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Sri Guru Granth Sahib

Japji Sahib
Shabad Hazaray
Anand Sahib
Rehras Sahib
Kirtan Sohila
Sukhmani Sahib
Asa di Var

Dasam Granth

Gur Mantar
Jaap Sahib
Benti Chaupai
Amrit Savaiye

Varan Bhai Gurdas

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Image:Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svgThis article contains Indic text. The principal Sikh scripture is the Adi Granth (First Scripture) more commonly called the Guru Granth Sahib. Sikhism ( IPA: or; ਸਿੱਖੀ sikkhī, IPA:) founded on the teachings of Nanak and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century The history of Sikhism is closely associated with the History of Punjab, the socio-political situation in medieval India, and the social structures and Simran and Seva: These are the Foundation of Sikhism. It is the duty of every Sikh to practise Naam Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. Japji Sahib consists of the Mool Mantra as the beginning followed by 38 hymns and a final Salok at the end of this composition Shabad Hazaray is the Bani of longing for the beloved It was written by Guru Arjan when he was separated from Guru Ram Das for a long period of time Anand Sahib This Bani is part of the Nitnem or prayer which are read by Amritdhari Sikhs in the morning The rehras is the evening Prayer of the Sikhs. It is recited at the end of a working day Kirtan Sohila Three Gurus – Guru Nanak, Guru Ram Das and Guru Arjan - contributed five shabads on the pain of separation and celebrating the bliss of Sukhmani Sahib is the name given to the set of hymns divided into 24 sections which appear in the Sri Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh Holy Scriptures on page 262 Asa Ki Var is a collection of 24 pauris or stanzas written by Guru Nanak Devji ( Sri Guru Granth Sahib, page 462-475 The Dasven Patshah Da Granth (ਦਸਵੇ ਪਾਤਸ਼ਾਹ ਦਾ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ (book of the Tenth Emperor popularly known as Dasam Granth(ਦਸਮ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ The Gur Mantar, also known as Gurmantar in Punjabi is that esoteric formula or term significant of the Supreme Being or the deity which the master or teacher confides to Jaap Sahib is the morning prayer of the Sikhs The Prayer or Bani was composed by the tenth Sikh Master Guru Gobind Singh. Benti Chaupee Composed by the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, it is a part of main evening prayers of the Sikhs called Rehras Sahib. Sudha Swayas was composed by Guru Gobind Singh to give an opinion on how to worship God Varan Bhai Gurdas is the name given to the 40 Varan (chapters of writing by Bhai Gurdas. This list is of topics related to Sikhs and Sikhism. Sikhism:CategorySikhism Sikhism Sikh Amritsar The Brahmic family is a family of syllabaries (writing systems used in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and parts of Central Asia and East Asia,
Without rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes or other symbols instead of Indic characters; or irregular vowel positioning and a lack of conjuncts. Mojibake is the happenstance of incorrect unreadable characters (garbage characters shown when Computer software fails to render a text correctly according to its associated

The Adi Sri Guru Granth Sahib (Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ, gurū granth sāhib), or Guru Granth Sahib, is the holy book, or scriptures, of the Sikhs. Punjabi (pa ਪੰਜਾਬੀ in Gurmukhi script pa-PK {{Nastaliq پنجابی}} in Shahmukhi script Pañjābī in Transliteration) is an Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. [1] It is revered as an eternal Guru, a sacred conduit for wisdom and guidance. A guru (गुरु গুরু is a person who is regarded as having great knowledge wisdom and authority in a certain area and uses it to guide others Guru Gobind Singh (1666-1708), the tenth Guru in Sikh tradition, affirmed the sacred text Adi Granth as his successor, terminating the line of human Gurus, and elevating the text to Guru Granth Sahib. Guru Gobind Singh (ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ gʊɾu gobɪn̪d̪ sɪ́ŋg ( December 22, 1666 &ndash 7 October, 1708) was Sikhism was established by Guru Nanak over the period of 1469 to 1708. Adi Granth (or Aad Granth, literally "the first book" is the early compilation of the Sikh Scriptures by Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji the fifth [2] From that point on, the text remained not only the holy scripture of the Sikhs, but is also regarded by them as the living embodiment of the their Ten Gurus. [3] The role of Guru Granth Sahib, as a source or guide of prayer,[4] is pivotal in worship in Sikhism. Sikhism ( IPA: or; ਸਿੱਖੀ sikkhī, IPA:) founded on the teachings of Nanak and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century

