| Gustave Le Bon | |
 Gustave Le Bon
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| Born | May 7, 1841 Nogent-le-Rotrou |
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| Died | December 13, 1931 Marnes-la-Coquette |
| Nationality | French |
| Fields | social psychology |
| Known for | crowd psychology |
Gustave Le Bon (May 7, 1841 – December 13, 1931) was a French social psychologist, sociologist, and amateur physicist. Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses For the game see 1841 (board game. Year 1841 ( MDCCCXLI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link Nogent-le-Rotrou is a commune in the west of the Eure-et-Loir department in north-central France. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Marnes-la-Coquette is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Social psychology is the study of how people and groups interact Crowd psychology, or social facilitation theory, is a branch of Social psychology. Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses For the game see 1841 (board game. Year 1841 ( MDCCCXLI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Social psychology is the study of how people and groups interact Sociology (from Latin: socius "companion" and the suffix -ology "the study of" from Greek λόγος lógos "knowledge" A physicist is a Scientist who studies or practices Physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning He was the author of several works in which he expounded theories of national traits, racial superiority, herd behaviour and crowd psychology. Supremacism is the belief that a particular race, Religion, Gender, belief system or Culture is superior to others and entitles Herd behaviour describes how individuals in a group can act together without planned direction Crowd psychology, or social facilitation theory, is a branch of Social psychology.
His work on crowd psychology became important in the first half of the twentieth century when it was used by media researchers such as Hadley Cantril and Herbert Blumer to describe the reactions of subordinate groups to media. Personal History Herbert Blumer was born March 7, 1900 in St Louis Missouri.
He also contributed to on-going debates in physics about the nature of matter and energy. His book The Evolution of Matter was very popular in France (going through twelve editions), and though some of its ideas — notably that all matter was inherently unstable and was constantly and slowly transforming into luminiferous ether — were taken up favorably by physicists of the day (including Henri Poincaré), his specific formulations were not given much consideration. In the late 19th century " luminiferous aether " (or " ether " meaning light-bearing aether, was the term used to describe a medium for the propagation Jules Henri Poincaré ( 29 April 1854 &ndash 17 July 1912) (ˈʒyl ɑ̃ˈʁi pwɛ̃kaˈʁe was a French Mathematician In 1896 he reported observing a new kind of radiation, which he termed "black light" (not the same thing as a black light today), though it was later discovered not to exist. A Black light or UV Light is a lamp emitting Electromagnetic radiation that is almost exclusively in the soft near ultraviolet range and emits [1]
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Life
Le Bon was born in Nogent-le-Rotrou, France, and died in Marnes-la-Coquette. Nogent-le-Rotrou is a commune in the west of the Eure-et-Loir department in north-central France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Marnes-la-Coquette is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. He studied medicine and toured Europe, Asia and North Africa in the 1860s to 1880s while writing on archeology and anthropology, making some money from the design of scientific apparatus. Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos Anthropology (/ˌænθɹəˈpɒlədʒi/ from Greek grc ἄνθρωπος anthrōpos, "human" -λογία -logia) is the study of His first great success however was the publication of Les Lois psychologiques de l'évolution des peuples (1894; The Psychology of Peoples), the first work in which he hit upon a popularizing style that was to make his reputation secure. His best selling work, La psychologie des foules (1895; English translation The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind, 1896), followed soon after.
