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Guru Tegh Bahadur (1 April 1621 – 11 November 1675) became the 9th Guru of Sikhism on March 20, 1665, following in the footsteps of his grand-nephew, Guru Har Krishan. Sikhism ( IPA: or; ਸਿੱਖੀ sikkhī, IPA:) founded on the teachings of Nanak and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century The history of Sikhism is closely associated with the History of Punjab, the socio-political situation in medieval India, and the social structures and Simran and Seva: These are the Foundation of Sikhism. It is the duty of every Sikh to practise Naam Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. Sikhism was established by Guru Nanak over the period of 1469 to 1708. Sikh Bhagats (ਭਗਤ from Sanskrit भक्त) refers to the saints and holy men of various faiths whose teachings are included in the Sikh holy book This article lists historical personalities who are important to the Sikh religion Mai Bhago (http//www The Sikh religious philosophy is covered in great detail in the Sri Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh holy text Ek On Kar Sikhs believe there is only one God who has infinite qualities and names The Sikhs must believe in the following values Equality All humans are equal before God – No discrimination is allowed on the basis of caste race sex creed There are a number of religious prohibitions in Sikhism Cutting Hair Cutting hair is strictly forbidden in Sikhism Naam: Or Naam Japo. Free service ( Seva) meditation and prayer ( Simran) sacred music ( Kirtan) prod concern = This is not an encyclopedic topic This is a list of random unrelated facts about Sikhism Gurbani is the term used by Sikhs to refer to any compositions of the Gurus Sikh practices are simple precise and practical guidelines laid out by the Gurus for the practice of the "Sikh way of life" The principal Sikh scripture is the Adi Granth (First Scripture) more commonly called the Guru Granth Sahib. The Sri Guru Granth Sahib ji (ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ gurū granth sāhib) or Guru Granth Sahib, is the eleventh and eternal Guru of the Adi Granth (or Aad Granth, literally "the first book" is the early compilation of the Sikh Scriptures by Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji the fifth The Dasven Patshah Da Granth (ਦਸਵੇ ਪਾਤਸ਼ਾਹ ਦਾ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ (book of the Tenth Emperor popularly known as Dasam Granth(ਦਸਮ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ This list is of topics related to Sikhs and Sikhism. Sikhism:CategorySikhism Sikhism Sikh Amritsar Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Guru Har Krishan (ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਕ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਨ ( 7 July, 1656 &ndash 30 March, 1664) was Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed on the orders of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in Delhi. Aurangzeb ( (full title Al-Sultan al-Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Abul Muzaffar Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Bahadur Alamgir I Padshah Ghazi) ( November 4, Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population [1]
Contents |
Early life
Guru Tegh Bahadur was the youngest of the five sons of Guru Har Gobind. Guru Har Gobind (ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਾਹਿਬ also Sacha Padshah (ਸੱਚਾ ਪਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ True King He was born in Amritsar in the early hours of April 1, 1621. Amritsar (ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ meaning The Lake of the Holy Nectar, is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar District in the state Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne The name Tegh Bahadur (mighty of the sword), was given to him by Guru Hargobind after he had shown his valour in a battle with the Mughals.
Amritsar at that time was the centre of Sikh faith. Under Guru Hargobind, it had become even more renowned. By virtue of being seat of the Guru and by its connection with the Sikhs in far flung areas of the country through the chains of masands it had developed the characteristics of a state capital.
Tegh Bahadur was brought up in the most approved Sikh style. He was trained in the arts of archery and horsemanship and taught old classics. He is taken to be of deep mystical temperament with his prolonged spells of seclusion and contemplation.
He was given great affection by his father, Guru Hargobind, and was often seated by the latter by his side. Guru Hargobind remarked that Tegh Bahadur can suffer what no other can, his forbearance unsurpassed.
Tegh Bahadur was married on February 4, 1633 , with Gujri. Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons Nearing his end, Guru Hargobind asked Nanaki, mother of Tegh Bahadur, to go and live in the village of Bakala. She departed with Tegh Bahadur and Gujri to make home in Bakala, which was the native pace of the mother of the Sixth Guru.