The Adi Granth was first compiled by the fifth Sikh Guru, Guru Arjan Dev (1563-1606), from hymns of the first five Sikh Gurus and other great saints of the Hindu and Muslim traditions. Guru Arjan Dev Ji or Guru Arjun Dev Ji (ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜੁਨ ਦੇਵ (born in Amritsar, Punjab, India on 15 April, [5] The original scribe of the Adi Granth was Bhai Gurdas and later Bhai Mani Singh. Bhai Gurdas ( 1551 - 25 August 1636) was a Punjabi Sikh writer historian missionary and religious figure Bhai Mani Singh, a great Sikh personality of eighteenth century occupies a very esteemed position in Sikh history After the demise of the tenth Sikh Guru many handwritten copies were prepared for distribution by Baba Deep Singh. Baba Deep Singh (1682-1757 is revered as one of the most hallowed martyrs in Sikh history

The 'Guru Granth Sahib' is a voluminous text of 1430 pages, compiled and composed during the period of Sikh Gurus, from 1469 to 1708. Sikhism was established by Guru Nanak over the period of 1469 to 1708. [1] It is compiled in the form of hymns written in praise of God, which describe what God is like[5] and the right way to live. Written in the Gurmukhi script, it contains many languages including Braj, Old Punjabi, Khariboli, Sanskrit and Persian. Gurmukhī (ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ Shahmukhi:) is the most common script used for writing the Punjabi language. Brij Bhasha (ब्रज भाषा also called Braj Bhasha, Braj Bhakha, or Daihaati Zabaan (country tongue is a Central Indian language Punjabi may refer to The Punjabi language of Pakistan and India Punjabi grammar List of Punjabi Khariboli (also Khadiboli, Khadi-Boli, or Khari dialect identified as Hindi by SIL Ethnologue) (/ kʰəɽiː boːliː / Hindi Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical

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Meaning and role in Sikhism

A painting of Guru Arjan dictating the Adi Granth to Bhai Gurdas
A painting of Guru Arjan dictating the Adi Granth to Bhai Gurdas

Sikhs consider the Guru Granth Sahib to be the highest authority within the community, and it plays a central role in Sikh devotional and ritual life. Guru Arjan Dev Ji or Guru Arjun Dev Ji (ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜੁਨ ਦੇਵ (born in Amritsar, Punjab, India on 15 April, Bhai Gurdas ( 1551 - 25 August 1636) was a Punjabi Sikh writer historian missionary and religious figure The place of the Guru Granth Sahib in Sikh devotional life is based on two fundamental principles or beliefs. The first is that the text within the Adi Granth is divine revelation,[6] hence it cannot be changed, and the second is that all answers regarding religion and morality can be discovered within the text. The hymns and teachings contained in the Sikh holy book are called Gurbani or "Word of the Guru" and sometimes Dhurbani or "Word of God". Thus, in Sikh theology, the revealed divine word is the Guru. [7] Because the scripture inherited this authority from Sikh Gurus, it is called Guru Granth, meaning "Guru Book". Sikhism was established by Guru Nanak over the period of 1469 to 1708.

The work of the numerous holy men who contributed to the Guru Granth Sahib is collectively referred to as Bhagat Bani or "Word of Saints". These saints belonged to different social and religious backgrounds, including Hindus and Muslims, cobblers and even untouchables. Untouchability is a social system in which people belonging to a particular group restrict people in other groups from interacting with them socially Although the Sikh Bhagats are not accorded the status of Guru in Sikhism, their work is equally revered as that of Sikh Gurus and no distinction is made between the work of a Sikh Bhagat and a Sikh Guru. The essence of these doctrines is that the Guru Granth Sahib, which contains the complete teachings of the Sikh Gurus, is the sole and final successor of the line of Gurus. Anyone claiming the status of living Guru is considered a heretic. [8]

History

The Adi Granth was first installed in Golden Temple
The Adi Granth was first installed in Golden Temple

The work of transcribing the teachings of Guru Nanak, the first Guru and founder of Sikhism, began in his lifetime. Adi Granth (or Aad Granth, literally "the first book" is the early compilation of the Sikh Scriptures by Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji the fifth Guru Nanak Dev (ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦੇਵ (गुरु नानक گرونانک Gurū Nānak ( 15 april 1469, Nankana Sahib Sikhism ( IPA: or; ਸਿੱਖੀ sikkhī, IPA:) founded on the teachings of Nanak and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century [9] When Guru Angad became the second Guru of Sikhs, Guru Nanak gave him his collection of hymns and teachings in the form of a "pothi" (manuscript). Guru Angad Dev Ji was the second of the eleven Sikh Gurus. Lehna was born in the village of Sarae Naga in Muktsar district in Punjab, on March 31, Guru Angad added 63 of his own compositions and subsequently handed the enlarged manuscript to the third Guru, Amar Das. Guru Amar Das ( Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਅਮਰ ਦਾਸ ( 5 May 1479 - 1 September 1574) was the third of The Guru Amar Das prepared a number of manuscripts, which he supplemented with 974 of his own compositions, as well as the works of various Bhagats. These manuscripts, known as Goindwal pothis, mention the message of Guru Amar Das as to why the Bhagat Bani was included and how the Bhagats were influenced by Guru Nanak. [9] The fourth Guru also composed hymns and preserved them in a pothi.

