie titles released so far have had the feature encoded in 1080p, with most supplements in 480i or 480p. 480i is the shorthand name for a video mode The i, which is sometimes uppercase stands for Interlaced, the 480 for a vertical frame resolution 480p is the shorthand name for a video display resolution The p stands for Progressive scan, i Almost all titles are encoded with VC-1, and most of the remaining titles encoded with AVC. VC-1 is the informal name of the SMPTE 421M Video codec standard initially developed by Microsoft. H264 is a standard for Video compression. It is also known as MPEG-4 Part 10, or MPEG-4 AVC (for Advanced Video Coding)

Digital rights management

Main article: Advanced Access Content System

If a publisher wishes to restrict use of their HD DVD content, they may use the Advanced Access Content System (AACS) although this is not required for normal disc playback. The Advanced Access Content System ( AACS) is a standard for Content distribution and Digital rights management, intended to restrict access AACS is a standard for content distribution and digital rights management. Content delivery describes the delivery of Digital media "content" such as Digital audio or Digital video or Computer software Digital rights management ( DRM) is a generic term that refers to Access control technologies used by hardware manufacturers publishers and Copyright holders It is developed by AACS Licensing Administrator, LLC (AACS LA), a consortium that includes Disney, Intel, Microsoft, Matsushita (Panasonic), Warner Bros., IBM, Toshiba and Sony. A consortium is an association of two or more individuals companies organizations or governments (or any combination of these entities with the objective of participating Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer Warner Bros Entertainment Inc (or Warner Bros, Warner Bros Pictures) is one of the world's largest producers of Film and International Business Machines Corporation abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational Computer Technology ( is a multinational conglomerate manufacturing company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. is a multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato Tokyo, Japan, and one of the world's largest Media conglomerates with One of the advantages over CSS, the content restriction system for DVDs, is that AACS allows content providers to revoke an individual player device if its cryptographic keys have been compromised (meaning that it will not be able to decrypt subsequently released content). Content Scramble System ( CSS) is a Digital Rights Management (DRM scheme used on almost all commercially produced DVD -Video discs There is no Region Coding in the existing HD DVD specification, which means that titles from any country can be played in players in any other country. Regional lockout is the programming practice code chip or physical barrier used to prevent the playing of media designed for a device from the country where it is marketed on the This was likely to give the format some advantage in Europe and other places where consumers are now used to using multi-region players to play DVDs purchased in the US or through the extensive grey market.

Since appearing in devices in 2006, several successful attacks have been made on the format. The first known attack relied on the trusted client problem. In Computing, a trusted client is a device or program controlled by the user of a service but with restrictions designed to prevent its use in ways not authorised by the provider In addition, decryption keys have been extracted from a weakly protected player (WinDVD). WinDVD (from Corel Corporation which had bought InterVideo) is a commercial video player and music player software for Microsoft Notably, a Processing Key was found that could be used to decrypt all HD content that had been released at the time. ^[52] The processing key was widely published on the Internet after it was found and the AACS LA sent multiple DMCA takedown notices in the aim of censoring it. ^[53] This caused trouble on some sites that rely on user-submitted content, like Digg and Wikipedia, when administrators tried to remove any mentions of the key. Digg is a Website made for people to discover and share content from anywhere on the Internet, by submitting links and stories and voting and commenting on submitted ***************************************************************************************** * * ^[54][55]

For more details on this topic, see AACS encryption key controversy. Before editing this article or commenting on this article's talk page please read the Electronic Frontier Foundation's legal primer on this issue http//www

AACS has also been circumvented by SlySoft with their program AnyDVD HD, which allows users to watch HD DVD movies on non-HDCP-compliant PC hardware. SlySoft Inc is a Software company located in the capital city St AnyDVD is a Microsoft Windows driver allowing decryption of DVDs On-the-fly, as well as targeted removal of copy preventions and UOPs High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection ( HDCP) is a form of digital Copy protection developed by Intel Corporation to prevent copying of digital audio Slysoft has stated that AnyDVD HD uses several different mechanisms to disable the encryption, and is not dependent on the use of a single compromised encryption key. ^[56] Other AACS circumvention programs have become available, like DVDFab HD Decrypter. ^[57]