Stay at Bakala
Bakala of those days as described in Gurbilas Dasvin Patishahi was a properous town with many beautiful pools, wells and baolis. He lived a strict and holy life and spent most of his time in meditation. Yet, he was not a recluse and attended to family responsibilities. He went out riding and he followed the chase. He made visits outside Bakala and also visited Guru Har Krishan, when the latter was in Delhi. Guru Har Krishan (ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਕ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਨ ( 7 July, 1656 &ndash 30 March, 1664) was Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population
As Guru of Sikhs
During his stay in Delhi, Guru Har Krishan was seized with smallpox. When asked by his followers as to who would lead them after him, he replied Baba Bakale, meaning his successor was to be found in Bakala.
Some pretenders took advantage of the ambiguity in the words of the dying Guru and installed themselves as Guru of Sikhs. The most influential of them was nephew of Tegh Bahadur, Dhir Mall. The Sikhs were puzzled to see so many claimants and could not make out who the real Guru was.
A wealthy trader Makhan Shah arrived in search of the Guru. He went from one Guru to the next making his obeisance and offering two gold Mohurs (coins) to each guru, while before he had promised to give god 500 coins for his safety in a storm. Then he discovered that a saintly man named Tegh Bahadur also lived there who made no claims about himself.
Makhan Shah lost no time and went straight to the house of Tegh Bahadur. There he made the usual offering of two gold coins. Tegh Bahadur gave him his blessings and remarked that his offering was considerably short of the promised five hundred. Makhan Shah forthwith made good the difference and ran upstairs. He began shouting from the rooftop:Guru ladho re, Guru ladho re (I have found the Guru, I have found the Guru).
The responsibility of instructing and guiding the Sikh community was now of Guru Tegh Bahadur's. He was the focal point of veneration of the Sikhs. They came singly and in batches to seek spiritual solace and inspiration. And by his teachings and practise, he moulded their religious and social conscience.
As had been the custom since Guru Hargobind, Guru Tegh Bahadur kept a splendid lifestyle. He had his armed attendance and other marks of royalty. But he himself lived austerely. Sikh or other documents make no mention of any clash with the ruling power having occurred during his time. Travels were undertaken by him in different parts of the country to preach the teachings of Guru Nanak. Guru Nanak Dev (ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦੇਵ (गुरु नानक گرونانک Gurū Nānak ( 15 april 1469, Nankana Sahib His places of visit included Dacca and Assam. Dhaka (also known as Dacca ( Bangla: ঢাকা ɖʱaka is the Capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka District. Assam) ( Assamese: অসম Ôxôm) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur, a suburb of the city It was during one of these visits that his son Guru Gobind Singh was born. Guru Gobind Singh (ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ gʊɾu gobɪn̪d̪ sɪ́ŋg ( December 22, 1666 &ndash 7 October, 1708) was
The Guru made three successive visits to Kiratpur. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kiratpur is a city and a Municipal board in Bijnor district in the Indian state On August 21, 1664, Guru Tegh Bahadur went there to console with Bibi Rup Kaur upon the passing away of her father, Guru Har Rai, and of her brother, Guru Har Krishan. Guru Har Rai (ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਰਾਇ ( 26 February 1630 - 6 October 1661) was the seventh of The Eleven Gurus of Sikhism Guru Har Krishan (ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਕ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਨ ( 7 July, 1656 &ndash 30 March, 1664) was The second visit was on October 15, 1664, at the death on September 29, 1664, of Mata Bassi, mother of Guru Har Rai. A third visit concluded a fairly extensive journey through Majha, Malwa and Bangar districts of the Punjab. Majha (Mājha is a historical region of the Punjab comprising the modern districts of Amritsar, Gurdaspur and Tarn Taran in the Indian Punjab ( ਪੰਜਾਬ پنجاب, पंजाब پنجاب also Panjab (پنجاب meaning "Land of the Five Rivers") (c Crossing the Beas and Sutlej rivers, Guru Tegh Bahadur arrived in the Malwa. The Sutlej River (alternatively spelled as Satluj River (ਸਤਲੁਜ शतद्रु or सुतुद्री, ستلج and सतलुज is the longest He visited Zira and Moga and reached Darauli. He then sojourned in the Lakhi Jungle, a desolate and sandy tract comprising mainly present-day districts of Bhatinda and Faridkot. Lakhi Jungle is situated 15 km from Bathinda, on the way to Muktsar. Bathinda (ਬਠਿੰਡਾ is one of the oldest cities in Punjab and the current administrative headquarters of Bathinda District. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Faridkot (ਫ਼ਰੀਦਕੋਟ فریدکوٹ Hindi: फ़रीदकोट is a small city According to the Guru kian Sakhian, Baisakhi of 1665 was celebrated at Sabo-ki Talwandi, now known as Damdama Sahib. Vaisakhi (ਵਸਾਖੀ vaisākhī, also known as Baisakhi) is an ancient Harvest festival in Punjab, which also marks beginning of Talwandi is a town and Union Council of Kasur District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The Takht Sri Darbar Sahib Damdama Sahib, one of the Five Takhts or Seat of Temporal Authority of Sikhism, Takht Sri Damdama Sahib is situated at This journey took Guru Tegh Bahadur up to Dhamdhan, near Jind, from where he returned to Kiratpur. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Jind (जींद ( Punjabi: ਅੰਬਾਲਾ) is a town in Jind District, Harayana WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kiratpur is a city and a Municipal board in Bijnor district in the Indian state The Dowager Rani Champa of Bilaspur offered to give the Guru a piece of land in her state. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Bilaspur is a city and a Municipal council in Bilaspur District in the state of Himachal The Guru bought the site on payment of Rs 500 (Five Hundred Rupees). The land consisted of the villages of Lodhipur, Mianpur and Sahota. Here on the mound of Makhowal, Guru Tegh Bahadur raised a new habitation. Anandpur Sahib (ਅਨੰਦਪੁਰ ਸਾਹਿਬआनन्दपुर साहिब is a city and a Municipal council in Rupnagar district in the state
Execution
The Delhi Emperor, Aurangzeb cherished the ambition of converting India into a land of Islam. Aurangzeb ( (full title Al-Sultan al-Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Abul Muzaffar Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Bahadur Alamgir I Padshah Ghazi) ( November 4, India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country This philosophy was also pleaded by Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi (1569-1624), leader of the Naqashbandi School, to counter the liberal policies of Akbar's reign. Imam-e-Rabbani Mujaddid Alf Sani Shaykh Ahmad al-Farooqi Sirhindi (~1564&ndash1624 commonly renowned as Mujaddid Alf Sani was an Indian Islamic scholar
The Emperor's experiment was first carried out in Kashmir. This article is about the geographical region of greater Kashmir The viceroy of Kashmir, Iftikar Khan (1671-75) carried out the policy vigorously and set about converting non-Muslims by force.
A group of Kashmiri Pandits approached Guru Tegh Bahadur and asked for help. They, on the advice of the Guru, told the Mughal authorities that they would willingly embrace Islam if their Guru, Tegh Bahadur, did the same.
Orders of the arrest of the Guru were issued by Aurangzeb, who was in present day North West Frontier Province of Pakistan subduing Pushtun rebellion. The North-West Frontier Province (NWFP ( Urdu: śimāl maġribī sarhadī sūba) is the smallest of the four main provinces of Pakistan. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Pashtuns ( Pashto: پښتون Paṣtūn, Paxtūn, also rendered as Pushtuns, Pakhtuns, Pukhtuns) also called The Guru was arrested at a place called Malikhpur near Anandpur after he had departed from Anandpur for Delhi. Anandpur Sahib (ਅਨੰਦਪੁਰ ਸਾਹਿਬआनन्दपुर साहिब is a city and a Municipal council in Rupnagar district in the state Before departing he nominated his son, Gobind Rai (Guru Gobind Singh) as the next Sikh Guru. Guru Gobind Singh (ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ gʊɾu gobɪn̪d̪ sɪ́ŋg ( December 22, 1666 &ndash 7 October, 1708) was
He was arrested, along with some of his followers, by Nur Muhammad Khan of the Rupnagar police post at the village Malikhpur Rangharan, in Ghanaula Parganah, and sent to Sirhind the following day. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Rupnagar is a town and a Municipal council in Rupnagar district in the Indian WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Sirhind-Fatehgarh is a city and a Municipal council in Fatehgarh Sahib district in the The Faujdar (Governor) of Sirhind , Dilawar Khan, ordered him to be detained in Bassi Pathana and reported the news to Delhi. Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population His arrest was made in July 1675 and he was kept in custody for over three months. He was then cast in an iron cage and taken to Delhi in November 1675.