The fifth Guru, Arjan Dev, in order to consolidate the Bani (Divine word) of earlier Gurus and to prevent spurious compositions creeping into the original text, decided to compile the Adi Granth. Guru Arjan Dev Ji or Guru Arjun Dev Ji (ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜੁਨ ਦੇਵ (born in Amritsar, Punjab, India on 15 April, [9] The ancient Sikh manuscript Tawarikh Guru Khalsa mentions that Guru Arjan Dev issued a Hukamnamah (official order), asking anyone who could contribute to do so. All of the sourcing and content of the Bani was reviewed, of the earlier Gurus as well as that of the Bhagats. Guru Arjan Dev's examination of the text sought to order and affirm the authenticity of the existing revelation. [9] Guru Arjan started the work of compiling the Adi Granth early in 1599. [10]

The final prepared volume is known as Adi Granth, or "original volume". It was written by Bhai Gurdas, under the direct supervision of Guru Arjan, who dictated the text. Bhai Gurdas ( 1551 - 25 August 1636) was a Punjabi Sikh writer historian missionary and religious figure It included the compositions of the first four Sikh Gurus, to which were added those of the fifth Sikh Guru, Arjan Dev. The Adi Granth also contained the compositions of fifteen Bhagats, seventeen Bhatts ("bards", or traditional composers), and four others such as Bhai Mardana, a lifelong companion of Guru Nanak.

The Adi Granth took five years to complete and was installed in Harmandir Sahib ("the abode of God"), popularly known as the Golden Temple, on September 01, 1604, with Baba Buddha as the first Granthi. Sri Harmandir Sahib ( Punjabi: ਦਰਬਾਰ ਸਾਹਿਬ) informally referred to as The Golden Temple or Temple of God, He himself was decapitated Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Baba Buddha, was one of closest companions of the guru Nanak (the first Guru of Sikhism and is one of the most revered and sacred saints in Sikhism. Granthi (literal meaning "the keeper and the reader of the Sikh scripture") is a person of either gender who performs the reading of the Guru Granth Sahib [10] This original volume is presently in Kartarpur and bears the signature of the Guru Arjan. Kartarpur may refer to Kartarpur India, a town Kartarpur Pakistan, a village [11]

Illuminated Guru Granth folio with nisan (Mool Mantar) of Guru Gobind Singh. Collection of Takht Sri Harimandir Sahib, Patna.
Illuminated Guru Granth folio with nisan (Mool Mantar) of Guru Gobind Singh. Collection of Takht Sri Harimandir Sahib, Patna.

This master copy was initially in the possession of Guru Hargobind, but was stolen by one of his grandsons, Dhir Mal, who wanted to lay claim to the title of Guru of Sikhs. Guru Har Gobind (ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਾਹਿਬ also Sacha Padshah (ਸੱਚਾ ਪਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ True King The Sikhs, about 30 years later, recovered it forcibly and were made to return it on the order of the ninth Guru, Tegh Bahadur. Guru Tegh Bahadur ( 1 April 1621 – 11 November 1675) became the 9th Guru of Sikhism on Every year on the occasion of Vaisakhi the original Adi Granth, known as Kartarpur pothi, is displayed by the descendants of Dhir Mal in Kartarpur. Vaisakhi (ਵਸਾਖੀ vaisākhī, also known as Baisakhi) is an ancient Harvest festival in Punjab, which also marks beginning of Kartarpur may refer to Kartarpur India, a town Kartarpur Pakistan, a village

The final composition of Adi Granth was prepared by Guru Gobind Singh with the scribe Bhai Mani Singh at Talwandi Sabo (renamed as Damdama Sahib). Guru Gobind Singh (ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ gʊɾu gobɪn̪d̪ sɪ́ŋg ( December 22, 1666 &ndash 7 October, 1708) was Bhai Mani Singh, a great Sikh personality of eighteenth century occupies a very esteemed position in Sikh history Guru Gobind Singh added the hymns composed by Guru Tegh Bahadur[12] but excluded his own. Guru Tegh Bahadur ( 1 April 1621 – 11 November 1675) became the 9th Guru of Sikhism on There is mention of Guru Gobind Singh's holding an "Akhand Path" (continued recital of Guru Granth Sahib). [13] From Talwandi Sabo, Guru Gobind Singh went to Deccan. While at Nanded, Guru Gobind Singh installed the final version prepared by him as the perpetual Guru of Sikhs in 1708. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Nanded (नांदेड is the second largest city in Marathwada region of Maharashtra

The Guru Granth Sahib is divided into ragas or classical musical notes. Rāga ( Sanskrit, lit "colour" or "mood" or rāgam in Carnatic music) refers to melodic modes used The chronological division is on the basis of ragas and not on the order of succession of Gurus. The Sikhs do not lay emphasis on any particular volume of Guru Granth Sahib as a Guru.

