| Part of a series on Sikhism |
|
|
|
|
|
Philosophy |
|
|
Sikh practices · List |
|
|
Categories |
|
|
Articles on Sikhism |
Guru Har Gobind (Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਾਹਿਬ) also Sacha Padshah (ਸੱਚਾ ਪਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ True King) (1595–1644) was the sixth of the Ten Gurus of Sikhism and became Guru on 25 May 1606 following in the footsteps of his father Guru Arjan Dev. Sikhism ( IPA: or; ਸਿੱਖੀ sikkhī, IPA:) founded on the teachings of Nanak and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century The history of Sikhism is closely associated with the History of Punjab, the socio-political situation in medieval India, and the social structures and Simran and Seva: These are the Foundation of Sikhism. It is the duty of every Sikh to practise Naam Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. Sikhism was established by Guru Nanak over the period of 1469 to 1708. Sikh Bhagats (ਭਗਤ from Sanskrit भक्त) refers to the saints and holy men of various faiths whose teachings are included in the Sikh holy book This article lists historical personalities who are important to the Sikh religion Mai Bhago (http//www The Sikh religious philosophy is covered in great detail in the Sri Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh holy text Ek On Kar Sikhs believe there is only one God who has infinite qualities and names The Sikhs must believe in the following values Equality All humans are equal before God – No discrimination is allowed on the basis of caste race sex creed There are a number of religious prohibitions in Sikhism Cutting Hair Cutting hair is strictly forbidden in Sikhism Naam: Or Naam Japo. Free service ( Seva) meditation and prayer ( Simran) sacred music ( Kirtan) prod concern = This is not an encyclopedic topic This is a list of random unrelated facts about Sikhism Gurbani is the term used by Sikhs to refer to any compositions of the Gurus Sikh practices are simple precise and practical guidelines laid out by the Gurus for the practice of the "Sikh way of life" The principal Sikh scripture is the Adi Granth (First Scripture) more commonly called the Guru Granth Sahib. The Sri Guru Granth Sahib ji (ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ gurū granth sāhib) or Guru Granth Sahib, is the eleventh and eternal Guru of the Adi Granth (or Aad Granth, literally "the first book" is the early compilation of the Sikh Scriptures by Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji the fifth The Dasven Patshah Da Granth (ਦਸਵੇ ਪਾਤਸ਼ਾਹ ਦਾ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ (book of the Tenth Emperor popularly known as Dasam Granth(ਦਸਮ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ This list is of topics related to Sikhs and Sikhism. Sikhism:CategorySikhism Sikhism Sikh Amritsar Punjabi (pa ਪੰਜਾਬੀ in Gurmukhi script pa-PK {{Nastaliq پنجابی}} in Shahmukhi script Pañjābī in Transliteration) is an Sikhism was established by Guru Nanak over the period of 1469 to 1708. Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Guru Arjan Dev Ji or Guru Arjun Dev Ji (ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜੁਨ ਦੇਵ (born in Amritsar, Punjab, India on 15 April, He was not, perhaps, more than eleven at his father's execution. [1] Before ascension, he nominated Guru Har Rai, his grandson as the next Guru of the Sikhs. Guru Har Rai (ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਰਾਇ ( 26 February 1630 - 6 October 1661) was the seventh of The Eleven Gurus of Sikhism
Guru Har Gobind was combined in his personality a saint, sportsman and a soldier. His father Guru Arjan Dev was a true saint but the boy Har Gobind had perceived his father's saintliness suffer and erode at the brutal hands of Mughal tyranny. From the very beginning he was the deadly enemy of Mughals. [2]
Contents |
Early years
Guru Har Gobind was born in Amritsar, Punjab, India on 19 June 1595. Amritsar (ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ meaning The Lake of the Holy Nectar, is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar District in the state Punjab ( ਪੰਜਾਬ پنجاب, पंजाब پنجاب also Panjab (پنجاب meaning "Land of the Five Rivers") (c India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. When little more than a child Guru Har Gobind was convinced that sustaining the Panth sword was as essential as saintliness. Panthan (meaning "path" in Sanskrit is the term used for several religious traditions in India He put on two swords one of which indicated his spiritual authority and the other his temporal authority. [2] He hence advocated that a Sikh Guru would represent both the Miri and Piri, the Shakti and Bhakti and the Tegh (Sword) and Degh (Large iron plate used for making bread in India). Shakti, meaning sacred force, power, or energy, is the Hindu concept or personification of the divine feminine aspect sometimes referred Bhakti ( Devanāgarī: भक्ति) is a word of Sanskrit origin meaning devotion. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country He decided to wear at his waist two swords instead of one, to chastise the oppressor and to protect the innocent. He declared that the Guru's house would henceforth combine the spiritual and the mundane powers, his rosary would serve also as his sword-belt and an emblem of regality would crown his turban. He built the Akal Takht, the Throne of the Almighty. The Takht Sri Darbar Sahib Akal Takht (ਅਕਾਲ ਤਖ਼ਤ əkɑl t̪əxt̪ literally means The Seat (Throne of the Timeless One or Seat (Throne of God This article is about royal thrones for the order of Angels by the same name see Thrones. [2] He would sit in a regular court with regalia around. Sikhs were commanded to keep a sword and maintain a horse. He enrolled a large number of armed volunteers and even Pathans were welcome to join him. Pashtuns ( Pashto: پښتون Paṣtūn, Paxtūn, also rendered as Pushtuns, Pakhtuns, Pukhtuns) also called He asked his followers to offer him horses and weapons, instead of money. [2] The character of Guru Nanak's Sikhism and the humming melodies of his sangats(followers) had with Guru Har Gobind combined with them the dazzling brilliance and the deafening sound of swords. Guru Nanak Dev (ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦੇਵ (गुरु नानक گرونانک Gurū Nānak ( 15 april 1469, Nankana Sahib
Relations with Jahangir and wars with Mughals
The reasons for Har Gobind to arm his followers were many. Both externally and internally the situation was changing and the policy of the Guru had to be adjusted to a new environment. The organisational development of Sikhism had mostly taken place during the tolerant days of Akbar who had never interfered with it; he had, on the contrary, even helped the Gurus in various ways. Sikhism ( IPA: or; ਸਿੱਖੀ sikkhī, IPA:) founded on the teachings of Nanak and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century Akbar redirects here For other uses see Akbar (disambiguation Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar ( Jalāl ud-Dīn Muhammad Akbar But the execution of Guru Arjan at the hands of Jahangir and imprisonment of Har Gobind definitely showed that sterner days were ahead and the policy of mere peaceful organisation no longer sufficed. Nuruddin Salim Jahangir (full title Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Khushru-i-Giti Panah Abu'l-Fath Nur ud-din Muhammad Jahangir Padshah Ghazi ''( September 20 Guru Arjan had foreseen and Guru Har Gobind also clearly saw that it would no longer be possible to protect the Sikh community without the aid of arms. Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. [2] He had a stable of eight hundred horses; three hundred mounted followers were constantly in attendance upon him, and a guard of sixty matchlock-men secured his safety in person. The Matchlock was the first mechanism or "lock" invented to uncomplicate the firing of a hand-held firearm [3]
Jahangir could not tolerate the armed policy of Har Gobind and consequently imprisoned him, and ultimately released him. The relations between the Guru and Jahangir became friendly and continued to remain so.
During the reign of Shah Jahan, relations became bitter again, for Shah Jahan was intolerant. Shihab-ud-din Muhammad Shah Jahan I (full title Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Abu'l-Muzaffar Shihab ud-din Muhammad Sahib-i-Qiran-i-Sani Shah Jahan I Padshah Ghazi He destroyed the Sikh baoli at Lahore. Stepwells, also called bawdi ( Hindi:बावड़ी or baoli ( well]]s in which the water can be reached by descending a set of steps ( lahor is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. The quarrels which originally started over hawks or horses between the Mughal officials and the Sikhs subsequently led to risings on a large scale and were responsible for the deaths of thousands of persons on both sides. Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. [2] Battles were fought at Amritsar, Kartarpur and elsewhere. Amritsar (ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ meaning The Lake of the Holy Nectar, is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar District in the state Kartarpur may refer to Kartarpur India, a town Kartarpur Pakistan, a village He defeated the Imperial troops near Amritsar. The Guru was again attacked by a provincial detachment, but the attackers were routed and their leaders slain. [4] Har Gobind grasped a sword and marched with his devoted soldiers among the troops of the Empire, or boldly led them to oppose and overcome the provincial Governors or personal enemies. An empire (from the Latin " Imperium " denoting military Command within the ancient Roman government) is a State that A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government [3]
A childhood friend of Har Gobind, Painde Khan,whose mother had been the nurse of the Guru, had become his enemy. The cause given,in some accounts, was a valuable hawk of a follower of the Guru which was taken by Khan and when asked for, was resented by him. Other accounts note Khan's vanity and his pride. This opportunity was used by Mughal officials, who saw Har Gobind as an ever-present danger. Painde Khan was appointed leader of the provincial troops and marched upon the Guru. Har Gobind was attacked, but the warlike apostle slew the friend of his youth with his own hand and proved again a victor. [4]
There is an incident narrated by both Sikh and Muslim native accounts. Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion During one of the battles, Har Gobind was rushed upon angrily by a soldier. He not only warded off the blow but struck and laid dead the soldier at his feet. "Not so, but thus is the sword used"; an observation from which the influence is drawn that "Har Gobind struck not in anger, but deliberately and to give instruction; for the function of the Guru is to teach". [4] Har Gobind had many difficulties of a similar kind, but his Sikhs always rallied around him.
