Gustavs Zemgals (12 August 1871, Džukste parish – 6 January 1939) was a Latvian politician and the second president of Latvia. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region.
Zemgals was born in Džūkste, Latvia. He attended elementary school in a small parish of Saka, and later continued education in Riga Nikolai Gymansium. A parish is a Local church; it is an administrative unit typically found in episcopal or presbyterian churches Riga (Rīga riːga) the Capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of the river Daugava. He graduated from Moscow University in 1899 with a degree in law. Year 1899 ( MDCCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society He then returned to Latvia and was a lawyer, a newspaper editor and a political activist. Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region.
In 1904, during the Russo-Japanese War, Zemgals was mobilised and sent to the front, where he spent a year and a half and was promoted to the rank of captain. Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on The Russo-Japanese War (日露戦争 Romaji: Nichi-Ro Sensō Русско-японская война Russko-Yaponskaya Voyna;, 10 February 1904 – 5 September
After his return to Latvia in 1905, Zemgals became one of the creators of a new liberal newspaper "Jaunā Dienas Lapa" (New Day's Page) and proceeded to become an editor of this paper. Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting He was also an editor in the newspaper that succeeded "Jaunā Dienas Lapa" -"Mūsu Laiki" (Our Times). In July 1907, the Riga district court sentenced Zemgals to a three months long arrest for his work at "Mūsu Laiki". Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year A court is a forum used by a power base to adjudicate disputes and dispense civil, labour administrative and criminal Justice under its Soon after that, Zemgals created the Latvian democratic party together with some other political activities. In the time period between 1912 and 1914 Zemgals also worked on a magazine "Domas" (Thoughts). Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year
When World War I began, Zemgals was once again mobilised and initially assigned to an infantry division in the middle part of Latvia, but later he was sent to Finland. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. After his return to Riga, Zemgals was elected as the chairman of the city on April 23, 1917. Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year In autumn 1917 the Riga Temporary Council repeatedly elected Zemgals as the chairman of the city. At this time, he was active in the Latvian radical-democratic party.
From 1918, Zemgals became active in the Latvian Temporary National Council, where he worked on matters related to occupied Latvian territories. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common As a member of the Latvian radical-democratic party, he became the second deputy of the chairman of Tautas Padome (People's Council), a representative body (council) of Latvian political parties and organizations. Tautas Padome (Latvia's People's Council was a temporary council which declared Latvia 's Independence in 1918 and then acted as a temporary Parliament Holding this office, he chaired the November 18, 1918 meeting of Tautas Padome, which declared the independence of Latvia. Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Independence is the Self-government of a Nation, Country, or State by its residents and population or some portion thereof generally exercising On December 3, 1918 he was elected as the chair of Riga City Council. Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
When the bolsheviks were gaining power and approaching Latvia, the Tautas Padome sent Jānis Čakste and Zemgals abroad to represent Latvian interests. The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction Jānis Čakste (born September 14, 1859 in Lielsesava Latvia, died March 14, 1927 in Riga, Latvia) was Cakste, Zemgals and several other people from the government went to Copenhagen on a British warship, but Zemgals returned to Latvia just two months later, where he tried to restore the Tautas Padome, but Zemgals along with a group of loyal politicians was arrested by the German army. Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city
Later, he was a member of Latvian parliament (Saeima) from the Democratic Center Party (Demokratiska Centra Partija) and a minister in several governments. TalkParliament#Screen-size. -->A parliament is a Legislature, especially in those Saeima is the Parliament of the Republic of Latvia. It is a Unicameral parliament consisting of 100 members who are elected by Proportional representation A minister or a secretary is a Politician who holds significant public office in a national or regional Government. In 1927, after the death of Jānis Čakste he was elected the president of Latvia. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Jānis Čakste (born September 14, 1859 in Lielsesava Latvia, died March 14, 1927 in Riga, Latvia) was President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. As the president, he interfered very little with the Saeima's work on laws, only returning a law for review to the Saeima once, but Zemgals used his rights to grant amnesty a lot. Amnesty (from the Greek amnestia, oblivion is a legislative or executive act by which a state restores those who may have been guilty of an offense against it to During his time as president, Zemgals granted amnesty to 648 persons, 172 of which received complete amnesty. He served as president until 1930, when his term expired, and he refused to run for a second term, despite having been asked by many to do so. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
After his presidency ended, Zemgals continued his political activities and was elected in the fourth Saeima where he was a member of the foreign and finance, trade and industry commissions. In 1931 and 1932 he was also the Minister of Finances. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar.
In 1926, Zemgals was awarded the Three Star Order (the highest Latvian national award), class 3 (class 3 being the lowest and class 1 the highest). Order of the Three Stars (Triju Zvaigžņu ordenis is order awarded for merits in service for Latvia. In 1929, he was awarded the Three Star Order, class 1.
During the thirties, Zemgals published articles in the newspaper "Jaunākās Ziņas" (Latest News).
On January 6, 1939 Zemgals died and was buried in Riga. Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In 1990, a monument to Zemgals was constructed in Džūkste, place of his birth.
External links
- Gustavs Zemgals – biography in Latvian