The Supreme Court of India holds that the Guru Granth Sahib should be, for historic and legal reasons, considered a 'Juristic person': "The Granth replaces the Guru after the tenth Guru. The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of the land as established by Part V Chapter IV of the Constitution of India. Note This Wikipedia entry deals with the legal concept legal person. We unhesitatingly hold Guru Granth Sahib to be a juristic person. " The court articulated this finding in the context of a case pertaining to a property dispute.

Elevation of Adi Granth to Guru Granth Sahib

The Adi Granth was conferred the title of "Guru of the Sikhs" by the tenth Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, in October, 1708. October events and holidays Children's Book Week ( England) - First Week of October National Day ( China People's Republic Year 1708 ( MDCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The event, when Guru Gobind Singh installed Adi Granth as the Guru of Sikhism, was recorded in a Bhatt Vahi (a bard's scroll) by an eyewitness, Narbud Singh,[14] who was a bard at the Guru's court. There are a variety of other documents attesting to this proclamation by the tenth Guru.

Thus, despite some aberrations, the Sikhs overwhelmingly accept that the Guru Granth is their eternal Guru. This has been the understanding and conviction of the Sikhs, since that October day of 1708. Year 1708 ( MDCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a

Guru's commandment

A close associate of Guru Gobind Singh and author of Rehit-nama, Prahlad Singh, recorded the Guru's commandment saying "With the order of the Eternal Lord has been established [Sikh] Panth: all the Sikhs hereby are commanded to obey the Granth as their Guru". (Rehat-nama, Bhai Prahlad Singh)[15] Similarly Chaupa Singh, another associate of Guru Gobind Singh, has mentioned this commandment in his Rehat-nama.

Composition

Main article: Gurmukhī
Main article: Ragas in the Guru Granth Sahib

The Sikh Gurus developed a new writing system, Gurmukhī, for writing their sacred literature. Gurmukhī (ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ Shahmukhi:) is the most common script used for writing the Punjabi language. Raga (singular rag or raga plural raga or ragas is a complex Gurmukhī (ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ Shahmukhi:) is the most common script used for writing the Punjabi language. [16] Although the exact origins of the script are unknown,[17] it is believed to have existed in an elementary form during the time of Guru Nanak. According to Sikh tradition, Guru Angad is said to have invented the script,[16] and popularised it's use among the Sikhs. Guru Angad Dev Ji was the second of the eleven Sikh Gurus. Lehna was born in the village of Sarae Naga in Muktsar district in Punjab, on March 31, It is stated in Mahman Prakash, an early Sikh manuscript, that the script was invented by Guru Angad at the suggestion of Guru Nanak during the lifetime of the founder. [18] The word Gurmukhī translates as "from the mouth of the Guru". The script was used, from the onset, for compiling Sikh scriptures. The Sikhs assign high degree of sanctity to Gurmukhī language script. [19] The Gurmukhī language Script is also the official script for the Indian State of Punjab.

The end part of the handwritten Adi granth, by Pratap Singh Giani, located on the first floor of Harimandir Sahib
The end part of the handwritten Adi granth, by Pratap Singh Giani, located on the first floor of Harimandir Sahib

The Guru Granth Sahib is divided into fourteen hundred and thirty pages known as Angs (limbs) in Sikh tradition. Pratap Singh Giani (also Partap Singh Gyani 1855-1920 was a Sikh academician scholar and Calligraphist. The composition is divided on the basis musical notes called Ragas. [20] A Raga is a scale and combination of certain musical notes, that provide a basic structure around which the musician performs. The Ragas or musical notes in Guru Granth Sahib are centered around different moods and times of the day and year. [20] The total number of these Ragas or musical notes are thirty one, which are further divided into fourteen Ragas and seventeen Raginis (minor musical notes). Within the ragas, they are arranged by order of the Sikh Gurus and Sikh Bhagats. In addition to the Ragas, there are twenty two compositions of Vars (Traditional ballads). Nine of these vars are based on specific tunes and the rest can be sung in any tune. [20]

The structural composition of Guru Granth Sahib can be divided into three different sections:[21]

  1. The introductory section that consists the Mul Mantra, Japji and Sohila composed by Guru Nanak
  2. The arrangement of compositions of Sikh Gurus followed by that of Sikh Bhagats, occurring according to chronology of Ragas or musical notes. The Mul Mantra (ਮੂਲ ਮੰਤਰ Mūla Maṃtar, or pa ਮੂਲ ਮੰਤ੍ਰ Mūla Maṃtra, Mul Mantra) is the most important concept Japji Sahib consists of the Mool Mantra as the beginning followed by 38 hymns and a final Salok at the end of this composition The collection of Hymns called Sohila is repeated at bedtime by Sikhs. Guru Nanak Dev (ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦੇਵ (गुरु नानक گرونانک Gurū Nānak ( 15 april 1469, Nankana Sahib
  3. The third part consists of compositions of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Guru Tegh Bahadur ( 1 April 1621 – 11 November 1675) became the 9th Guru of Sikhism on

