Gustav Adolf von Götzen

Gustav Adolf von Götzen

Born
12 May 1866 Glatz, Prussian Silesia
Died
2 December 1910 Hamburg

Count Gustav Adolf von Götzen (12 May 1866 — 2 December 1910) was a German explorer and Governor of German East Africa. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Kłodzko (Kladsko Glatz Glacio is a Town in south-western Poland, in the region of Lower Silesia. The Province of Silesia (Provinz Schlesien Prowincja Śląsk was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1815 to 1919 the territory had been conquered from Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika was a German Colony in East Africa, including what is now Burundi, Rwanda and Tanganyika He was the first European to set foot in Rwanda, and later presided over the bloody quashing of the Maji Maji Rebellion in what is now Tanzania. The Republic of Rwanda (ruːˈændə or /rəˈwɑːndə/ in English ɾwanda or in Kinyarwanda is a small Landlocked country in the The Maji Maji Rebellion, sometimes called the Maji Maji War, was a violent African resistance to colonial rule in the German colony of Tanganyika an uprising by several Tanzania ˌtænzəˈniːə officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya

1 Early life
2 The expedition of 1893/94
3 Turn of the century
4 Governorship and Maji Maji Rebellion
5 Later years
6 Legacy
7 Writings by Götzen
8 Further reading

Early life

Götzen studied law at the universities of Paris, Berlin and Kiel between 1884 and 1887. Jurisprudence is the Theory and Philosophy of Law. Scholars of jurisprudence or legal philosophers hope to obtain a deeper understanding of the nature The historic University of Paris (Université de Paris first appeared in the second half of the 13th century For other universities in Berlin see List of Universities in Berlin. The University of Kiel ( German Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, CAU) is a University in the city of Kiel, Germany He then joined the army, and became (in 1887) a Lieutenant in the 2nd Garde-Ulanen regiment. Lieutenant (abbreviated Lt or Lieut) is a Military, Naval, Paramilitary, Fire service, Emergency medical services Between 1890 and 1891 he was stationed in Rome and it was from there that he made his first African trip, in a hunting expedition to Mount Kilimanjaro. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2

In 1892, having been made an officer in the War academy, Götzen travelled to Asia Minor with Major Walther von Diest. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black

The expedition of 1893/94

From 1885, Karl Peters had begun claiming areas of East Africa for Germany. Karl Peters ( September 27, 1856 - September 10, 1918) German traveler in Africa one of the founders of German East Africa East Africa is the Easternmost Region of the African Continent. The Tanganyikan coast proved relatively easy, but conquest of the inland areas of the colony - right up to the Belgian Congo - was more difficult as large parts were still unexplored. The Belgian Congo ( Dutch: Belgisch Kongo French: Congo Belge German: Belgisch Kongo was the formal title of present-day Democratic Republic For this reason, Götzen led an expedition to claim these hinterlands. He took with him Georg von Prittwitz and Hermann Kersting.

The party set off from Pangani, on the Tanganyikan coast, on 21 December 1893. Pangani is a town that lies 45 km south of Tanga, Pangani District in northeast Tanzania. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common After travelling through Maasai areas, they eventually arrived, on 2 May 1894, at Rusumo Falls on the Kagera river. The Maasai are an indigenous African Ethnic group of semi-nomadic people located in Kenya and northern Tanzania. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Rusumo Falls is a Waterfall located on the Kagera river on the border between Rwanda and Tanzania, part of the most distant headwaters of the By crossing the river, they became the first Europeans to set foot in Rwanda, at the time one of the most organised and centralised kingdoms in the region, but nominally already part of the German colony. They travelled right through Rwanda, meeting the mwami (king) at his palace in Nyanza, and eventually reaching Lake Kivu, the western edge of the kingdom. Mwami (IPAmwɑmi/mŋɑmi is the chiefly title in Kirundi and Kinyarwanda, the Congolese Nande and Bashi languages Luhya in Kenya Lake Kivu is one of the Great Lakes of Africa. It lies on the border between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, and is in the Albertine

After encountering and climbing some of the Virunga Mountains, Götzen decided to continue west through the Congolese jungle. The Virunga Mountains are a chain of Volcanoes in East Africa, along the northern border of Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC With great effort, they managed to reach the Congo river on 21 September, which they then followed downstream, eventually reaching the Atlantic Ocean on 29 November. The Congo River (for a time known as the Zaire River) is the largest River in Western Central Africa. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe In January 1895, Götzen returned to Germany. Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year

Turn of the century

Between 1896 and 1898 Götzen worked as an attaché in Washington, D.C. and afterwards joined the general staff of the army in Berlin, where he was promoted in 1900 to the rank of Captain. Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Attaché is a French term in diplomacy referring to a person who is assigned ('attached' to the administrative staff of a higher placed person or another service or agency Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar

Governorship and Maji Maji Rebellion

Due to his knowledge of local conditions, Götzen was appointed governor of German East Africa in March 1901, but soon had to deal with a huge crisis in the colony. Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting

There had already been rebellions by the native population in the 1880s and 1890s, and in 1905 Götzen was faced with outbreak of the Maji Maji Rebellion, which quickly took over about half of the colony. Events and Trends Technology Development and commercial production of Electric lighting Development and commercial production of gasoline-powered The 1890s were sometimes referred to as the " Mauve Decade" because William Henry Perkin 's aniline dye allowed the widespread use of that Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The Maji Maji Rebellion, sometimes called the Maji Maji War, was a violent African resistance to colonial rule in the German colony of Tanganyika an uprising by several This was similar in severity to the Herero Wars taking place in German South-West Africa, but was noticed less by the German public. The Herero and Namaqua Genocide occurred in German South-West Africa (modern day Namibia) from 1904 until 1907 during the Scramble for Africa German South West Africa ( German: Deutsch-Südwestafrika, DSWA) was a Colony of Germany from 1884 until 1915 when it was taken Götzen sent for reinforcements, and suppressed the rebellion by force. It is estimated that up to 300,000 Africans were killed, while the German side lost 15 Europeans and 389 African soldiers, according to official data compiled by Götzen.

In 1906, Götzen gave up the governor's post due to ill health. Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting

Later years

Götzen continued to be actively involved in furthering German colonial policy, in particular as a member of the German colonization and administration company for colonies. In 1908 he became the Prussian envoy in Hamburg. Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany

He died on 2 December 1910 in Hamburg.

Legacy

The German passenger ship Graf von Götzen was named after Götzen and used as part of Germany's war effort on Lake Tanganyika in World War I. Lake Tanganyika is a large Lake in central Africa (3° 20' to 8° 48' South and from 29° 5' to 31° 15' East She was scuttled in July 1916 off the mouth of the Malagarasi River to prevent her falling into the hands of the Belgian troops. The Malagarasi River is Tanzania 's second longest river It empties into the eastern side of Lake Tanganyika about 25 miles south of Kigoma, and is one In 1924 on instructions from Winston Churchill, salvage operations by the Royal Navy succeeded in refloating the ship and in 1927 she returned to service as the M.V. Liemba and is still running today as a passenger cargo ferry. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) History Early history The Graf von Götzen was built in 1913 at the Meyer-Werft Shipyard in Papenburg, Germany and named after Count

Writings by Götzen

Durch Afrika von Ost nach West. Berlin (1895)
Deutsch-Ostafrika im Aufstand 1905/06. Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Berlin (1909)

Contents