Interactive content

HD DVDs use the HDi Interactive Format to allow interactive content to be authored for discs. HDi (formerly iHD) is Microsoft 's implementation of the Advanced Content interactivity layer in HD DVD. HDi is based on web technologies such as HTML, XML, CSS, SMIL, and ECMAScript (JavaScript), so authoring in HDi should be a fairly easy transition for web developers. HTML, an initialism of HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant Markup language for Web pages It provides a means to describe the structure Don't change "Extensible" ECMAScript is a Scripting language, standardized by Ecma International in the ECMA-262 specification. JavaScript is a Scripting language most often used for Client-side web development No existing DVD authoring experience is required. In contrast, Blu-ray Disc content is authored using either a scripting environment for basic content, or a Java-based platform (BD-J) for advanced content. DVD video discs utilize pre-rendered MPEG segments, selectable subtitle pictures, and simple programmatic navigation which is considerably more limited.

Hardware

Compatibility

Backward compatibility is available with all HD DVD players, allowing users to have a single player to play all types of HD DVD, DVD and CD. In Technology, especially Computing (irrespective of platform a product is said to be backward compatible when it is able to take the place of an older product There is also a hybrid HD DVD format which contains both DVD and HD DVD versions of the same movie on a single disc, providing a smooth transition for the studios in terms of publishing movies, and allowing consumers with only DVD players to still use the discs. DVD replication companies can continue using their current production equipment with only minor alterations when changing over to the format of HD DVD replication. Due to the structure of the single-lens optical head, both red and blue laser diodes can be used in smaller, more compact HD DVD players.

General purpose computers

HD DVD drives can also be used with a desktop/laptop personal computer (PC) running Windows XP, Windows Vista, Mac OS X v10.5 "Leopard", and many varieties of Linux. Windows XP is a family of 32-bit and 64-bit Operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and Windows Vista (ˈvɪstə is a line of Operating systems developed by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and business desktops Mac OS X version 105 “Leopard” is the sixth major release of Mac OS X, Apple’s desktop and server Operating system for Macintosh Linux (commonly pronounced ˈlɪnəks Third-party player software for Windows and Linux have successfully played HD DVD titles using the add-on drive. First-party (Apple, Inc.) player software is included with Leopard, making it the first operating system (OS) to ship with native HD DVD playing software, albeit limited to HD DVDs authored by DVD Studio Pro. Apple Inc, ( formerly Apple Computer Inc, is an American Multinational corporation with a focus on designing and manufacturing Consumer electronics DVD Studio Pro is a high-end software tool published by Apple Inc ^[58]

Xbox 360

For more details on this topic, see Xbox 360 HD DVD Player

Released at the end of November 2006, the Microsoft HD DVD drive for the Xbox 360 game-console gives the Xbox 360 the ability to play HD DVD movies. Technology The HD DVD player connects to the Xbox 360 using a USB connection Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer The Xbox 360 is the second Video game console produced by Microsoft, and was developed in cooperation with IBM, ATI, and SiS. The drive was announced with an MSRP of US$199 and includes a USB 2.0 cable for connection to the console. The ( manufacturer's) suggested retail price ( MSRP or SRP) list price or recommended retail price ( RRP) (originally The first drives also included Peter Jackson's King Kong on HD DVD. King Kong is a 2005 Remake of the 1933 film of the same name about a fictional giant ape called Kong. The final "regular" for the drive was US$129. 99 as of February 25, 2008. Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common On February 23, 2008 Microsoft discontinued the Xbox 360 HD DVD player. Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common On February 26, 2008, Microsoft "officially" announced that the Xbox 360 HD DVD add on drive would reflect a heavily discounted price down to $49. Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common 99. ^[59]

Dual-compatibility drives

In 2007, LG and Samsung released standalone consumer players that could read both HD DVD and Blu-ray discs. The Samsung Group ( Korean:, Samsung Guerup) is South Korea 's largest company or Chaebol and the world's largest conglomerate The machines were sold at premium prices, but failed to sell in large quantities. In May 2008, both companies announced they would stop manufacturing dual-compatibility drives. ^[60]

A few computer manufacturers (most notably HP and Acer) sold computers with combination HD DVD/Blu-ray drives. Acer Incorporated ( ( is a Taiwanese multinational electronics manufacturer

HD DVD / Blu-ray disc comparison

Main article: Comparison of high definition optical disc formats

HD DVD competed primarily with Blu-ray Disc. This article compares the technical specifications of HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc, two mutually incompatible high definition optical disc formats that beginning in 2006 attempted Both formats were designed as successors to DVD, capable of higher quality video and audio playback, and of greater capacity when used to store video, audio, and computer data. DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is Blu-ray and HD DVD share most of the same methods of encoding media onto disks with each other, resulting in equivalent levels of audio and visual quality, but differ in other aspects such as interactive capabilities, Internet integration, usage control and enforcement, and even in the degree to which their specifications are fixed. The storage size also varies: A dual-layer HD DVD holds a maximum of 30 GB of data (although there had been an announcement of a 51 GB version), and a comparable Blu-ray Disc holds a maximum of 50 GB.

Development

Even after finalizing the HD DVD standard, engineers continued developing the technology. A 51 GB triple-layer spec was approved at the DVD Forums 40th Steering Committee Meeting (held on November 15, 2007). Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[61] However, no movies had been scheduled for this disc type, and Toshiba had declined to say whether the 51 GB disc was compatible with existing drives and players. Specification 2. 0 Part 1 (Physical Specification) for triple layer HD DVD had been approved in November 2007. ^[62] At the CES 2007, Ritek revealed their high definition optical disc process that extended both competing high definition formats to ten layers, increasing capacity to 150 GB for HD DVD and 250 GB for Blu-ray Disc. The International Consumer Electronics Show (CES is a Trade show held each January in Las Vegas, Nevada, and is sponsored Ritek Corporation is a Taiwanese consumer electronics group specializing in optical media products flash memory MP3 players OLED displays and plastics However, a major obstacle to implementing this technology in Blu-ray (150GB HD DVD will not be developed due to HD DVD's discontinuation) is that reader-writer technology available may not have support the additional data layers. ^[63]

NEC,^[64] Broadcom,^[65] Horizon Semiconductors, and STMicroelectronics^[65] have separately developed a single chip/laser that can read both the HD DVD and the Blu-ray disc standard. is a Japanese multinational IT company headquartered in Minato Tokyo, Japan. Broadcom Corporation is an American supplier of Integrated circuits (ICs for broadband communications Horizon Semiconductors is a major technology innovator and provider of highly integrated silicon solutions that enable the secured delivery of voice video data and multimedia STMicroelectronics (,)is an franco-italian Electronics and Semiconductor manufacturer headquartered in in Geneva, Switzerland. Broadcom and STMicroelectronics will be selling their dual-format single chip/laser solution to any OEM willing to develop a product based on the chip. An original equipment manufacturer, or OEM is typically a company that uses a component made by a second company in its own product or sells the product of the second company

Variants and Media

HD DVD-R / -RW / -RAM

HD DVD-R is the writable disc variant of HD DVD, available with a single-layer capacity of 15 GB or a dual-layer capacity of 30 GB. ^[66] Write speeds depend on drive speed, with a data rate of 36. 55 Mbit/s (4. 36 MB/s) and a recording time of 56 minutes for 1× media, and 73 Mbit/s (8. 71 MB/s) and a recording time of 28 minutes for 2×.