The various Ragas or musical notes, as per order, are: Raga Sri, Manjh, Gauri, Asa, Gujri, Devagandhari, Bihagara, Wadahans, Sorath, Dhanasri, Jaitsri, Todi, Bairari, Tilang, Suhi, Bilaval, Gond (Gaund), Ramkali, Nut-Narayan, Mali-Gaura, Maru, Tukhari, Kedara, Bhairav (Bhairo), Basant, Sarang, Malar, Kanra, Kalyan, Prabhati and Jaijawanti. This is an Indian musical Raga that apart from being said to have been related to Lord Shiva also appears in the Sikh tradition from northern India and is part of Gauri may refer to Gauri (raga The Hindu Deity Parvati Gauri Khan - Indian film producer This is an India musical Raga (composition that appears in the Sikh tradition from northern India and is part of the Guru Granth Sahib. Bihagara is an India musical Raga (composition that appears in the Sikh tradition from northern India and is part of the Guru Granth Sahib. For a region in Gurjrat see Saurashtra Sorath: This is an India musical Raga (composition that appears in the Sikh tradition from northern Todi is a town and Comune (municipality of the Province of Perugia ( Umbria) in central Italy. This is an India musical Raga (composition that appears in the Sikh tradition from northern India and is part of the Sikh holy scripture called Sri Guru Granth Bilaval is a Hindustani classical Raga. The Bilaval is an Indian Raga (musical composition that appears in the The Gondi (Gōndi are a people in central India. The Gondi or Gond people are spread over the states of Madhya Pradesh, eastern Maharashtra Ramkali is a Raga from Hindusthani classical music which originated from Bhairav Thaat. Bhairava (Sanskrit sa भैरव "Terrible" or "Frightful" sometimes known as Bhairo or Bhairon or Bhairadya, is the fierce manifestation Basant (बसंत ਬਸਨ is short for Basant Panchami (वसंत पंचमी a Hindu festival in honor of Saraswati, the goddess of knowledge music Sarang ( Sanskrit: सारंग - Peacock) is the Helicopter formation display team of the Indian Air Force.

Sanctity among Sikhs

The Mool Mantar in the handwriting of Guru Har Rai
The Mool Mantar in the handwriting of Guru Har Rai
Main article: Guru_Har_Rai#Ram_Rai

Sikhs observe total sanctity of the text in the Guru Granth Sahib. The Mul Mantra (ਮੂਲ ਮੰਤਰ Mūla Maṃtar, or pa ਮੂਲ ਮੰਤ੍ਰ Mūla Maṃtra, Mul Mantra) is the most important concept Guru Har Rai (ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਰਾਇ ( 26 February 1630 - 6 October 1661) was the seventh of The Eleven Gurus of Sikhism Guru Har Rai (ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਰਾਇ ( 26 February 1630 - 6 October 1661) was the seventh of The Eleven Gurus of Sikhism SACRED was a Cubesat built by the Student Satellite Program of the University of Arizona. No one can change or alter any of the writings of the Sikh Gurus written in Guru Granth Sahib. This includes sentences, words, structure, grammar etc. This total sanctity was observed by the Gurus themselves. Guru Har Rai had disowned his elder son, Ram Rai, because he had altered the wording of one of Guru Nanak's hymn. Guru Har Rai (ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਰਾਇ ( 26 February 1630 - 6 October 1661) was the seventh of The Eleven Gurus of Sikhism [22] Ram Rai had been sent to Delhi, by Guru Har Rai, to explain Gurbani to Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. In order to please the Emperor he altered the wording of hymns of Guru Nanak. The matter was reported to the Guru, who was displeased with his son and disowned him. Later when aged, Ram Rai was forgiven by Guru Gobind Singh. Guru Har Rai (ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਰਾਇ ( 26 February 1630 - 6 October 1661) was the seventh of The Eleven Gurus of Sikhism

Translations

Translations of the Guru Granth Sahib are available. However, Translation fallacy means that an accurate translation from the language of the Sikh Gurus, Gurmukhī, is not possible. In Linguistics, the translation fallacy is the concept that essentially no word phrase text or speech in one language can be reliably translated into another language without Gurmukhī (ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ Shahmukhi:) is the most common script used for writing the Punjabi language. Translations give entry level understanding of the Guru Granth Sahib to those who otherwise may not have had the opportunity to experience Gurmukhī (literally "from the mouth of the Gurus"). Gurmukhī (ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ Shahmukhi:) is the most common script used for writing the Punjabi language.