Peaceful demise
Guru Har Gobind breathed his last, peacefully, at Kiratpur Rupnagar, Punjab on 2 March 1644. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kiratpur is a city and a Municipal board in Bijnor district in the Indian state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Rupnagar is a town and a Municipal council in Rupnagar district in the Indian Punjab ( ਪੰਜਾਬ پنجاب, पंजाब پنجاب also Panjab (پنجاب meaning "Land of the Five Rivers") (c Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good [3]
Effects
During the era of Har Gobind, the Sikhs increased greatly in number, and the fiscal policy of Guru Arjan and the armed system of Guru Har Gobind had already formed the Sikhs into a kind of separate entity within the empire. Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. The Guru was not unconscious of his latent influence but in his private life never forgot his genuine character, and always styled himself Nanak, in deference to the firm belief of his Sikhs, that the soul of their great teacher was alive in each of his successors. Guru Nanak Dev (ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦੇਵ (गुरु नानक گرونانک Gurū Nānak ( 15 april 1469, Nankana Sahib [5] Har Gobind had no regard for idol worship. One of his followers cut off the nose of an idol; on complaints from various neighbouring chiefs, he summoned the Sikh to his presence; the culprit denied the act, but added, ironically, that if the idol bore witness against him, he would accept punishment willingly. "O fool" replied the chiefs "how will the idol speak". Replied the Sikh "if he can't save his head, then how will he avail you. "[5]
Summary
The following is a summary of the main highlights of Guru Har Gobind's life:
- Transformed the Sikh fraternity by introducing martial arts and weapons for the defence of the masses following his father's martyrdom.
- Militarised the Sikh movement–carried two swords of Miri and Piri.
- Built the Akal Takht in 1608–which is now one of five Takhts (Seats of Power) of the Sikhs. The Takht Sri Darbar Sahib Akal Takht (ਅਕਾਲ ਤਖ਼ਤ əkɑl t̪əxt̪ literally means The Seat (Throne of the Timeless One or Seat (Throne of God
- Founded the city of Kiratpur in District Jalandhar, Punjab. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kiratpur is a city and a Municipal board in Bijnor district in the Indian state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Jalandhar (ਜਲੰਧਰ Hindi:) previously known as Jullundur, is an ancient Punjab ( ਪੰਜਾਬ پنجاب, पंजाब پنجاب also Panjab (پنجاب meaning "Land of the Five Rivers") (c
- He was imprisoned in the fort of Gwalior for one year and on release insisted that 52 fellow prisoners be freed as well. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Gwalior ( Hindi: ग्वालियर) is a city in Madhya Pradesh in India To mark this occasion the Sikhs celebrate Diwali (bandi chod divas). Diwali, or Deepavali, (also called Tihar and Swanti in Nepal (Markiscarali is a major Indian and Nepalese festival and a significant
- The first Guru to engage in warfare.
- Fought four battles against the Mughal rulers.
- The strongest and the biggest Guru physically.
- The city Hargobindpur, in Majha region of Punjab, is named after him, which he won over from Mughals after defeating them in a battle. Majha (Mājha is a historical region of the Punjab comprising the modern districts of Amritsar, Gurdaspur and Tarn Taran in the Indian
References
- ^ Joseph Davey Cunningham (1853). A History Of The Sikhs. John Murray,London.
- ^ a b c d e f V. D. Mahajan (1970). Muslim Rule In India. S. Chand, New Delhi, p. 223.
- ^ a b c Cunningham, Joseph Davey. A History Of The Sikhs, 1853, London: John Murray, 53.
- ^ a b c Cunningham, Joseph Davey. A History Of The Sikhs, 1853, London: John Murray, 55.
- ^ a b Cunningham, Joseph Davey. A History Of The Sikhs, 1853, London: John Murray, 57.
- The Sikh Web Site
- The Sikh History Web Site
- AllAboutSikhs.com
- Learn more about Sri Guru Har Gobind Ji
External links
| Preceded by: Guru Arjan Dev (15 April 1563 - 30 May 1606) |
Guru Har Gobind | Followed by: Guru Har Rai (26 February 1630 - 30 May 1661) |
| The Eleven Gurus of Sikhism | ||
|
Guru Nanak Dev | Guru Angad Dev | Guru Amar Das | Guru Ram Das | Guru Arjun Dev | Guru Har Gobind | Guru Har Rai | Guru Har Krishan | Guru Teg Bahadur | Guru Gobind Singh | (Followed by Guru Granth Sahib, Perpetual Guru of the Sikhs) |
||
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic