A gynoecium (from Ancient Greek gyne, "woman") is the female reproductive part of a flower. Amaryllis is a monotypic (only one species Genus of plant also known as the Belladonna Lily or naked ladies. The Ancient Greek language is the historical stage in the development of the Hellenic language family spanning the Archaic (c Female (♀ is the Sex of an Organism, or a part of an organism which produces ova (egg cells A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also The male counterpart is called an androecium. The stamen ( Plural stamina or stamens, from Latin stamen meaning "thread of the warp " is the male A gynoecium is composed of one or more pistils. A pistil may consist of a single free carpel, or be formed from a number of carpels that are fused. The pistil itself is formed from the stigma, style, and ovary.
A plant ovary (much like an animal ovary) is the part of the pistil which contains ovules. "Ovaria" redirects here This is also a proposed section and a Synonym of Solanum. Ovule literally means "small egg." In Seed plants the ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells The style is generally referred to as stalklike, without ovules located between the ovary (at the bottom of the pistil) and the stigma (located at the top portion of the pistil). In some plant species styles are not found in the pistils. Stigma is the pollen receptor within the pistil at the top of the pistil. Stigmas may be discretely defined structures or they may be within a region referred to as the stigmatic region. [1]
Pistils or ovaries can be either simple meaning only one carpel or compound meaning two or more carpels. A gynoecium (from Ancient Greek gyne, "woman" is the Female reproductive part of a Flower. [1]
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Carpel anatomy
A carpel is the basic unit of the female reproductive organ of a flower, the gynoecium. Female (♀ is the Sex of an Organism, or a part of an organism which produces ova (egg cells A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also A flower may have zero, one, or more carpels. Multiple carpels may combine into a single pistil, or into multiple pistils.
The parts of the carpel are:
- the stigma (from Ancient Greek stigma "mark, puncture"), usually the terminal (end) portion that receives the pollen (male gametophytes); it is commonly somewhat glutinous or viscid;
- the style (from Latin stilus "stake, stylus"), a stalk connecting the stigma with the ovary below containing the transmitting tract, which facilitates the growth of the pollen tube and hence the movement of the male gamete to the ovule; and
- the ovary (from Latin ovum "egg") or megasporophyll (see sporophyll) containing the female reproductive cell or ovule. The Ancient Greek language is the historical stage in the development of the Hellenic language family spanning the Archaic (c Pollen is a fine to coarse powder consisting of microgametophytes ( pollen grains) which produce the male Gametes (sperm cells of In Plants and Algae that undergo Alternation of generations, a gametophyte is the multicellular structure or phase that is Haploid, containing Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. A stylus (plural styli or styluses) is a Writing utensil. The word is also used for a computer accessory ( PDAs) In the Flowering plants an ovary is a part of the female reproductive organ of the flower or Gynoecium. A gamete (from Ancient Greek γαμέτης; translated gamete = wife gametes = husband is a cell that fuses with another gamete Ovule literally means "small egg." In Seed plants the ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells In the Flowering plants an ovary is a part of the female reproductive organ of the flower or Gynoecium. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. A sporophyll is a Leaf that produces Spores Sporophylls are part of the Diploid Sporophyte generation and the spores are produced by Meiosis
The pistil
A pistil (from Latin pistillum "pestle") is made up of a carpel (if single) or carpels (if fused). Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. A pestle and mortar is a Tool used to crush grind and mix substances A gynoecium that consists of a single free carpel is termed monocarpous. That with two or more fused carpels (called a compound ovary or compound pistil) is termed syncarpous. However, if the gynoecium consists of one or more free, simple, and distinct carpels, each carpel makes an individual pistil and the gynoecium is termed apocarpous. Fertilization of the ovule or ovules results in development of the carpel(s) into a fruit. The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology.