A Sikh is encouraged to learn Gurmukhi to fully experience and understand the Guru Granth Sahib. Gurmukhī (ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ Shahmukhi:) is the most common script used for writing the Punjabi language. Sikhs believe that it is necessary to learn Gurmukhī, designed and used by the Sikh Gurus, to fully understand and appreciate the message. Gurmukhī (ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ Shahmukhi:) is the most common script used for writing the Punjabi language.

Recitation

A Granthi reciting from Guru Granth Sahib
A Granthi reciting from Guru Granth Sahib

The Guru Granth Sahib is always placed in the centre of a Gurudwara and placed on a raised platform, known as Takht (throne). Granthi (literal meaning "the keeper and the reader of the Sikh scripture") is a person of either gender who performs the reading of the Guru Granth Sahib The Guru Granth is given the greatest respect and honour. Sikhs cover their heads and remove their shoes while in the presence of Guru Granth. Before coming into its presence, they bathe and bow before the Guru Granth. The Guru Granth is always carried on the head and never touched with unwashed hands. [23]

The Guru Granth Sahib is always the focal point in any Gurudwara. It is attended with all signs of royalty, as was the custom with Sikh Gurus, and is placed upon a throne, and the congregation sits on the floor. It is waved upon by a chaur (sort of fan) which is made of fine material and a canopy is always placed over it. The devotees bow before the Guru and offer Karah Prashad (sacred food) or money to it. [23]

The Guru Granth Sahib is taken care of by a Granthi. Granthi (literal meaning "the keeper and the reader of the Sikh scripture") is a person of either gender who performs the reading of the Guru Granth Sahib He is responsible for reciting from Guru Granth and leading the Sikh prayer. The Granthi also acts as the caretaker of Guru Granth Sahib and this function may be performed by any other person. An important function of the Granthi is to put Guru Granth Sahib to bed every night. Before doing this, he must recite the night prayer known as Kirtan Sohila, which is composed by Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikh religion. Guru Granth Sahib is placed in a bed known as Manji Sahib, and covered with soft quilts and clean cloths. Small cushions are also placed alongside to support its large size. It is kept covered in silken cloths, known as Rumala, to protect from heat, dust, pollution etc. It rests on a manji sahib under a rumala until brought out again. [23]

Printing

The printing of Guru Granth Sahib is done by the official religious body of Sikhs based in Amritsar. Amritsar (ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ meaning The Lake of the Holy Nectar, is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar District in the state It is the sole worldwide publisher of Guru Granth Sahib. Great care is taken while making printed copies and strict code of conduct is observed during the task of printing. [24]

Before the twentieth century, only hand written copies of Guru Granth Sahib were prepared. The first printed copy of Guru Granth Sahib was made in 1864. Since the early 20th century Guru Granth Sahib has a standard 1430 pages. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on

The Sri Guru Granth Sahib ji is currently printed in an authorised printing press in the basement of the Gurdwara Ramsar in Amritsar. A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a medium (such as paper or cloth thereby transferring an image Amritsar (ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ meaning The Lake of the Holy Nectar, is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar District in the state However, there are a number of unscrupulous individuals who have printed unauthorised copies of Sri Guru Granth Sahib ji. Any resulting printer's "waste" that has any of the sacred text on, is cremated at Goindval. Cremation is the act of reducing a Corpse by burning, generally in a crematorium furnace or crematory fire Goindval (also known as Goindwal Sahib is a place in Amritsar district in the states of Punjab in India about 22 km [25]

Treatment of damaged copies

Any copies of the Guru Granth Sahib which are too badly damaged to be used, and any printer's waste which has any of its text on, are cremated with a similar ceremony as cremating a deceased man.

Comments on Sri Guru Granth Sahib by Non-Sikhs

This is what Max Arthur Macauliffe writes about the authenticity of the Guru's teaching:

The Sikh religion differs as regards the authenticity of its dogmas from most other theological systems. New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana Hurricane Katrina of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the costliest hurricane, as well as one of the five deadliest in the history of the United States Michael MacAuliffe, also known as Max Arthur Macauliffe ( 10 September 1841 - 15 March 1913) was a senior British administrator prolific Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. Dogma (the plural is either dogmata or dogmas, Greek, plural) is the established Belief or Theology is the study of a god or the gods from a religious perspective Many of the great teachers the world has known, have not left a line of their own composition and we only know what they taught through tradition or second-hand information. If Pythagoras wrote of his tenets, his writings have not descended to us. "Pythagoras of Samos" redirects here For the Samian statuary of the same name see Pythagoras (sculptor. We know the teachings of Socrates only through the writings of Plato and Xenophanes. SOCRATES is the European Community action programme in the field of Education. Biography Early life Birth and family Plato was born in Athens Greece Xenophanes of Colophon ( Greek ( 570 – 480 BC was a Greek Philosopher, Poet, and social and religious Critic. Buddha has left no written memorial of his teaching. Siddhārtha Gautama ( Sanskrit; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual Teacher from Ancient India and the founder Kungfu-tze, known to Europeans as Confucius, left no documents in which he detailed the principles of his moral and social system. Confucius ( lit " Master Kung " September 28, 551 BC - 479 BC) was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher The founder of Christianity did not reduce his doctrines to writing and for them we are obliged to trust to the gospels according to Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings The Arabian Prophet did not himself reduce to writing the chapters of the Quran. IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran They were written or compiled by his adherents and followers. But the compositions of Sikh Gurus are preserved and we know at first hand what they taught.