The Toshiba SD-L902A for notebooks was one of the first available HD DVD writers, although it was not meant for retail. ^[67][68] Burning HD DVD (including Dual Layer) with a 1× write speed, it could also burn DVDs and CDs. In a test of the SD-L902A by C't computer magazine with Verbatim discs, the written HD DVD-Rs suffered from high noise levels^[69]; as a result, the written discs could not be recognized by the external HD DVD drive of the Xbox 360, though they could be read back by the SD-L902A. c't (short for Computertechnik, ie computer technology originally an abbreviation for computing today) is a German computer Magazine, published The Xbox 360 Game console, developed by Microsoft, features a number of first-party and third-party accessories ^[70]

HD DVD-RW is the rewritable disc variant of HD DVD with equal storage capacity to an HD DVD-R. The primary advantage of HD DVD-RW over HD DVD-R is the ability to erase and rewrite to an HD DVD-RW disc, up to about 1,000 times before needing replacement, making them comparable with the CD-RW and DVD-RW standards. This is also of benefit if there are writing errors when recording data, as the disc is not ruined and can still store data by erasing the faulty data.

HD DVD-RAM was the proposed successor to DVD-RAM for random access on optical media using phase-change principals. It would hold 20 gigabytes per layer instead of 15 gigabytes for HD DVD-R, due to differences in recording methods used, yielding a higher density disc. The future of this format is uncertain, given Toshiba's announcement of withdrawal of support for the HD DVD format as a whole.

DVD / HD DVD hybrid discs

There are two types of hybrid formats which contain standard DVD-Video format video for playback in regular DVD players, and HD DVD video for playback in high definition on HD DVD players. DVD-Video is a consumer video format used to store digital video on DVD (DVD-ROM discs and is currently the dominant form of consumer video formats in the United The Combo disc is a dual sided disc with one side DVD and the other HD DVD, each of which can have up to two layers. The Twin disc is a single sided disc that can have up to three layers, with up to two layers dedicated to either DVD or HD DVD. ^[71] These hybrid discs make retail marketing and shelf space management easier. Another advantage is hardware cross-compatibility. The average consumer doesn't have to worry about whether or not they can play a hybrid DVD: any standard home DVD player can access the DVD-encoded content and any HD DVD player can access both the DVD- and HD DVD-encoded content.

HD DVD / Blu-ray hybrid discs

Warner Bros. officially announced Total Hi Def (THD or Total HD) at CES 2007. Total Hi Def Disc, also called Total HD or THD, was a planned Optical disc format that included both of the rival High-definition optical disc formats The International Consumer Electronics Show (CES is a Trade show held each January in Las Vegas, Nevada, and is sponsored THD hybrid discs were to support both HD DVD and Blu-ray, with HD DVD on one side (up to two layers) and Blu-ray on the other side (up to two layers). However, in November of 2007 Warner Bros. cancelled THD development. ^[72]

3× DVD

The HD DVD format also applies to current red laser DVDs; this type of disc is called "3× DVD", as it is capable of three times the bandwidth of regular DVD-Video. DVD-Video is a consumer video format used to store digital video on DVD (DVD-ROM discs and is currently the dominant form of consumer video formats in the United

3× DVDs are physically identical to normal DVDs. Although 3× DVDs provide the same high definition content, their playback time is less. For example, an 8. 5 GB DVD can hold about 85 minutes of 1080p video encoded with VC-1 or AVC at an average bitrate of 13 Mbit/s, suitable for short subjects (training films, home movies, very short feature films), but unsuitable for most feature film-length content. VC-1 is the informal name of the SMPTE 421M Video codec standard initially developed by Microsoft. H264 is a standard for Video compression. It is also known as MPEG-4 Part 10, or MPEG-4 AVC (for Advanced Video Coding) In Telecommunications and Computing, bitrate (sometimes written bit rate, data rate or as a Variable R or f b In the Film industry, a feature film is a Film made for initial distribution in theaters and being the "main attraction" of the screening

It is technically possible for consumers to create HD DVD compatible discs using low cost DVD-R or DVD+R media. At least one such guide exists. ^[73] The 3× DVD is comparable to Blu-ray BD5 and BD9 formats.