Le Bon enjoyed considerable security at the center of French intellectual life thereafter. An intellectual (from the adjective meaning "involving thought and reason" is a person who tries to use his or her Intelligence and analytical thinking, In 1902, he launched a series of weekly luncheons (les déjeuners du mercredi) to which prominent figures from all the professions were invited to discuss topical issues. The strength of Le Bon's personal networks is apparent from the guest list: participants included Henri and Raymond Poincaré (cousins, physicist and President of France respectively), Paul Valéry and Henri Bergson. Jules Henri Poincaré ( 29 April 1854 &ndash 17 July 1912) (ˈʒyl ɑ̃ˈʁi pwɛ̃kaˈʁe was a French Mathematician Raymond Poincaré (20 August 1860 – 15 October 1934 was a French conservative Statesman who served as Prime Minister of France on five Ambroise-Paul-Toussaint-Jules Valéry (French pɔl valeˈʁi October 30, 1871 – July 20, 1945) was a French Poet
Influence
The ideas put forward in La psychologie des foules played an important role in the early years of group psychology: Sigmund Freud's Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse (1921; English translation Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego, 1922) was explicitly based on a critique of Le Bon's work. Social psychology is the study of how people and groups interact Sigmund Freud (ˈziːkmʊnt ˈfʁɔʏt born Sigismund Shlomo Freud (May 6 1856 &ndash September 23 1939 was an Austrian Psychiatrist who founded
Le Bon was one of the great popularizers of theories of the unconscious at a critical moment in the formation of new theories of social action. Many observers throughout history have argued that there are influences on Consciousness from other parts of the Mind.
Wilfred Trotter, a famous surgeon at University College Hospital, London, wrote along similar lines in his famous book Instincts of the Herd in Peace and War, just before the outbreak of World War II; he has been referred to as 'Le Bon's popularizer in English. Wilfred Trotter (1872-1939 was a British Surgeon, a pioneer in Neurosurgery. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including ' Trotter also read Freud, and it was he who introduced Wilfred Bion, who worked for him at the hospital, to Freud's writings, and ultimately both he and Ernest Jones ascribed to the field of what would later be called Group Psychology. Wilfred Ruprecht Bion DSO (8 September 1897-8 November 1979 was a British psychoanalyst. Alfred Ernest Jones ( January 1, 1879 – February 11, 1958) Welsh Neurologist, Psychoanalyst and Sigmund Social psychology is the study of how people and groups interact Both of these men became closely associated with Freud when he fled Austria shortly after the Anschluss. The ( German: "link-up" also known as the, was the 1938 Annexation of Austria into Greater Germany by the Nazi Both men were closely linked to the Tavistock Institute as key figures in the field of Group Dynamics. This article is about the Tavistock Institute of Human Relations Group dynamics is the study of groups and also a general term for group processes
It is arguable that the fascist theories of leadership that emerged in the 1920s owed much to Le Bon's theories of crowd psychology. Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology The word leadership can refer to Those entities that perform one or more acts of leading Crowd psychology, or social facilitation theory, is a branch of Social psychology. Indeed, Hitler's Mein Kampf drew largely on the propaganda techniques proposed in Le Bon's 1895 book[1][2][3][4]. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately Mein Kampf ( English: My Struggle/My Battle) is a book by Adolf Hitler. Propaganda is a concerted set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behaviors of large numbers of people Edward Bernays, a nephew of Sigmund Freud, was influenced by Le Bon and Trotter. Edward Louis Bernays ( November 22, 1891 – March 9, 1995) is considered one of the fathers of the field of Public relations along Sigmund Freud (ˈziːkmʊnt ˈfʁɔʏt born Sigismund Shlomo Freud (May 6 1856 &ndash September 23 1939 was an Austrian Psychiatrist who founded In his famous book 'Propaganda' he declared that a major feature of democracy was the manipulation of the mass mind by media and advertising.
Bibliography
- Les Lois psychologiques de l'évolution des peuples (1894; The Psychology of Peoples),
- La psychologie des foules (1895; English translation The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind, 1896),
- L'homme et les sociétés (1881; Man and Society),
- Psychologie du socialisme (1896; Psychology of Socialism)
References
- ^ Helge Kragh, Quantum Generations: A History of Physics in the Twentieth Century (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999): 11-12.
See also
External links
- Works by Gustave Le Bon at Project Gutenberg
- Gustave Le Bon's works: Page on Gustave Le Bon with his works available in French and in English
- the complete English text to The Crowd (PDF)
- English translation of 'The Psychology of Socialism' (PDF)
- PDF-books from Gustave Le Bon, several titles and languages
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