Miss Pearl S. Buck, a Nobel laureate, gives the following comment on receiving the First English translation of the Guru Granth Sahib:

. Pearl S Buck ( Traditional Chinese: 賽珍珠 Simplified Chinese: 赛珍珠 Pinyin: Sài Zhēnzhū ( June 26, The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature In English, the word laureate has come to signify eminence or association with Literary or Military glory . . . I have studied the scriptures of the great religions, but I do not find elsewhere the same power of appeal to the heart and mind as I find here in these volumes. They are compact in spite of their length, and are a revelation of the vast reach of the human heart, varying from the most noble concept of God, to the recognition and indeed the insistence upon the practical needs of the human body. God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity. There is something strangely modern about these scriptures and this puzzles me until I learned that they are in fact comparatively modern, compiled as late as the 16th century, when explorers were beginning to discover that the globe upon which we all live is a single entity divided only by arbitrary lines of our own making. Perhaps this sense of unity is the source of power I find in these volumes. They speak to a person of any religion or of none. They speak for the human heart and the searching mind. . . .

Message of Guru Granth Sahib

Main article: Message of Guru Granth Sahib

The Guru Granth Sahib provides unique and unequaled guidance and advice to the whole of the human race. The Guru Granth Sahib promotes a moral teaching that Sahib explains is about living a life of Truth respect for others and high moral standards It is the torch that will lead humanity out of Kali Yug (era of evil) to a life in peace, tranquility and spiritual enlightenment for all the nations of the World. The main message can be summarized as:

  1. All peoples of the world are equal
  2. Women are equal
  3. One God for all
  4. Speak and live truthfully
  5. Control the five vices
  6. Live in God's hukam (Universal Laws)
  7. Meditate on the name of God (Remember God)
  8. Practice Humility, Kindness, Compassion, Love, etc

Care & Protocol to be Observed

Personal Behaviour

Any person carrying out any Service or Sewa must observe the following:

Environment

On the move

Whilst the Guru is on the move the following is observed:

Other considerations

Academic courses

Punjabi University, Patiala, has established a department which provides a number of academic courses on Guru Granth Sahib. Punjabi University, in Patiala, is one of the premier institutions of higher education in Punjab, India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Patiala ( Punjabi: ਪਟਿਆਲਾ is a city in the Punjab state of India. The department was established in 1962. Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Sikhism is a revealed religion and as such the department was established to do research in Sikhism and Sikh scriptures. Sikhism ( IPA: or; ਸਿੱਖੀ sikkhī, IPA:) founded on the teachings of Nanak and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century [26] The aim of the department is to study Sikhism as an academic discpline and to produce source material for students working in the field of Sikh studies. The thrust areas of the departmental research are Sikh theology and Sikh Philosophy[26]

The university has started work on an online academic course in advanced studies of the Guru Granth sahib. This academic course would be available internationally, to any student who wants academic training in the Sikh scripture. International or internationally most often describes interaction between Nations or encompassing two or more nations constituting a group or association having The academic exam papers would be designed by "The Advanced Centre for Development of Punjabi Language, Literature and Culture". [27]


#NameDate of birthGuruship onDate of ascensionAge
1Nanak Dev15 April 146920 August 150722 September 153969
2Angad Dev31 March 15047 September 153929 March 155248
3Amar Das5 May 147926 March 15521 September 157495
4Ram Das24 September 15341 September 15741 September 158146
5Arjan Dev15 April 15631 September 158130 May 160643
6Har Gobind19 June 159525 May 160628 February 164448
7Har Rai16 January 16303 March 16446 October 166131
8Har Krishan7 July 16566 October 166130 March 16647
9Tegh Bahadur1 April 162120 March 166511 November 167554
10Gobind Singh22 December 166611 November 16757 October 170841
11Guru Granth Sahibn/a7 October 1708Eternityn/a