HD REC

HD Rec is an extension of the HD DVD format for storing HD content on regular red laser DVDs using H.264/MPEG-4 AVC compression. H264 is a standard for Video compression. It is also known as MPEG-4 Part 10, or MPEG-4 AVC (for Advanced Video Coding) ^[74] It was approved by the DVD Forum on September 12, 2007^[75] It is comparable to Blu-ray's AVCREC. The DVD Forum is an international organization composed of hardware software media and content companies that use and develop the DVD and HD DVD formats Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

See also

• HD DVD Promotion Group
• List of HD DVD devices
• Comparison of high definition optical disc formats
• Format war
• High definition optical disc format war
• HDTV quality DVD Player
• CH-DVD
• Dolby Digital Plus, one of the mandatory audio codecs for HD DVD hardware. This is a list of released or upcoming electronic devices that are capable of playing HD DVDs See also List of Blu-ray Disc devices This article compares the technical specifications of HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc, two mutually incompatible high definition optical disc formats that beginning in 2006 attempted A format war describes competition between mutually incompatible proprietary formats typically for Data storage devices and Recording formats for Electronic HDTV quality DVD Player refers to an upcoming line of DVD players developed by Toshiba with alleged High-definition playback quality Dolby Digital Plus ( DD+ or E-AC-3) is a digital audio compression scheme developed specifically for the introduction of HD DVD and Blu-ray
• 1080p, high-definition resolution supported by HD DVD and Blu-ray. ^[76]
• MUSE LD – an earlier optical disc which contained analog HDTV signals
• D-VHS – a tape-based format that allows recording of 720 or 1080 high-def DTV, while remaining compatible with older VHS libraries
• Advanced Interactivity Consortium

Alternative disc technologies

• Blu-ray Disc
• Fluorescent Multilayer Disc
• Digital Multilayer Disk
• High-Definition Versatile Disc
• Holographic Versatile Disc – a proposed next-generation disc after HD DVD and Blu-ray
• 3D optical data storage – another next-generation technology
• Tapestry Media
• Ultra Density Optical
• AVCHD
• Enhanced Versatile Disc (EVD)
• Forward Versatile Disc (FVD)
• Professional Disc for DATA (PDD or ProDATA)
• Versatile Multilayer Disc
• LS-R – a "layer selection" technology designed to allow large numbers of data layers in one disc. The Laserdisc (LD is an obsolete Home video disc format and was the first commercial Optical disc storage medium D-VHS is a Digital video format developed by JVC, in collaboration with Hitachi, Matsushita, and Philips. The Advanced Interactivity Consortium (AIC is an open forum designed to extend the Advanced Content interactive capabilities of HD DVD to new devices and delivery mechanisms Fluorescent Multilayer Disc ( FMD) was an Optical disc format developed by Constellation 3D that uses fluorescent, rather than reflective Digital Multilayer Disk ( DMD) is an Optical disc format developed by D Data Inc High-Definition Versatile Disc ( HVD) is an Asian standard of advanced high-definition technology originally developed in China by AMLogic Inc The Holographic Versatile Disc ( HVD) is an optical disc technology that would hold up to 3 3D optical data storage is the term given to any form of Optical Data storage in which information can be recorded and/or read with three dimensional Ultra Density Optical ( UDO) is an Optical disc format designed for high-density storage of high-definition video and AVCHD ( Advanced Video Codec High Definition) is a high-definition and Standard-definition recording format for use in digital Tapeless camcorders The Enhanced Versatile Disc (EVD is an optical medium-based digital audio/video format developed to provide a means for playing FVD, or Forward Versatile Disc, is an offshoot of DVD developed in Taiwan jointly by the Advanced Optical Storage Research Alliance (AOSRA and Versatile Multilayer Disc ( VMD or HD VMD) is a high-capacity red laser Optical disc technology designed by New Medium Enterprises Inc LS-R, or the Layer-Selection-Type Recordable Optical Disk, is the term coined by Hitachi in 2003 for a next-generation Optical disc technology which

References

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