The Guru was put in chains and ordered to be tortured until he would accept Islam. When he could not be persuaded to abandon his faith to save himself from persecution, he was asked to perform some miracles to prove his divinity. On his refusal, Guru Tegh Bahadur was beheaded in public at Chandni Chowk on November 11, 1675. Chandni Chowk ( Hindi: चाँदनी चौक Punjabi: ਚਾਂਦਨੀ ਚੌਂਕ Urdu: چاندنی چوک meaning Moonlit Avenue is Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
Guru Gobind Singh has written about the martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur in Bachitra Natak:
"Guru Tegh bahadur was the protector of the tilak (ointment) and janeu (sacred thread) of the Hindus. In the land of the gods rang shouts of adoration. "
Notable events
- Built the city of Anandpur Sahib. Anandpur Sahib (ਅਨੰਦਪੁਰ ਸਾਹਿਬआनन्दपुर साहिब is a city and a Municipal council in Rupnagar district in the state
- Toured various parts of India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country
- Responsible for saving the Kashmiri Pandits, who were being persecuted by the Mughals. Original Kashmiri Pandit ( Hindi: hi कश्मीरी पण्डित refers to a person who belongs to a sect of Hindu Pandits who originate The Mughal Empire ( Persian and self-designation گورکانی; مغلیہ سلطنت) was an Islamic imperial power which ruled most
- Contributed many hymns to the Guru Granth Sahib. The Sri Guru Granth Sahib ji (ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ gurū granth sāhib) or Guru Granth Sahib, is the eleventh and eternal Guru of the
- The Saloks (Mahal 9) near the end of the Guru Granth Sahib are extremely popular.
- Martyred in Delhi by Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population Aurangzeb ( (full title Al-Sultan al-Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Abul Muzaffar Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Bahadur Alamgir I Padshah Ghazi) ( November 4, See Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur
- Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib, Chandni Chowk, Delhi, where he was beheaded and Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib, Delhi, the residence of Lakhi Shah Vanjara - who burnt his house so as to cremate the Guru's body. The Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib is built at the site in the Chandni Chowk area of Old Delhi, where the ninth Sikh Guru Guru Tegh Bahadur was beheaded on the orders Chandni Chowk ( Hindi: चाँदनी चौक Punjabi: ਚਾਂਦਨੀ ਚੌਂਕ Urdu: چاندنی چوک meaning Moonlit Avenue is The Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib in Delhi marks the site where Lakhi Shah Vanjara a disciple of the ninth Sikh Guru Guru Tegh Bahadur, burnt his own house so as to
- Guru Har Gobind Ji was guru Tegh Bahadur's father.
- He was requsted by Gobind Sahali to construct several domes in Mahali.
- He was earlier named Tyag Mal but later renamed Tegh Bahadur after his gallant display of sword fight in wars with Mughal forces.
Notes
- Guru Tegh Bahadur; Commemorative Volume. Editor: Satbir Singh. Publisher:Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Tercentenary Martyrdom Gurpurab Committee. Govt. of India. 1975
- Gokalchand Narang;Transformation of Sikhism
- Puran Singh;The book of Ten Masters
- N. K Sinha; Rise of Sikh Panth
- Teja Singh Ganda Singh; A Short History of the Sikhs.
Places named after Guru Teg Bahadur
A number of places are named after the ninth guru of sikhs, Guru Teg Bahadur ji. In Music or Music theory a ninth is the Note nine Scale degrees from the root of chord (counting the root itself and also A guru (गुरु গুরু is a person who is regarded as having great knowledge wisdom and authority in a certain area and uses it to guide others Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. Guru Tegh Bahadur ( 1 April 1621 – 11 November 1675) became the 9th Guru of Sikhism on
- Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi
- Guru Teg Bahadur Khalsa Institute of Engineering & Technology, Malout
- Guru Teg Bahadur Institute of Technology
- Guru Teg Bahadur Integration Chair, Punjabi University
References
External links
- Read more about Bachitra Natak
- Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib
- AllAboutSikhs.com
- Video - Teg Bahadur Simriey
- Video on YouTube on Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji
- The Ninth Master
| Preceded by: Guru Har Krishan (7 July 1656 - 30 March 1664) |
Guru Teg Bahadur | Followed by: Guru Gobind Singh (22 December 1666 - 7 October 1708) |
| The Eleven Gurus of Sikhism | ||
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Guru Nanak Dev | Guru Angad Dev | Guru Amar Das | Guru Ram Das | Guru Arjun Dev | Guru Har Gobind | Guru Har Rai | Guru Har Krishan | Guru Teg Bahadur | Guru Gobind Singh | (Followed by Guru Granth Sahib, Perpetual Guru of the Sikhs) |
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