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Keene, Michael (2003). Guru Nanak Dev (ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦੇਵ (गुरु नानक گرونانک Gurū Nānak ( 15 april 1469, Nankana Sahib Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Guru Angad Dev Ji was the second of the eleven Sikh Gurus. Lehna was born in the village of Sarae Naga in Muktsar district in Punjab, on March 31, Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Guru Amar Das ( Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਅਮਰ ਦਾਸ ( 5 May 1479 - 1 September 1574) was the third of The Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Guru Ram Das (ਗੁਰੂ ਰਾਮ ਦਾਸ (Born in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan on 24 September, 1534 &ndash 1 September Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Guru Arjan Dev Ji or Guru Arjun Dev Ji (ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜੁਨ ਦੇਵ (born in Amritsar, Punjab, India on 15 April, Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following Guru Har Gobind (ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਾਹਿਬ also Sacha Padshah (ਸੱਚਾ ਪਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ True King Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule Guru Har Rai (ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਰਾਇ ( 26 February 1630 - 6 October 1661) was the seventh of The Eleven Gurus of Sikhism Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Guru Har Krishan (ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਕ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਨ ( 7 July, 1656 &ndash 30 March, 1664) was Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. Guru Tegh Bahadur ( 1 April 1621 – 11 November 1675) became the 9th Guru of Sikhism on Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Guru Gobind Singh (ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ gʊɾu gobɪn̪d̪ sɪ́ŋg ( December 22, 1666 &ndash 7 October, 1708) was Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) Year 1708 ( MDCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) Year 1708 ( MDCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a While in the popular mind eternity often simply means existing for a limitless amount of Time, many have used it to refer to a timeless existence altogether outside of The Guru Granth Sahib promotes a moral teaching that Sahib explains is about living a life of Truth respect for others and high moral standards Online Worksheets. Nelson Thornes, 38. ISBN 074877159X.  
  2. ^ Partridge, Christopher Hugh (2005). Introduction to World Religions, 223.  
  3. ^ Kashmir, Singh. "SRI GURU GRANTH SAHIB - A JURISTIC PERSON". , Global Sikh Studies. Retrieved on 2008-04-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne  
  4. ^ Singh, Kushwant (2005). A history of the sikhs. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195673085.  
  5. ^ a b Penney, Sue. Sikhism. Heinemann, 14. ISBN 0435304704.  
  6. ^ Ganeri, Anita (2003). Guru Granth Sahib and Sikhism. Black Rabbit Books, 20. ISBN 1583402454.  
  7. ^ foley- Garces, Kathleen (2005). Death and Religion in a changing World. M. E Sharpe, 180.  
  8. ^ Deol, Harnik (2000). Religion and Nationalism in India. Routledge, 62. ISBN 041520108X.  
  9. ^ a b c d Singh, Roopinder (04-09-2004). The Word of faith. The tribune. Retrieved on [[April 4, 2008]]. Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  10. ^ a b Singh, Sangat (1995). The Sikhs in History. Singh Brothers, 33. ISBN 0964755505.  
  11. ^ "Original Text". Retrieved on 2008-01-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade.  
  12. ^ Keene, Michael (2002). New Steps in Religious Education. Nelson thomes, 38. ISBN 0748764585.  
  13. ^ Singh, Sangat (1995). The Sikhs in History. Singh Brothers, 74. ISBN 0964755505.  
  14. ^ Singh, Gurbachan; Sondeep Shankar (1998). The Sikhs : Faith, Philosophy and Folks. Roli & Janssen, 55. ISBN 81-7436-037-9.  
  15. ^ Singh, Ganda; Gurdev Singh (1996). Perspectives on The Sikh Tradition. Singh Brothers, Amritsar (India), 224. ISBN 81-7205-178-6.  
  16. ^ a b Hoiberg, Dale; Indu Ramchandani (2000). Students' Britannica India. Popular Prakashan, 207. ISBN 0852297602.  
  17. ^ Duggal, Kartar Singh (1998). Philosophy and Faith of Sikhism. Himalayan Institute Press, 14. ISBN 0893891096.  
  18. ^ Gupta, Hari Ram (2000). History of the Sikhs Vol. 1; The Sikh Gurus, 1469-1708. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers (P) Ltd. , 114. ISBN 8121512764.  
  19. ^ Mann, Gurinder Singh (2001). The making of Sikh Scripture. Oxford University Press, 5. ISBN 0195130243.  
  20. ^ a b c Brown, Kerry (1999). Sikh Art and Literature. Routledge, 200. ISBN 0415202884.  
  21. ^ Nayar, Kamala Elizabeth; Jaswinder Singh Sandhu (2007). The Socially Involved Renunciate: Guru Nanak's Discourse to the Nath, 60. ISBN 0791472132.  
  22. ^ Bains, K. S. "A tribute to Bal Guru", The Tribune.  
  23. ^ a b c Fowler, Jeaneane (1997). World Religions:An Introduction for Students. Sussex Academic Press, 354-357. ISBN 1898723486.  
  24. ^ "Sikh holy book flown to Canada".  
  25. ^ Eleanor Nesbitt, "Sikhism: a very short introduction", ISBN 0-19-280601-7, Oxford University Press, pp. 40-41
  26. ^ a b Guru Granth Sahib Research Department.
  27. ^ Varsity plans online course

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Dictionary

Guru Granth Sahib

-proper noun

  1. the sacred Sikh scripture.
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