When two or more carpels are fused or joined together its called syncarpy. In a compound pistil, the carpels are fused together in one of two basic ways:
- the carpels are fused at or near their margins (parietal placentation), usually forming a single large cavity — an example would be the violet. Viola, commonly called Violets, is a Genus of Flowering plants in the family Violaceae, with around 400-500 species distributed
- the folded carpels extend in towards the center, being fused along their outer faces (laterally concrescent), with the placentae arranged around a central column of tissue (axile placentation). There may be as many locules as there are carpels; and tissue of the receptacle may be involved in forming the axillary column. An example of axile placentation would be the lily.
A complicating factor in all of this is the fact that in some species syncarpy is present only at the base of the carpels, the pistil being apocarpous in the upper part. The manner of fusing of the carpels can also vary from one part of the pistil to another.
Inferior vs. superior ovaries
The gynoecium, the collective term for all the carpels, is the innermost whorl of the parts of a flower, and in many flowers the other parts (sepals, petals, and stamens) are attached to the receptacle beneath the gynoecium. A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also In such cases, where the ovary lies above the attachments of the other distinct floral parts, the flower is described as hypogynous or as having a superior ovary. In some species (examples include plum, cherry, and blackberry), the other (noncarpellary) floral parts are fused to form a cup called a floral tube or hypanthium. A plum or gage is a stone fruit Tree in the genus Prunus, subgenus Prunus. This article is about the Cherry berry also classified as fruit for the ornamental tree See Cherry Blossom. The BlackBerry is a Wireless Handheld device introduced in 1999 as a two-way pager In these flowers, the ovary lies physically lower than the lobes of the sepals and petals and below the point of attachment of the stamen filaments — the ovary is still considered to be superior but the flower is termed perigynous.
In those flowers in which the floral tube is fused with the ovary, the sepals, petals, and stamens appear to grow out from the top of the ovary, and the flower is said to be epigynous and have an inferior ovary. Examples of plant families with inferior ovaries include orchid, sunflower, and cactus. The sunflower ( Helianthus annuus) is an Annual plant in the family Asteraceae and native to the Americas, with a large flowering A cactus (plural cacti) is any member of the Spine plant family Cactaceae, native to the Americas The position of the ovary is an important consideration in the identification and classification of plant species, as well as the kind of fruit that develops after fertilization.
The ovule
The ovule (from Latin ovulum "small egg"), which represents the megasporangium, when mature, consists of one or two coats surrounding the central nucellus, except at the apex where an opening, the micropyle, is left. Ovule literally means "small egg." In Seed plants the ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The nucellus is a cellular tissue enveloping one large cell, the embryo-sac or megaspore. The germination of the megaspore consists in the repeated division of its nucleus to form two groups of four, one group at each end of the embryo-sac. One nucleus from each group, the polar nucleus, passes to the centre of the sac, where the two fuse to form the so-called definitive nucleus. Of the three cells at the micropylar end of the sac, all naked cells (the so-called egg-apparatus), one is the egg-cell or oosphere, the other two, which may be regarded as representing abortive egg-cells (in rare cases capable of fertilization), are known as synergidae. The three cells at the opposite end are known as antipodal cells and become invested with a cell-wall.
The carpel of a simple apocarpous gynoecium appears as a folded structure, differentiated into a basal fertile part (ovary) and an upper sterile part (style). Various interpretations of the origin from a leaf-like structure have been made (Esau, 1965), but the important anatomical description is that of a variously folded tissue surrounding a cavity (called a locule) within which projects one or more ovules, attached by or along a placenta. Typically, a carpel has two placentae. An example of a simple carpel is that of a pea, bean or Arabidopsis: the fruit develops from the single carpel consisting of two rows of ovules aligned beside one another along the placental margin. A pea (inaccurately called a '''sweet pea''' by food distubutors is most commonly the small spherical Seed or the seed-pod of the Legume Pisum Bean is a common name for large plant Seeds of several genera of the family Fabaceae (formerly Leguminosae used for human food or animal Arabidopsis ( A-ra-bi-dóp-sis, rockcress) is a genus in the family Brassicaceae.
References
- Esau, K. 1965. Plant Anatomy, 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons. 767 pp.
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
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